Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-601

Allowed

URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.

2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-VGVM-XPJ2-2874

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:17 – Updated: 2024-11-26 18:38
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of HTTP request parameters. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting and modifying an HTTP request from a user. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect the user to a specific malicious web page.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-3311"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-05-06T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of HTTP request parameters. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting and modifying an HTTP request from a user. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect the user to a specific malicious web page.",
  "id": "GHSA-vgvm-xpj2-2874",
  "modified": "2024-11-26T18:38:40Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:17:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3311"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-fmc-webredirect-TcFgd42y"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VH2X-V69V-XPX5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:45 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:45
VLAI
Details

Open redirect vulnerability in Opsview Monitor Pro (Prior to 5.1.0.162300841, prior to 5.0.2.27475, prior to 4.6.4.162391051, and 4.5.x without a certain 2016 security patch) allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via the back parameter to the /login URI.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-10368"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-05-03T10:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Open redirect vulnerability in Opsview Monitor Pro (Prior to 5.1.0.162300841, prior to 5.0.2.27475, prior to 4.6.4.162391051, and 4.5.x without a certain 2016 security patch) allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via the back parameter to the /login URI.",
  "id": "GHSA-vh2x-v69v-xpx5",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:45:15Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:45:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10368"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.trustwave.com/Resources/Security-Advisories/Advisories/TWSL2016-016/?fid=8341"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VHC3-GRF5-FM28

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:24
VLAI
Details

ASH-AIO before 2.0.0.3 allows an open redirect.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-1020016"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-07-29T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "ASH-AIO before 2.0.0.3 allows an open redirect.",
  "id": "GHSA-vhc3-grf5-fm28",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:24:17Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:51:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ASHTeam/ash-aio-2/security/advisories/GHSA-cg3m-qj5v-8g48"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1020016"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VHJ5-X93P-67JW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-11 00:29 – Updated: 2026-03-11 00:29
VLAI
Summary
actix-web-lab has host header poisoning in redirect middleware can generate attacker-controlled absolute redirects
Details

Summary

actix-web-lab redirect middleware uses request-derived host information to construct absolute redirect URLs (for example, https://{hostname}{path}). In deployments without strict host allowlisting, an attacker can supply a malicious Host header and poison the Location response header, causing open redirect/phishing behavior.

CVE

Assigned CVE ID: CVE-2025-63762

Details

The issue is in redirect middleware paths that construct absolute URLs from req.connection_info():

  1. actix-web-lab/src/redirect_to_https.rs (around lines 119-132)
  2. let host = conn_info.host();
  3. format!("https://{hostname}{path}")

  4. format!("https://{hostname}:{port}{path}")

  5. actix-web-lab/src/redirect_to_www.rs (around lines 30-35)

  6. format!("{scheme}://www.{host}{path}")

  7. actix-web-lab/src/redirect_to_non_www.rs (around lines 30-34)

  8. format!("{scheme}://{host_no_www}{path}")

Because host values come from request connection metadata, untrusted Host input can influence redirect targets when deployment-side host validation is missing.

PoC

Environment used for validation: - Local minimal Actix apps using actix-web-lab middleware - RedirectHttps: http://127.0.0.1:18080 - redirect_to_www: http://127.0.0.1:18081 - redirect_to_non_www: http://127.0.0.1:18082

Reproduction (RedirectHttps):

curl.exe -i -s "http://127.0.0.1:18080/test" -H "Host: attacker.example"

Observed response:

HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect
location: https://attacker.example/test

Additional verification:

curl.exe -i -s "http://127.0.0.1:18080/abc/def" -H "Host: evil.example:9999"

Observed response:

HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect
location: https://evil.example/abc/def

Reproduction (redirect_to_www):

curl.exe -i -s "http://127.0.0.1:18081/hello" -H "Host: attacker.example"

Observed response:

HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect
location: http://www.attacker.example/hello

Reproduction (redirect_to_non_www):

curl.exe -i -s "http://127.0.0.1:18082/path" -H "Host: www.attacker.example"

Observed response:

HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect
location: http://attacker.example/path

Impact

This is a Host header poisoning / open redirect issue. Users can be redirected to attacker-controlled domains, enabling phishing and trust-boundary abuse. Any application using these middleware paths without strict host validation (proxy/app allowlisting) is impacted.

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.25.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "actix-web-lab"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.26.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-11T00:29:17Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n`actix-web-lab` redirect middleware uses request-derived host information to construct absolute redirect URLs (for example, `https://{hostname}{path}`). In deployments without strict host allowlisting, an attacker can supply a malicious Host header and poison the `Location` response header, causing open redirect/phishing behavior.\n\n### CVE\nAssigned CVE ID:  CVE-2025-63762\n\n### Details\nThe issue is in redirect middleware paths that construct absolute URLs from `req.connection_info()`:\n\n1. `actix-web-lab/src/redirect_to_https.rs` (around lines 119-132)\n   - `let host = conn_info.host();`\n   - `format!(\"https://{hostname}{path}\")`\n   - `format!(\"https://{hostname}:{port}{path}\")`\n\n2. `actix-web-lab/src/redirect_to_www.rs` (around lines 30-35)\n   - `format!(\"{scheme}://www.{host}{path}\")`\n\n3. `actix-web-lab/src/redirect_to_non_www.rs` (around lines 30-34)\n   - `format!(\"{scheme}://{host_no_www}{path}\")`\n\nBecause host values come from request connection metadata, untrusted Host input can influence redirect targets when deployment-side host validation is missing.\n\n### PoC\nEnvironment used for validation:\n- Local minimal Actix apps using `actix-web-lab` middleware\n- RedirectHttps: `http://127.0.0.1:18080`\n- redirect_to_www: `http://127.0.0.1:18081`\n- redirect_to_non_www: `http://127.0.0.1:18082`\n\nReproduction (RedirectHttps):\n```bash\ncurl.exe -i -s \"http://127.0.0.1:18080/test\" -H \"Host: attacker.example\"\n```\n\nObserved response:\n```http\nHTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect\nlocation: https://attacker.example/test\n```\n\nAdditional verification:\n```bash\ncurl.exe -i -s \"http://127.0.0.1:18080/abc/def\" -H \"Host: evil.example:9999\"\n```\n\nObserved response:\n```http\nHTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect\nlocation: https://evil.example/abc/def\n```\n\nReproduction (redirect_to_www):\n```bash\ncurl.exe -i -s \"http://127.0.0.1:18081/hello\" -H \"Host: attacker.example\"\n```\n\nObserved response:\n```http\nHTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect\nlocation: http://www.attacker.example/hello\n```\n\nReproduction (redirect_to_non_www):\n```bash\ncurl.exe -i -s \"http://127.0.0.1:18082/path\" -H \"Host: www.attacker.example\"\n```\n\nObserved response:\n```http\nHTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect\nlocation: http://attacker.example/path\n```\n\n### Impact\nThis is a Host header poisoning / open redirect issue. Users can be redirected to attacker-controlled domains, enabling phishing and trust-boundary abuse. Any application using these middleware paths without strict host validation (proxy/app allowlisting) is impacted.",
  "id": "GHSA-vhj5-x93p-67jw",
  "modified": "2026-03-11T00:29:17Z",
  "published": "2026-03-11T00:29:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/robjtede/actix-web-lab/security/advisories/GHSA-vhj5-x93p-67jw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/robjtede/actix-web-lab/pull/292"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/robjtede/actix-web-lab/commit/142c28b82eb59b67445a859a2a9b75e01a9964ee"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/robjtede/actix-web-lab"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "actix-web-lab has host header poisoning in redirect middleware can generate attacker-controlled absolute redirects"
}

GHSA-VHPH-XPG2-FJGW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:45
VLAI
Details

An open redirect vulnerability in Ilch CMS version 2.1.42 allows attackers to redirect users to an attacker's site after a successful login.

Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-27352"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-03-29T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An open redirect vulnerability in Ilch CMS version 2.1.42 allows attackers to redirect users to an attacker\u0027s site after a successful login.",
  "id": "GHSA-vhph-xpg2-fjgw",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:45:38Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:45:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27352"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kSDlPASBCgJEINxTSIsjMWrU4u4T5XCc/view?usp=sharing"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xoffense/POC/blob/main/Ilch%202.1.42%20Open%20redirect"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://s1.demo.opensourcecms.com/ilch"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ilch.de"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.opensourcecms.com/ilch"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-VHW5-3G5M-8GGF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-03 19:15 – Updated: 2026-02-03 22:15
VLAI
Summary
Claude Code has a Domain Validation Bypass which Allows Automatic Requests to Attacker-Controlled Domains
Details

Claude Code contained insufficient URL validation in its trusted domain verification mechanism for WebFetch requests. The application used a startsWith() function to validate trusted domains (e.g., docs.python.org, modelcontextprotocol.io), this could have enabled attackers to register domains like modelcontextprotocol.io.example.com that would pass validation. This could enable automatic requests to attacker-controlled domains without user consent, potentially leading to data exfiltration.

Users on standard Claude Code auto-update have received this fix already. Users performing manual updates are advised to update to the latest version.

Thank you to hackerone.com/47sid-praetorian for reporting this issue!

Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@anthropic-ai/claude-code"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.111"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24052"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-03T19:15:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-03T21:16:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Claude Code contained insufficient URL validation in its trusted domain verification mechanism for WebFetch requests. The application used a `startsWith()` function to validate trusted domains (e.g., `docs.python.org`, `modelcontextprotocol.io`), this could have enabled attackers to register domains like `modelcontextprotocol.io.example.com` that would pass validation. This could enable automatic requests to attacker-controlled domains without user consent, potentially leading to data exfiltration. \n\nUsers on standard Claude Code auto-update have received this fix already. Users performing manual updates are advised to update to the latest version.\n\nThank you to hackerone.com/47sid-praetorian for reporting this issue!",
  "id": "GHSA-vhw5-3g5m-8ggf",
  "modified": "2026-02-03T22:15:32Z",
  "published": "2026-02-03T19:15:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/security/advisories/GHSA-vhw5-3g5m-8ggf"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24052"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Claude Code has a Domain Validation Bypass which Allows Automatic Requests to Attacker-Controlled Domains"
}

GHSA-VJ26-HH8V-H6GR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-24 00:00 – Updated: 2024-02-28 00:02
VLAI
Details

Dell EMC CloudLink 7.1 and all prior versions contain a HTML and Javascript Injection Vulnerability. A remote low privileged attacker, may potentially exploit this vulnerability, directing end user to arbitrary and potentially malicious websites.

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-36332"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-11-23T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Dell EMC CloudLink 7.1 and all prior versions contain a HTML and Javascript Injection Vulnerability. A remote low privileged attacker, may potentially exploit this vulnerability, directing end user to arbitrary and potentially malicious websites.",
  "id": "GHSA-vj26-hh8v-h6gr",
  "modified": "2024-02-28T00:02:45Z",
  "published": "2021-11-24T00:00:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36332"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000193031/https-dellservices-lightning-force-com-one-one-app"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VJ4G-QPP7-2F4F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-04 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-04 21:30
VLAI
Details

Microsoft 7 Tik 1.0.1.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows attackers to crash the application by submitting excessively long input strings to the search functionality. Attackers can paste a buffer of 7700 characters into the search bar to trigger an application crash.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-25245"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-04T14:16:20Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Microsoft 7 Tik 1.0.1.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows attackers to crash the application by submitting excessively long input strings to the search functionality. Attackers can paste a buffer of 7700 characters into the search bar to trigger an application crash.",
  "id": "GHSA-vj4g-qpp7-2f4f",
  "modified": "2026-04-04T21:30:27Z",
  "published": "2026-04-04T15:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-25245"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46197"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/store/productId/9NQL2QC8S935"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/7-tik-denial-of-service-via-search"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/microsoft-7-tik-denial-of-service-via-search"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VJ52-JGG8-WG96

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-11 00:02
VLAI
Details

Open redirect vulnerability in GroupSession Free edition ver5.1.1 and earlier, GroupSession byCloud ver5.1.1 and earlier, and GroupSession ZION ver5.1.1 and earlier allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks by having a user to access a specially crafted URL.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-20875"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-24T07:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Open redirect vulnerability in GroupSession Free edition ver5.1.1 and earlier, GroupSession byCloud ver5.1.1 and earlier, and GroupSession ZION ver5.1.1 and earlier allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks by having a user to access a specially crafted URL.",
  "id": "GHSA-vj52-jgg8-wg96",
  "modified": "2022-01-11T00:02:14Z",
  "published": "2021-12-25T00:00:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20875"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groupsession.jp/info/info-news/security20211220"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN79798166/index.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-VJG6-28MM-FV75

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:19 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:19
VLAI
Details

An open redirect vulnerability exists in Replicated Classic versions prior to 2.53.1 that could lead to spoofing. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker could send a link that has a specially crafted URL and convince the user to click the link, redirecting the user to an untrusted site.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-43058"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-11-01T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An open redirect vulnerability exists in Replicated Classic versions prior to 2.53.1 that could lead to spoofing. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker could send a link that has a specially crafted URL and convince the user to click the link, redirecting the user to an untrusted site.",
  "id": "GHSA-vjg6-28mm-fv75",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:19:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:19:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43058"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.replicated.com/security/advisories/CVE-2021-43058"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.

Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).

Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
  • Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing

An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.

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