CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1820 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4V9W-CHQG-3PGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-11 18:30 – Updated: 2024-11-01 21:31An issue was discovered in Kape CyberGhostVPN 8.4.3.12823 on Windows. After a successful logout, user credentials remain in memory while the process is still open, and can be obtained by dumping the process memory and parsing it.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-26330"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-11T17:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Kape CyberGhostVPN 8.4.3.12823 on Windows. After a successful logout, user credentials remain in memory while the process is still open, and can be obtained by dumping the process memory and parsing it.",
"id": "GHSA-4v9w-chqg-3pgp",
"modified": "2024-11-01T21:31:46Z",
"published": "2024-06-11T18:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-26330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.secuvera.de/advisories/secuvera-SA-2024-04.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.secuvera.de/advisories/secuvera-SA-2024-04.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4VF8-CQMH-J4F2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-10 21:30 – Updated: 2024-12-11 18:30TP-Link TL-WR845N(UN)_V4_201214, TL-WR845N(UN)_V4_200909 and TL-WR845N(UN)_V4_190219 were discovered to contain weak default credentials for the Administrator account.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-50699"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-10T19:15:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TP-Link TL-WR845N(UN)_V4_201214, TL-WR845N(UN)_V4_200909 and TL-WR845N(UN)_V4_190219 were discovered to contain weak default credentials for the Administrator account.",
"id": "GHSA-4vf8-cqmh-j4f2",
"modified": "2024-12-11T18:30:42Z",
"published": "2024-12-10T21:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50699"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.iiita.ac.in/iot/base64-authorization.docx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.iiita.ac.in/iot/password-reset-missing-tplink.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4VM6-5RVV-5JFP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-04 18:31 – Updated: 2024-11-05 18:32Insufficiently protected credentials in SMTP server settings in 1C-Bitrix Bitrix24 23.300.100 allows remote administrators to send SMTP account passwords to an arbitrary server via HTTP POST request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-34882"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-04T18:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficiently protected credentials in SMTP server settings in 1C-Bitrix Bitrix24 23.300.100 allows remote administrators to send SMTP account passwords to an arbitrary server via HTTP POST request.",
"id": "GHSA-4vm6-5rvv-5jfp",
"modified": "2024-11-05T18:32:05Z",
"published": "2024-11-04T18:31:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34882"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DrieVlad/BitrixVulns"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://bitrix24.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4VV4-JWQC-29HW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01In Zoho ManageEngine Password Manager Pro before 11.1 build 11104, attackers are able to retrieve credentials via a browser extension for non-website resource types.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31857"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-16T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Zoho ManageEngine Password Manager Pro before 11.1 build 11104, attackers are able to retrieve credentials via a browser extension for non-website resource types.",
"id": "GHSA-4vv4-jwqc-29hw",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:05:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.manageengine.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.manageengine.com/products/passwordmanagerpro/release-notes.html#pmp11104"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4VV5-FG3J-73P8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-07 12:30 – Updated: 2025-05-07 12:30IBM Sterling Partner Engagement Manager 6.1.0, 6.2.0, 6.2.2 JWT secret is stored in public Helm Charts and is not stored as a Kubernetes secret.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-33093"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-260",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-07T11:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Sterling Partner Engagement Manager 6.1.0, 6.2.0, 6.2.2 JWT secret is stored in public Helm Charts and is not stored as a Kubernetes secret.",
"id": "GHSA-4vv5-fg3j-73p8",
"modified": "2025-05-07T12:30:33Z",
"published": "2025-05-07T12:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-33093"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7232762"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4VVX-W2JG-W5CM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-05 00:29 – Updated: 2023-02-02 21:34CloudForms stores user passwords in recoverable format
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-4423"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-04T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "CloudForms stores user passwords in recoverable format",
"id": "GHSA-4vvx-w2jg-w5cm",
"modified": "2023-02-02T21:34:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-05T00:29:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-4423"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHEA-2013:1487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2013-4423"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1018345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2013-4423"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4W2G-JGPV-WC89
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:44 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:44IBM Cognos Analytics 11.0 could store cached credentials locally that could be obtained by a local user. IBM X-Force ID: 136824.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1779"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-01-29T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Cognos Analytics 11.0 could store cached credentials locally that could be obtained by a local user. IBM X-Force ID: 136824.",
"id": "GHSA-4w2g-jgpv-wc89",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:44:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:44:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1779"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/136824"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190329-0003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190401-0003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22011561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102858"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040299"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4W45-XX62-4547
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:30 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:30If an attacker intercepts Thunderbird's initial attempt to perform automatic account setup using the Microsoft Exchange autodiscovery mechanism, and the attacker sends a crafted response, then Thunderbird sends username and password over https to a server controlled by the attacker. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 68.10.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15646"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-08T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "If an attacker intercepts Thunderbird\u0027s initial attempt to perform automatic account setup using the Microsoft Exchange autodiscovery mechanism, and the attacker sends a crafted response, then Thunderbird sends username and password over https to a server controlled by the attacker. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird \u003c 68.10.0.",
"id": "GHSA-4w45-xx62-4547",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:30:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15646"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1606610"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-26"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4X4W-JMR3-WW84
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:03IBM Cognos Analytics 11.0 and 11.1 could allow a remote attacker to obtain credentials from a user's browser via incorrect autocomplete settings in New Data Server Connection page. IBM X-Force ID: 172129.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-4723"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-01T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Cognos Analytics 11.0 and 11.1 could allow a remote attacker to obtain credentials from a user\u0027s browser via incorrect autocomplete settings in New Data Server Connection page. IBM X-Force ID: 172129.",
"id": "GHSA-4x4w-jmr3-ww84",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:03:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-4723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/172129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210622-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6451705"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4XQV-47RM-37MM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-02 19:29 – Updated: 2024-11-13 23:24Summary
OpenC3 COSMOS stores the password of a user unencrypted in the LocalStorage of a web browser. This makes the user password susceptible to exfiltration via Cross-site scripting (see GHSL-2024-128).
Note: This CVE only affects Open Source edition, and not OpenC3 COSMOS Enterprise Edition
Impact
This issue may lead to Information Disclosure.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "openc3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.19.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@openc3/tool-common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.19.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "openc3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.19.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47529"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-312",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-02T19:29:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-02T20:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nOpenC3 COSMOS stores the password of a user unencrypted in the LocalStorage of a web browser. This makes the user password susceptible to exfiltration via Cross-site scripting (see GHSL-2024-128).\n\nNote: This CVE only affects Open Source edition, and not OpenC3 COSMOS Enterprise Edition\n\n### Impact\nThis issue may lead to Information Disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-4xqv-47rm-37mm",
"modified": "2024-11-13T23:24:16Z",
"published": "2024-10-02T19:29:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/security/advisories/GHSA-4xqv-47rm-37mm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47529"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/commit/b5ab34fe7fa54c0c8171c4aa3caf4e03d6f63bd7"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/openc3/PYSEC-2024-121.yaml"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-127_GHSL-2024-129_OpenC3_COSMOS"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenC3 stores passwords in clear text (`GHSL-2024-129`)"
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.