Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-601

Allowed

URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.

2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-54196 (GCVE-0-2025-54196)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-14 21:53 – Updated: 2026-04-28 02:15
VLAI
Title
Adobe Connect | URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') (CWE-601)
Summary
Adobe Connect versions 12.9 and earlier are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must click on a crafted link.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') (CWE-601)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Adobe Adobe Connect Affected: 0 , ≤ 12.9 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-10-14 17:00
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2025-54066 (GCVE-0-2025-54066)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-17 14:44 – Updated: 2025-07-17 20:03
VLAI
Title
DiracX-Web login page has Open Redirect vulnerability
Summary
DiracX-Web is a web application that provides an interface to interact with the DiracX services. Prior to version 0.1.0-a8, an attacker can forge a request that they can pass to redirect an authenticated user to another arbitrary website. In the login page, DiracX-Web has a `redirect` field which is the location where the server will redirect the user. This URI is not verified, and can be an arbitrary URI. Paired with a parameter pollution, an attacker can hide their malicious URI. This could be used for phishing, and extract new data (such as redirecting to a new "log in" page, and asking another time credentials). Version 0.1.0-a8 fixes this vulnerability.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
DIRACGrid diracx-web Affected: < 0.1.0-a8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-53821 (GCVE-0-2025-53821)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-14 22:16 – Updated: 2025-07-15 19:50
VLAI
Title
WeGIA vulnerable to Open Redirect in endpoint 'control.php' parameter 'nextPage'
Summary
WeGIA is an open source web manager with a focus on the Portuguese language and charitable institutions. An Open Redirect vulnerability exists in the web application prior to version 3.4.5. The control.php endpoint allows to specify an arbitrary URL via the `nextPage` parameter, leading to an uncontrolled redirection. Version 3.4.5 contains a fix for the issue.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
LabRedesCefetRJ WeGIA Affected: < 3.4.5
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-53535 (GCVE-0-2025-53535)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-07 17:15 – Updated: 2025-07-07 17:48
VLAI
Title
Better Auth has an Open Redirect Vulnerability in originCheck Middleware Affecting Multiple Routes
Summary
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. An open redirect has been found in the originCheck middleware function, which affects the following routes: /verify-email, /reset-password/:token, /delete-user/callback, /magic-link/verify, /oauth-proxy-callback. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.2.10.
Severity
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
better-auth better-auth Affected: < 1.2.10
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-52897 (GCVE-0-2025-52897)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-30 14:07 – Updated: 2025-07-30 19:28
VLAI
Title
GLPI is vulnerable to XSS and open redirection attacks through planning feature
Summary
GLPI is a Free Asset and IT Management Software package. In versions 9.1.0 through 10.0.18, an unauthenticated user can send a malicious link to attempt a phishing attack from the planning feature. This is fixed in version 10.0.19.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-80 - Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS)
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
glpi-project glpi Affected: >= 9.1.0, < 10.0.19
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2025-52552 (GCVE-0-2025-52552)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-21 02:15 – Updated: 2025-06-23 17:42
VLAI
Title
FastGPT LastRoute Parameter on Login Page Vulnerable to Open Redirect and DOM-based XSS
Summary
FastGPT is an AI Agent building platform. Prior to version 4.9.12, the LastRoute Parameter on login page is vulnerable to open redirect and DOM-based XSS. Improper validation and lack of sanitization of this parameter allows attackers execute malicious JavaScript or redirect them to attacker-controlled sites. This issue has been patched in version 4.9.12.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
labring FastGPT Affected: < 4.9.12
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-50182 (GCVE-0-2025-50182)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-19 01:42 – Updated: 2025-12-22 18:43
VLAI
Title
urllib3 does not control redirects in browsers and Node.js
Summary
urllib3 is a user-friendly HTTP client library for Python. Starting in version 2.2.0 and prior to 2.5.0, urllib3 does not control redirects in browsers and Node.js. urllib3 supports being used in a Pyodide runtime utilizing the JavaScript Fetch API or falling back on XMLHttpRequest. This means Python libraries can be used to make HTTP requests from a browser or Node.js. Additionally, urllib3 provides a mechanism to control redirects, but the retries and redirect parameters are ignored with Pyodide; the runtime itself determines redirect behavior. This issue has been patched in version 2.5.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
urllib3 urllib3 Affected: >= 2.2.0, < 2.5.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-50181 (GCVE-0-2025-50181)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-19 01:08 – Updated: 2025-12-22 18:44
VLAI
Title
urllib3 redirects are not disabled when retries are disabled on PoolManager instantiation
Summary
urllib3 is a user-friendly HTTP client library for Python. Prior to 2.5.0, it is possible to disable redirects for all requests by instantiating a PoolManager and specifying retries in a way that disable redirects. By default, requests and botocore users are not affected. An application attempting to mitigate SSRF or open redirect vulnerabilities by disabling redirects at the PoolManager level will remain vulnerable. This issue has been patched in version 2.5.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
urllib3 urllib3 Affected: < 2.5.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-49868 (GCVE-0-2025-49868)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-17 15:01 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:13
VLAI
Title
WordPress Automation By Autonami plugin <= 3.6.0 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
Summary
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Aman FunnelKit Automations wp-marketing-automations allows Phishing.This issue affects FunnelKit Automations: from n/a through <= 3.6.0.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Aman FunnelKit Automations Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.6.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:41
Credits
LVT-tholv2k | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-49592 (GCVE-0-2025-49592)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-26 19:45 – Updated: 2025-06-26 19:57
VLAI
Title
n8n Login Flow has Open Redirect Vulnerability
Summary
n8n is a workflow automation platform. Versions prior to 1.98.0 have an Open Redirect vulnerability in the login flow. Authenticated users can be redirected to untrusted, attacker-controlled domains after logging in, by crafting malicious URLs with a misleading redirect query parameter. This may lead to phishing attacks by impersonating the n8n UI on lookalike domains (e.g., n8n.local.evil.com), credential or 2FA theft if users are tricked into re-entering sensitive information, and/or reputation risk due to the visual similarity between attacker-controlled domains and trusted ones. The vulnerability affects anyone hosting n8n and exposing the `/signin` endpoint to users. The issue has been patched in version 1.98.0. All users should upgrade to this version or later. The fix introduces strict origin validation for redirect URLs, ensuring only same-origin or relative paths are allowed after login.
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n8n-io n8n Affected: < 1.98.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.

Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).

Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
  • Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing

An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.

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