Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-436
Allowed-with-ReviewInterpretation Conflict
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
Product A handles inputs or steps differently than Product B, which causes A to perform incorrect actions based on its perception of B's state.
199 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-66490 (GCVE-0-2025-66490)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 00:35 – Updated: 2025-12-09 16:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Traefik doesn't Prevent Path Normalization Bypass in Router + Middleware Rules
Summary
Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. For versions prior to 2.11.32 and 2.11.31 through 3.6.2, requests using PathPrefix, Path or PathRegex matchers can bypass path normalization. When Traefik uses path-based routing, requests containing URL-encoded restricted characters (/, \, Null, ;, ?, #) can bypass the middleware chain and reach unintended backends. For example, a request to http://mydomain.example.com/admin%2F could reach service-a without triggering my-security-middleware, bypassing security controls for the /admin/ path. This issue is fixed in versions 2.11.32 and 3.6.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-436 - Interpretation Conflict
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.4 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-54368 (GCVE-0-2025-54368)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-08 00:00 – Updated: 2025-08-08 17:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
uv is vulnerable to ZIP payload obfuscation through parsing differentials
Summary
uv is a Python package and project manager written in Rust. In versions 0.8.5 and earlier, remote ZIP archives were handled in a streamwise fashion, and file entries were not reconciled against the archive's central directory. An attacker could contrive a ZIP archive that would extract with legitimate contents on some package installers, and malicious contents on others due to multiple local file entries. An attacker could also contrive a "stacked" ZIP input with multiple internal ZIPs, which would be handled differently by different package installers. The attacker could choose which installer to target in both scenarios. This issue is fixed in version 0.8.6. To work around this issue, users may choose to set UV_INSECURE_NO_ZIP_VALIDATION=1 to revert to the previous behavior.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/commit/7f1eaf48c1… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://astral.sh/blog/uv-security-advisory-cve-2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://blog.pypi.org/posts/2025-08-07-wheel-arch… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-48384 (GCVE-0-2025-48384)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-08 18:23 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Git allows arbitrary code execution through broken config quoting
Summary
Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and full access to internals. When reading a config value, Git strips any trailing carriage return and line feed (CRLF). When writing a config entry, values with a trailing CR are not quoted, causing the CR to be lost when the config is later read. When initializing a submodule, if the submodule path contains a trailing CR, the altered path is read resulting in the submodule being checked out to an incorrect location. If a symlink exists that points the altered path to the submodule hooks directory, and the submodule contains an executable post-checkout hook, the script may be unintentionally executed after checkout. This vulnerability is fixed in v2.43.7, v2.44.4, v2.45.4, v2.46.4, v2.47.3, v2.48.2, v2.49.1, and v2.50.1.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-25292 (GCVE-0-2025-25292)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-12 20:53 – Updated: 2025-11-03 19:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Ruby SAML vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to namespace handling (parser differential)
Summary
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 contain a patch for the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
13 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/securit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-by… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-th… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-20… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2025031… | |
| https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519 | |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAML-Toolkits | ruby-saml |
Affected:
< 1.12.4
Affected: >= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0 |
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CVE-2025-25291 (GCVE-0-2025-25291)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-12 20:16 – Updated: 2025-11-03 19:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ruby-saml vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to DOCTYPE handling (parser differential)
Summary
ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
13 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/securit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patc… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-by… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-th… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-20… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2025031… | |
| https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519 | |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAML-Toolkits | ruby-saml |
Affected:
< 1.12.4
Affected: >= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0 |
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CVE-2025-24013 (GCVE-0-2025-24013)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-20 15:57 – Updated: 2025-01-21 14:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CodeIgniter validation of header name and value
Summary
CodeIgniter is a PHP full-stack web framework. Prior to 4.5.8, CodeIgniter lacked proper header validation for its name and value. The potential attacker can construct deliberately malformed headers with Header class. This could disrupt application functionality, potentially causing errors or generating invalid HTTP requests. In some cases, these malformed requests might lead to a DoS scenario if a remote service’s web application firewall interprets them as malicious and blocks further communication with the application. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.8.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-436 - Interpretation Conflict
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/secu… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/codeigniter4/CodeIgniter4/comm… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#sec… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-wxmh-65f7-jcvw | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| codeigniter4 | CodeIgniter4 |
Affected:
< 4.5.8
|
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CVE-2024-29034 (GCVE-0-2024-29034)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-24 19:27 – Updated: 2024-08-02 01:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CarrierWave's Content-Type allowlist bypass vulnerability which possibly leads to XSS remained
Summary
CarrierWave is a solution for file uploads for Rails, Sinatra and other Ruby web frameworks. The vulnerability CVE-2023-49090 wasn't fully addressed. This vulnerability is caused by the fact that when uploading to object storage, including Amazon S3, it is possible to set a Content-Type value that is interpreted by browsers to be different from what's allowed by `content_type_allowlist`, by providing multiple values separated by commas. This bypassed value can be used to cause XSS. Upgrade to 3.0.7 or 2.2.6.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/carrierwaveuploader/carrierwav… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/carrierwaveuploader/carrierwav… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| carrierwaveuploader | carrierwave |
Affected:
>= 3.0.0, < 3.0.7
Affected: < 2.2.6 |
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CVE-2024-24754 (GCVE-0-2024-24754)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-01 16:10 – Updated: 2025-05-15 19:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Bref Body Parsing Inconsistency in Event-Driven Functions
Summary
Bref enable serverless PHP on AWS Lambda. When Bref is used with the Event-Driven Function runtime and the handler is a `RequestHandlerInterface`, then the Lambda event is converted to a PSR7 object. During the conversion process, if the request is a MultiPart, each part is parsed and its content added in the `$files` or `$parsedBody` arrays. The conversion process produces a different output compared to the one of plain PHP when keys ending with and open square bracket ([) are used. Based on the application logic the difference in the body parsing might lead to vulnerabilities and/or undefined behaviors. This vulnerability is patched in 2.1.13.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-436 - Interpretation Conflict
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/brefphp/bref/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/brefphp/bref/commit/c77d9f5abf… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2024-24753 (GCVE-0-2024-24753)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-02-01 16:09 – Updated: 2025-06-17 14:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Bref Multiple Value Headers Not Supported in ApiGatewayFormatV2
Summary
Bref enable serverless PHP on AWS Lambda. When Bref is used in combination with an API Gateway with the v2 format, it does not handle multiple values headers. If PHP generates a response with two headers having the same key but different values only the latest one is kept. If an application relies on multiple headers with the same key being set for security reasons, then Bref would lower the application security. For example, if an application sets multiple `Content-Security-Policy` headers, then Bref would just reflect the latest one. This vulnerability is patched in 2.1.13.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-436 - Interpretation Conflict
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/brefphp/bref/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/brefphp/bref/commit/f834027aaf… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2024-20293 (GCVE-0-2024-20293)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-22 16:55 – Updated: 2024-08-01 21:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability in the activation of an access control list (ACL) on Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass the protection that is offered by a configured ACL on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to a logic error that occurs when an ACL changes from inactive to active in the running configuration of an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending traffic through the affected device that should be denied by the configured ACL. The reverse condition is also true—traffic that should be permitted could be denied by the configured ACL. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass configured ACL protections on the affected device, allowing the attacker to access trusted networks that the device might be protecting. Note: This vulnerability applies to both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic as well as dual-stack ACL configurations in which both IPv4 and IPv6 ACLs are configured on an interface.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-436 - Interpretation Conflict
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software |
Affected:
9.19.1
Affected: 9.19.1.5 Affected: 9.19.1.9 Affected: 9.19.1.12 Affected: 9.19.1.18 Affected: 9.19.1.22 Affected: 9.19.1.24 Affected: 9.20.1 Affected: 9.20.1.5 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software |
Affected:
7.3.0
Affected: 7.3.1 Affected: 7.3.1.1 Affected: 7.3.1.2 Affected: 7.4.0 |
|
| cisco | firepower_management_center |
Affected:
7.3.0
Affected: 7.3.1 Affected: 7.3.1.1 Affected: 7.3.1.2 cpe:2.3:h:cisco:firepower_management_center:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| cisco | adaptive_security_appliance |
Affected:
9.19.1
Affected: 9.19.1.5 Affected: 9.19.1.9 Affected: 9.19.1.12 Affected: 9.19.1.18 Affected: 9.19.1.22 Affected: 9.19.1.24 Affected: 9.20.1 Affected: 9.20.1.5 cpe:2.3:h:cisco:adaptive_security_appliance:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"lang": "en",
"value": "The Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "cvssV3_1"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-436",
"description": "Interpretation Conflict",
"lang": "en",
"type": "cwe"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-05-22T16:55:32.309Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "cisco-sa-asaftd-ogsnsg-aclbyp-3XB8q6jX",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-asaftd-ogsnsg-aclbyp-3XB8q6jX"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "cisco-sa-asaftd-ogsnsg-aclbyp-3XB8q6jX",
"defects": [
"CSCwi17713"
],
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-20293",
"datePublished": "2024-05-22T16:55:23.961Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-11-08T15:08:07.629Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-01T21:59:41.290Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-105: HTTP Request Splitting
An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to split a single HTTP request into multiple unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling
An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-34: HTTP Response Splitting
An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content, in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server) or into an already spoofed HTTP response from an adversary controlled domain/site.
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.