Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-601

Allowed

URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.

2450 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-61451 (GCVE-0-2026-61451)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 11:25 – Updated: 2026-07-28 13:02

Title

Grav before 1.0.4 Password Reset Token Poisoning via admin_base_url

Summary

The Grav API plugin (grav-plugin-api) before 1.0.4 does not validate the origin of the client-supplied admin_base_url field in the POST /api/v1/auth/forgot-password endpoint. The sanitizeHttpUrl() function only checks that the URL scheme is http/https and never verifies the host against the server's own origin, so an attacker can supply an arbitrary host. As a result, an unauthenticated attacker can cause the password reset email sent to a victim to contain a reset link pointing at an attacker-controlled server; when the victim follows the link, the valid reset token is disclosed to the attacker, enabling full account takeover. The vulnerable base URL can also be influenced via the Referer or Origin headers.

Severity

9.4 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

9.6 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-15 12:38 UTC

CWE

CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Assigner

VulnCheck mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisori…	vendor-advisory
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/grav-before-…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
getgrav	grav	Affected: 0 , < 1.0.4 (semver) Unaffected: 1.0.4 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav::::::::

Date Public

2026-06-25 00:00

Credits

gemstone-source

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-59806 (GCVE-0-2026-59806)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 19:43 – Updated: 2026-07-09 18:18 X_Open Source

Title

Gradio < 6.20.0 - Open Redirect and SSRF via /gradio_api/file= endpoint

Summary

Gradio before 6.20.0 contains an open redirect and server-side request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to redirect users to arbitrary URLs or perform client-side SSRF by supplying unvalidated HTTP/HTTPS URLs to the file_fetch() function in the /gradio_api/file= endpoint. Attackers can craft a malicious FileData response targeting internal endpoints such as cloud metadata services to retrieve sensitive credentials including EC2 IAM role credentials.

Severity

4.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N

7.4 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-09 18:18 UTC

CWE

CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Assigner

VulnCheck mitre root

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/issues/13593	technical-descriptionexploit
https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/releases/tag…	release-notes
https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/pull/13596	issue-tracking
https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/commit/1c5c5…	patch
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/gradio-open-…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
gradio-app	gradio	Affected: 0 , < 6.20.0 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:gradio_project:gradio::::::python::*

Date Public

2026-07-05 00:00

Credits

George Chen

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-59730 (GCVE-0-2026-59730)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 20:00 – Updated: 2026-07-28 13:49

Title

@astrojs/node: Backslash-prefixed paths not recognized as internal by trailing-slash redirect

Summary

Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. In versions 8.1.0 through 11.0.1, when trailingSlash: 'always' is configured, the @astrojs/node standalone server's static file handler appends a trailing slash to request paths and issues a 301 redirect. Paths beginning with /\ (slash-backslash) were not recognized as internal paths, so the handler would echo the raw path back in the Location header. Because browsers treat \ as / per the WHATWG URL specification, the resulting redirect could resolve to an external host. Preconditions for exploitation: trailingSlash: 'always' must be set (non-default; the default is 'ignore'), the request path must not have a file extension in its final segment, and an attacker must deliver the crafted link to a user. This issue has been fixed in version 11.0.2.

Severity

2.1 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-28 13:48 UTC

CWE

CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/withastro/astro/pull/17252	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/eb6f97e…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/withastro/astro/releases/tag/@…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
withastro	astro	Affected: >= 8.1.0, < 11.0.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-59717 (GCVE-0-2026-59717)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 20:19 – Updated: 2026-08-07 21:01

Title

Home Assistant Companion: `homeassistant://invite` Deep Link Credential Phishing

Summary

Home Assistant is open source home automation software focused on local control and privacy. Prior to 2026.6.1, the Android Companion app is vulnerable to an open redirect. The app passes the URL fragment from a homeassistant://invite deep link into the onboarding flow without ever displaying the destination hostname. Because no screen in the invitation or onboarding flow shows the parsed server URL before onboarding commits to it, a victim has no way to distinguish a legitimate invite from a malicious one. An attacker can craft an invite so that a single tap on the legitimate-looking "Connect to my Home Assistant server" button opens their /auth/authorize endpoint in the URL-less onboarding WebView, presenting a look-alike login page that captures the victim's credentials. Since invitations are intended to onboard brand-new users, targets are especially unlikely to notice the substitution. This issue is fixed in version 2026.6.1.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-07 20:51 UTC

CWE

CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
CWE-939 - Improper Authorization in Handler for Custom URL Scheme

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/home-assistant/core/security/a…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/home-assistant/android/pull/6955	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/home-assistant/android/commit/…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
home-assistant	core	Affected: < 2026.6.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-59355 (GCVE-0-2026-59355)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 06:35 – Updated: 2026-08-27 13:37

Title

Spring Authorization Server: Open Redirect via request_uri parameter

Summary

In versions of Spring Authorization Server 1.5.0 through 1.5.7, the authorization endpoint performs insufficient validation of the request_uri parameter. An attacker can craft a request containing an invalid request_uri paired with an unvalidated redirect_uri, which can result in an open redirect to an attacker-controlled site.

Severity

6.1 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-27 13:37 UTC

CWE

CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Assigner

vmware mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-59355	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
VMware	Spring Authorization Server	Affected: 1.5.0 , ≤ 1.5.7 (semver) Unaffected: 1.5.8 (OSS) Unaffected: 1.5.7.1 (enterprise support only)

Credits

Jon Kjennbakken (Vipps MobilePay)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-59180 (GCVE-0-2026-59180)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 16:02 – Updated: 2026-07-10 16:54

Title

Apprise forwards configured auth headers across cross-origin HTTP redirects

Summary

Apprise is an open source library which allows you to send a notification to almost all of the most popular notification services available. Prior to 1.11.0, Apprise HTTP-based notification plugins and HTTP attachment and config loaders in apprise/attachment/http.py and apprise/config/http.py follow HTTP redirects by default and resend user-configured auth headers and query parameters on the redirected request, allowing a compromised trusted destination or on-path attacker to receive secrets such as Authorization headers, bearer tokens, custom headers, and service keys. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.0.

Severity

3.1 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-10 16:53 UTC

CWE

CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/caronc/apprise/security/adviso…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/caronc/apprise/pull/1610	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/caronc/apprise/commit/68c0aef2…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/caronc/apprise/releases/tag/v1.11.0	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
caronc	apprise	Affected: < 1.11.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-58520 (GCVE-0-2026-58520)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 17:14 – Updated: 2026-07-01 17:56

Title

UrlShortener defaults to ineffective validation open to third-party redirects

Summary

URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - UrlShortener Extension allows Cross-Site Flashing. This issue affects Mediawiki - UrlShortener Extension: from * before 1.43.9, 1.44.6, 1.45.4.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-01 17:55 UTC

CWE

CWE-601 - URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect')

Assigner

wikimedia-foundation mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418431
https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/q/I7a59cc4c351b5aa…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
The Wikimedia Foundation	Mediawiki - UrlShortener Extension	Affected: * , < 1.43.9, 1.44.6, 1.45.4 (semver)

Credits

Krinkle DAlangi_WMF

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-58450 (GCVE-0-2026-58450)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 21:07 – Updated: 2026-07-14 22:03 X_Open Source

Title

Invoice Ninja 5.13.26 - Open Redirect in Client Portal Login via intended Parameter

Summary

Invoice Ninja through 5.13.26 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the client portal login that allows unauthenticated attackers to redirect authenticated victims to attacker-controlled external URLs by injecting a malicious value into the intended query parameter. Attackers can craft a client login link with an external URL in the intended parameter, which is stored in the session without host validation and emitted verbatim via a bare redirect in the ContactLoginController authenticated() handler after the victim completes a legitimate login, enabling phishing attacks.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-01 13:48 UTC

CWE

CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Assigner

VulnCheck mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/invoiceninja/invoiceninja/issu…	technical-descriptionexploit
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/invoice-ninj…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
invoiceninja	invoiceninja	Affected: 0 , ≤ 5.13.26 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:invoiceninja:invoice_ninja::::::::

Date Public

2026-06-17 00:00

Credits

George Chen

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-58230 (GCVE-0-2026-58230)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-11 00:12 – Updated: 2026-08-11 14:32

Title

Multiple vulnerabilities in SAP Business AI Platform (Approuter)

Summary

SAP Approuter does not sufficiently validate certain token content under specific configurations. An unauthenticated attacker could send a specially crafted token to cause sensitive credential material to be sent to an attacker-controlled destination. The attack complexity is high due to non-default preconditions required in the target environment. This results in a high impact on confidentiality and a low impact on integrity and availability.

Severity

7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-11 13:23 UTC

CWE

CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site

Assigner

sap mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://me.sap.com/notes/3786038
https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
SAP_SE	SAP Business AI Platform (Approuter)	Affected: SAP Approuter node.js package < 23.0.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-56697 (GCVE-0-2026-56697)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 21:04 – Updated: 2026-06-23 13:51

Title

Nuxt - Open Redirect via Protocol-Relative Paths in reloadNuxtApp

Summary

Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 accept protocol-relative paths such as //evil.com in the reloadNuxtApp function; these pass the script-protocol check but resolve to a cross-origin URL against the current page protocol. Attackers can inject paths like //evil.com to redirect users to attacker-controlled hosts, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

6.1 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-23 13:49 UTC

CWE

CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Assigner

VulnCheck mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/…	vendor-advisory
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/e447a793c4776…	patch
https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/6497d99dd1062…	patch
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nuxt-open-re…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Nuxt	Nuxt	Affected: 4.0.0 , < 4.4.7 (semver) Unaffected: 4.4.7 (semver)
Nuxt	Nuxt	Affected: 0 , < 3.21.7 (semver) Unaffected: 3.21.7 (semver)

Date Public

2026-06-02 00:00

Credits

alcls01111

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
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      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-601",
              "description": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-06-22T21:04:53.038Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-c9cv-mq2m-ppp3)",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/GHSA-c9cv-mq2m-ppp3"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/e447a793c47766834f7497f8412a76cd56fd8ee1",
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          "url": "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/6497d99dd106254abd089f6a263d7773869a343b"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: Nuxt - Open Redirect via Protocol-Relative Paths in reloadNuxtApp",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nuxt-open-redirect-via-protocol-relative-paths-in-reloadnuxtapp"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Nuxt - Open Redirect via Protocol-Relative Paths in reloadNuxtApp",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
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    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-56697",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-22T21:04:53.038Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-22T17:09:16.556Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-23T13:51:01.421Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation MIT-5

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.

Mitigation MIT-21.2

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).

Mitigation MIT-6

Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.

Mitigation MIT-29

Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing

An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.

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