Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-407
Allowed-with-ReviewInefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.
280 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-6324 (GCVE-0-2024-6324)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-09 06:02 – Updated: 2025-01-09 15:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in GitLab
Summary
An issue was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 15.7 prior to 17.5.5, starting from 17.6 prior to 17.6.3, and starting from 17.7 prior to 17.7.1. It was possible to trigger a DoS by creating cyclic references between epics.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-09 15:32 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/468914 | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/01/08/patc… | |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/2553716 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-46136 (GCVE-0-2023-46136)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-24 23:48 – Updated: 2026-05-20 22:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Werkzeug vulnerable to high resource usage when parsing multipart/form-data containing a large part with CR/LF character at the beginning
Summary
Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. In versions on the 3.x branch prior to 3.0.1 and on the 2.x branch prior to 2.3.8, if an upload of a file that starts with CR or LF and then is followed by megabytes of data without these characters: all of these bytes are appended chunk by chunk into internal bytearray and lookup for boundary is performed on growing buffer. This allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by sending crafted multipart data to an endpoint that will parse it. The amount of CPU time required can block worker processes from handling legitimate requests. This vulnerability has been patched in version 3.0.1 and 2.3.8.
Severity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/f3c803… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2023112… | x_transferred |
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-36810 (GCVE-0-2023-36810)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-30 18:43 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Quadratic runtime with malformed PDF missing xref marker in pypdf
Summary
pypdf is a pure-python PDF library capable of splitting, merging, cropping, and transforming the pages of PDF files. An attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to unexpected long runtime. This quadratic runtime blocks the current process and can utilize a single core of the CPU by 100%. It does not affect memory usage. This issue has been addressed in PR 808 and versions from 1.27.9 include this fix. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
6.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-04 21:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/issues/582 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/pull/808 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023… |
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CVE-2023-30421 (GCVE-0-2023-30421)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-19 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-21 14:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
mystrtod in mjson 1.2.7 requires more than a billion iterations during processing of certain digit strings such as 8891110122900e913013935755114.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-21 14:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mjson project | mjson |
Affected:
1.2.7
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:mjson_project:mjson:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2023-26485 (GCVE-0-2023-26485)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-31 22:01 – Updated: 2025-02-11 17:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Quadratic complexity may lead to a denial of service in cmark-gfm
Summary
cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. A polynomial time complexity issue in cmark-gfm may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. This CVE covers quadratic complexity issues when parsing text which leads with either large numbers of `_` characters. This issue has been addressed in version 0.29.0.gfm.10. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should validate that their input comes from trusted sources.
### Impact
A polynomial time complexity issue in cmark-gfm may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service.
### Proof of concept
```
$ ~/cmark-gfm$ python3 -c 'pad = "_" * 100000; print(pad + "." + pad, end="")' | time ./build/src/cmark-gfm --to plaintext
```
Increasing the number 10000 in the above commands causes the running time to increase quadratically.
### Patches
This vulnerability have been patched in 0.29.0.gfm.10.
### Note on cmark and cmark-gfm
XXX: TBD
[cmark-gfm](https://github.com/github/cmark-gfm) is a fork of [cmark](https://github.com/commonmark/cmark) that adds the GitHub Flavored Markdown extensions. The two codebases have diverged over time, but share a common core. These bugs affect both `cmark` and `cmark-gfm`.
### Credit
We would like to thank @gravypod for reporting this vulnerability.
### References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity
### For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
* Open an issue in [github/cmark-gfm](https://github.com/github/cmark-gfm)
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-11 17:20 UTC
Assigner
References
2 references
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|---|---|
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CVE-2023-24824 (GCVE-0-2023-24824)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-31 22:01 – Updated: 2025-02-11 17:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Quadratic complexity may lead to a denial of service in cmark-gfm
Summary
cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. A polynomial time complexity issue in cmark-gfm may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. This CVE covers quadratic complexity issues when parsing text which leads with either large numbers of `>` or `-` characters. This issue has been addressed in version 0.29.0.gfm.10. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should validate that their input comes from trusted sources.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-11 17:19 UTC
Assigner
References
2 references
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|---|---|
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CVE-2023-22486 (GCVE-0-2023-22486)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-24 02:30 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
cmark-gfm Quadratic complexity bug in handle_close_bracket may lead to a denial of service
Summary
cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. Versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.7 contain a polynomial time complexity issue in handle_close_bracket that may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. This vulnerability has been patched in 0.29.0.gfm.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-10 21:01 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
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CVE-2023-22484 (GCVE-0-2023-22484)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-23 22:42 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Inefficient Quadratic complexity bug in handle_pointy_brace may lead to a denial of service
Summary
cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. Versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.7 are subject to a polynomial time complexity issue in cmark-gfm that may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. This vulnerability has been patched in 0.29.0.gfm.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-10 21:01 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
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CVE-2023-2473 (GCVE-0-2023-2473)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-02 12:00 – Updated: 2025-01-30 14:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Dreamer CMS Password Hash Calculation UserController.java updatePwd algorithmic complexity
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Dreamer CMS up to 4.1.3. It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability affects the function updatePwd of the file UserController.java of the component Password Hash Calculation. The manipulation leads to inefficient algorithmic complexity. The attack can be initiated remotely. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-227860.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
4.3 (Medium)
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-30 14:15 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.227860 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.227860 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://gitee.com/isoftforce/dreamer_cms/issues/I6WHO7 | issue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | Dreamer CMS |
Affected:
4.1.0
Affected: 4.1.1 Affected: 4.1.2 Affected: 4.1.3 |
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CVE-2022-36021 (GCVE-0-2022-36021)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-01 15:46 – Updated: 2025-03-07 21:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Redis string pattern matching can be abused to achieve Denial of Service
Summary
Redis is an in-memory database that persists on disk. Authenticated users can use string matching commands (like `SCAN` or `KEYS`) with a specially crafted pattern to trigger a denial-of-service attack on Redis, causing it to hang and consume 100% CPU time. The problem is fixed in Redis versions 6.0.18, 6.2.11, 7.0.9.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-07 21:03 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/redis/redis/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/redis/redis/commit/dcbfcb916ca… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.