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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-522

Allowed-with-Review

Insufficiently Protected Credentials

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.

1938 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-3GW5-G9JG-7W5W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-04 21:31 – Updated: 2025-12-05 21:30
VLAI
Details

Waveshare RS232/485 TO WIFI ETH (B) Serial to Ethernet/Wi-Fi Gateway Firmware V3.1.1.0: HW 4.3.2.1: Webpage V7.04T.07.002880.0301 was discovered to render the Administrator password in plaintext.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-63361"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-04T19:16:04Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Waveshare RS232/485 TO WIFI ETH (B) Serial to Ethernet/Wi-Fi Gateway Firmware V3.1.1.0: HW 4.3.2.1: Webpage V7.04T.07.002880.0301 was discovered to render the Administrator password in plaintext.",
  "id": "GHSA-3gw5-g9jg-7w5w",
  "modified": "2025-12-05T21:30:23Z",
  "published": "2025-12-04T21:31:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63361"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AGv9KWMTB71NJfIOncuNO6FyK0UAqxmL/view?usp=sharing"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://otsecverse.github.io/OTSecVerse/posts/Post-1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3H7W-W4QF-F3PR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:10
VLAI
Details

In JetBrains Hub versions earlier than 2018.4.11298, the audit events for SMTPSettings show a cleartext password to the admin user. It is only relevant in cases where a password has not changed since 2017, and if the audit log still contains events from before that period.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-12847"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-07-03T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In JetBrains Hub versions earlier than 2018.4.11298, the audit events for SMTPSettings show a cleartext password to the admin user. It is only relevant in cases where a password has not changed since 2017, and if the audit log still contains events from before that period.",
  "id": "GHSA-3h7w-w4qf-f3pr",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:10:08Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:49:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12847"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.jetbrains.com/blog/2019/06/19/jetbrains-security-bulletin-q1-2019"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3HWC-RQWP-V36Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-09 18:31 – Updated: 2025-02-13 19:15
VLAI
Summary
Apache Solr can leak certain passwords due to System Property redaction logic inconsistencies
Details

Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability in Apache Solr.

This issue affects Apache Solr from 6.0.0 through 8.11.2, from 9.0.0 before 9.3.0. One of the two endpoints that publishes the Solr process' Java system properties, /admin/info/properties, was only setup to hide system properties that had "password" contained in the name. There are a number of sensitive system properties, such as "basicauth" and "aws.secretKey" do not contain "password", thus their values were published via the "/admin/info/properties" endpoint. This endpoint populates the list of System Properties on the home screen of the Solr Admin page, making the exposed credentials visible in the UI.

This /admin/info/properties endpoint is protected under the "config-read" permission. Therefore, Solr Clouds with Authorization enabled will only be vulnerable through logged-in users that have the "config-read" permission. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.3.0 or 8.11.3, both of which fix the issue. A single option now controls hiding Java system property for all endpoints, "-Dsolr.hiddenSysProps". By default all known sensitive properties are hidden (including "-Dbasicauth"), as well as any property with a name containing "secret" or "password".

Users who cannot upgrade can also use the following Java system property to fix the issue:   -Dsolr.redaction.system.pattern=.*(password|secret|basicauth).*

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.solr:solr-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.11.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.solr:solr-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-50291"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-09T21:43:19Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-09T18:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability in Apache Solr.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Solr from 6.0.0 through 8.11.2, from 9.0.0 before 9.3.0.\nOne of the two endpoints that publishes the Solr process\u0027 Java system properties, /admin/info/properties, was only setup to hide system properties that had \"password\" contained in the name.\nThere are a number of sensitive system properties, such as \"basicauth\" and \"aws.secretKey\" do not contain \"password\", thus their values were published via the \"/admin/info/properties\" endpoint.\nThis endpoint populates the list of System Properties on the home screen of the Solr Admin page, making the exposed credentials visible in the UI.\n\nThis /admin/info/properties endpoint is protected under the \"config-read\" permission.\nTherefore, Solr Clouds with Authorization enabled will only be vulnerable through logged-in users that have the \"config-read\" permission.\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 9.3.0 or 8.11.3, both of which fix the issue.\nA single option now controls hiding Java system property for all endpoints, \"-Dsolr.hiddenSysProps\".\nBy default all known sensitive properties are hidden (including \"-Dbasicauth\"), as well as any property with a name containing \"secret\" or \"password\".\n\nUsers who cannot upgrade can also use the following Java system property to fix the issue:\n\u00a0 `-Dsolr.redaction.system.pattern=.*(password|secret|basicauth).*`",
  "id": "GHSA-3hwc-rqwp-v36q",
  "modified": "2025-02-13T19:15:10Z",
  "published": "2024-02-09T18:31:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50291"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/solr/commit/659021c7d50164a3166887f24875228431b02102"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/solr/commit/98c198810f2cd934d23d0d80aadb570a2bbb3b8e"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/solr"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SOLR-16809"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://solr.apache.org/security.html#cve-2023-50291-apache-solr-can-leak-certain-passwords-due-to-system-property-redaction-logic-inconsistencies"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/02/09/4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Solr can leak certain passwords due to System Property redaction logic inconsistencies"
}

GHSA-3J78-GC32-CR37

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-10-25 12:00
VLAI
Details

Dell EMC Integrated System for Microsoft Azure Stack Hub, versions 1906 – 2011, contain an undocumented default iDRAC account. A remote unauthenticated attacker, with the knowledge of the default credentials, could potentially exploit this to log in to the system to gain root privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-21505"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1188",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-06T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Dell EMC Integrated System for Microsoft Azure Stack Hub, versions 1906 \u2013 2011, contain an undocumented default iDRAC account. A remote unauthenticated attacker, with the knowledge of the default credentials, could potentially exploit this to log in to the system to gain root privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-3j78-gc32-cr37",
  "modified": "2022-10-25T12:00:15Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T22:28:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21505"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000186008/dsa-2021-020-dell-emc-integrated-system-for-microsoft-azure-stack-hub-security-update-for-an-idrac-undocumented-account-vulnerability"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3M3J-3MX3-JMXC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-13 18:30 – Updated: 2025-01-14 12:31
VLAI
Details

Affected devices store the CLI user passwords encrypted in flash memory. Attackers with physical access to the device could retrieve the file and decrypt the CLI user passwords.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-46142"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-257",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-13T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Affected devices store the CLI user passwords encrypted in flash memory. Attackers with physical access to the device could retrieve the file and decrypt the CLI user passwords.",
  "id": "GHSA-3m3j-3mx3-jmxc",
  "modified": "2025-01-14T12:31:47Z",
  "published": "2022-12-13T18:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46142"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-413565.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-413565.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3MF8-7QV9-PQPH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-31 00:30 – Updated: 2023-02-07 21:30
VLAI
Details

A CWE-522: Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability exists that could result in unwanted access to a DCE instance when performed over a network by a malicious third-party. This CVE is unique from CVE-2022-32518. Affected Products: Data Center Expert (Versions prior to V7.9.0)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-32520"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-30T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A CWE-522: Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability exists that could result in unwanted access to a DCE instance when performed over a network by a malicious third-party. This CVE is unique from CVE-2022-32518. Affected Products: Data Center Expert (Versions prior to V7.9.0)",
  "id": "GHSA-3mf8-7qv9-pqph",
  "modified": "2023-02-07T21:30:24Z",
  "published": "2023-01-31T00:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32520"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_enDocType=Security+and+Safety+Notice\u0026p_File_Name=SEVD-2022-165-04_+Data_Center_Expert_Security_Notification.pdf\u0026p_Doc_Ref=SEVD-2022-165-04"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3MQ9-XHGQ-R7GJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-04 20:46 – Updated: 2026-02-04 20:46
VLAI
Summary
EVE: SSH as Root Unlockable Without Triggering Measured Boot
Details

Impact

On boot, the Pillar container checks for /config/authorized_keys. If present with a valid public key, it enables SSH on port 22 with root login. The /config partition is not protected by measured boot, is mutable and unencrypted.

This enables an attacker with physical access to the device to take out the disk, modify the /config partition using a separate server, then insert it, without the inserted key being flagged as an integrity voilation my measured boot and remote attestation.

Patches

Patched in 9.4.3-lts

Workarounds

None (apart from preventing physical access to the device)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/lf-edge/eve"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.0.0-20220708121648-5fef4d92e758"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-43631"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522",
      "CWE-922"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-04T20:46:16Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nOn boot, the Pillar container checks for /config/authorized_keys. If present with a valid public key, it enables SSH on port 22 with root login. The /config partition is not protected by measured boot, is mutable and unencrypted.\n\nThis enables an attacker with physical access to the device to take out the disk, modify the /config partition using a separate server, then insert it, without the inserted key being flagged as an integrity voilation my measured boot and remote attestation.\n\n### Patches\n\nPatched in 9.4.3-lts\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNone (apart from preventing physical access to the device)",
  "id": "GHSA-3mq9-xhgq-r7gj",
  "modified": "2026-02-04T20:46:16Z",
  "published": "2026-02-04T20:46:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lf-edge/eve/security/advisories/GHSA-3mq9-xhgq-r7gj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43631"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lf-edge/eve/commit/5fef4d92e75838cc78010edaed5247dfbdae1889"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/lf-edge/eve/commit/aa3501d6c57206ced222c33aea15a9169d629141"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://asrg.io/security-advisories/cve-2023-43631"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://asrg.io/security-advisories/ssh-as-root-unlockable-without-triggering-measured-boot"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/lf-edge/eve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "EVE: SSH as Root Unlockable Without Triggering Measured Boot"
}

GHSA-3MQC-6CQG-J6MM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-27 00:01
VLAI
Details

Konica Minolta bizhub MFP devices before 2022-04-14 have an internal Chromium browser that executes with root (aka superuser) access privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-29587"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-16T06:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Konica Minolta bizhub MFP devices before 2022-04-14 have an internal Chromium browser that executes with root (aka superuser) access privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-3mqc-6cqg-j6mm",
  "modified": "2022-05-27T00:01:04Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:01:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29587"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisory/sandbox-escape-with-root-access-clear-text-passwords-in-konica-minolta-bizhub-mfp-printer-terminals"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3MXM-3QX9-6GQ2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-10-22 12:00
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in Red Hat Quay, where it does not properly protect the authorization token when authorizing email addresses for repository email notifications. This flaw allows an attacker to add email addresses they do not own to repository notifications.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-27831"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-27T00:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in Red Hat Quay, where it does not properly protect the authorization token when authorizing email addresses for repository email notifications. This flaw allows an attacker to add email addresses they do not own to repository notifications.",
  "id": "GHSA-3mxm-3qx9-6gq2",
  "modified": "2022-10-22T12:00:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:03:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27831"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1905758"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3P4X-GRPM-XW58

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-06 12:30 – Updated: 2024-06-10 20:22
VLAI
Summary
Password hash exposed in CraftCMS two factor authentication plugin
Details

The CraftCMS plugin Two-Factor Authentication in versions 3.3.1, 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 discloses the password hash of the currently authenticated user after submitting a valid TOTP.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "born05/craft-twofactorauthentication"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.3.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.3.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-5657"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-06T19:13:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-06T11:15:49Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "The CraftCMS plugin Two-Factor Authentication in versions 3.3.1, 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 discloses the password hash of the currently authenticated user after submitting a valid TOTP.",
  "id": "GHSA-3p4x-grpm-xw58",
  "modified": "2024-06-10T20:22:12Z",
  "published": "2024-06-06T12:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5657"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/born05/craft-twofactorauthentication/commit/eb93bcb73037171dae8ca5cfa4c20e7e5748b73a"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/born05/craft-twofactorauthentication"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/born05/craft-twofactorauthentication/releases/tag/3.3.4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2024/SBA-ADV-20240202-01_CraftCMS_Plugin_Two-Factor_Authentication_Password_Hash_Disclosure"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.craftcms.com/two-factor-authentication?craft4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/06/06/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Password hash exposed in CraftCMS two factor authentication plugin"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft

An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.

CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation

An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.

CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting

Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials

This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.

CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.

CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing

An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.

CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.

CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)

An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.

CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.

CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.