CWE-404
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Resource Shutdown or Release
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.
When a resource is created or allocated, the developer is responsible for properly releasing the resource as well as accounting for all potential paths of expiration or invalidation, such as a set period of time or revocation.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Release
- Behavior-Type: Shutdown
- Behavior-Property: Improper
- Resource-Type: Resource
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Resource clean up errors might be detected with a stress-test by calling the software simultaneously from a large number of threads or processes, and look for evidence of any unexpected behavior. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Effectiveness: Moderate
Manual Dynamic Analysis
Identify error conditions that are not likely to occur during normal usage and trigger them. For example, run the product under low memory conditions, run with insufficient privileges or permissions, interrupt a transaction before it is completed, or disable connectivity to basic network services such as DNS. Monitor the software for any unexpected behavior. If you trigger an unhandled exception or similar error that was discovered and handled by the application's environment, it may still indicate unexpected conditions that were not handled by the application itself.
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Relationship
Overlaps memory leaks, asymmetric resource consumption, malformed input errors.
Content history
updated Time_of_Introduction
Suggested OWASP Top Ten 2004 mapping
updated Description, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Relationships
updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Common_Consequences, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Potential_Mitigations
updated Description, Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns
updated Other_Notes
updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Detection_Factors, Potential_Mitigations
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Common_Consequences
updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Related_Attack_Patterns
updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Related_Attack_Patterns
updated Applicable_Platforms, Functional_Areas, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings, Type
updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Related_Attack_Patterns
updated Relationships
updated Description, Detection_Factors
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Observed_Examples
updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
1431 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-123964 (GCVE-0-2026-123964)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-07 12:45 – Updated: 2026-11-07 12:45| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/432034 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/432034/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-123964 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1033798 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/OpenBMB/IoA/issues/22 | exploitissue-tracking |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenBMB | Internet of Agents |
Affected:
9d78e88e47160eb42ee1ee8538c05e1c2c47877a
cpe:2.3:a:openbmb:internet_of_agents:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-123748 (GCVE-0-2026-123748)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-06 17:15 – Updated: 2026-11-06 17:15 X_Open Source| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/431905 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/431905/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-123748 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1033605 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/chenyme/grok2api/issues/1071 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/chenyme/grok2api/pull/1073 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/chenyme/grok2api/commit/7ad0f7… | patch |
| https://github.com/chenyme/grok2api/releases/tag/v3.1.7 | patch |
| https://github.com/chenyme/grok2api/ | product |
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CVE-2026-122020 (GCVE-0-2026-122020)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 22:00 – Updated: 2026-11-06 09:07- CWE-404 - Denial of Service
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/431086 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/431086/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-122020 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1024994 | third-party-advisory |
| https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1TzU1aHKab… | related |
| https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1TzU1aHKab… | exploit |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NST Labs Tech | Nstbrowser |
Affected:
1.2.0
Affected: 1.2.1 cpe:2.3:a:nst_labs_tech:nstbrowser:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-121261 (GCVE-0-2026-121261)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 16:30 – Updated: 2026-11-07 03:16 X_Open Source| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/430227 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/430227/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-121261 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1018488 | third-party-advisory |
| https://gist.github.com/Ishanoshada/efbda3b5bee92… | exploit |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| phpMyAdmin | ShapeFile |
Affected:
4.0.0
Affected: 4.0.1 cpe:2.3:a:phpmyadmin:shapefile:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-120237 (GCVE-0-2026-120237)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-01 17:30 – Updated: 2026-11-05 15:48| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/429596 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/429596/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-120237 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1015179 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/ag-ui-protocol/ag-ui/issues/2525 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/ag-ui-protocol/ag-ui/pull/3241 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/ag-ui-protocol/ag-ui/ | product |
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|---|---|---|---|
| ag-ui-protocol | ag-ui |
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CVE-2026-120235 (GCVE-0-2026-120235)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-01 16:00 – Updated: 2026-11-02 17:41 X_Open Source| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/429594 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/429594/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-120235 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1015147 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/ag-ui-protocol/ag-ui/issues/2522 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/ag-ui-protocol/ag-ui/pull/2627 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/ag-ui-protocol/ag-ui/commit/9e… | patch |
| https://github.com/ag-ui-protocol/ag-ui/releases/… | patch |
| https://github.com/ag-ui-protocol/ag-ui/ | product |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ag-ui-protocol | ag-ui |
Affected:
0.0.1
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CVE-2026-120234 (GCVE-0-2026-120234)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-01 15:30 – Updated: 2026-11-06 19:07| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/429593 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/429593/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-120234 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1015146 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/ag-ui-protocol/ag-ui/issues/2521 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/ag-ui-protocol/ag-ui/pull/2698 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/ag-ui-protocol/ag-ui/ | product |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ag-ui-protocol | ag-ui |
Affected:
0.0.1
Affected: 0.0.2 Affected: 0.0.3 Affected: 0.0.4 Affected: 0.0.5 Affected: 0.0.6 Affected: 0.0.7 Affected: 0.0.8 Affected: 0.0.9 Affected: 0.0.10 Affected: 0.0.11 Affected: 0.0.12 Affected: 0.0.13 Affected: 0.0.14 Affected: 0.0.15 Affected: 0.0.16 Affected: 0.0.17 Affected: 0.0.18 Affected: 0.0.19 Affected: 0.0.20 Affected: 0.0.21 Affected: 0.0.22 Affected: 0.0.23 Affected: 0.0.24 Affected: 0.0.25 Affected: 0.0.26 Affected: 0.0.27 Affected: 0.0.28 Affected: 0.0.29 Affected: 0.0.30 Affected: 0.0.31 Affected: 0.0.32 Affected: 0.0.33 Affected: 0.0.34 Affected: 0.0.35 Affected: 0.0.36 Affected: 0.0.37 Affected: 0.0.38 Affected: 0.0.39 Affected: 0.0.40 Affected: 0.0.41 Affected: 0.0.42 Affected: 0.0.43 Affected: 0.0.44 Affected: 0.0.45 Affected: 0.0.46 Affected: 0.0.47 Affected: 0.0.48 Affected: 0.0.49 Affected: 0.0.50 Affected: 0.0.51 Affected: 0.0.52 Affected: 0.0.53 Affected: 0.0.54 Affected: 0.0.55 Affected: 0.0.56 Affected: 0.0.57 Affected: 0.0.58 cpe:2.3:a:ag-ui-protocol:ag-ui:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-118276 (GCVE-0-2026-118276)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 03:45 – Updated: 2026-11-02 20:07 X_Open Source| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/427574 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/427574/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-118276 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1015139 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/a2ui-project/a2ui/issues/2389 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/a2ui-project/a2ui/pull/2433 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/a2ui-project/a2ui/commit/1f71d… | patch |
| https://github.com/a2ui-project/a2ui/ | product |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a2ui-project | a2ui |
Affected:
0.10.0
Affected: 0.10.1 Affected: 0.10.2 Affected: 0.10.3 Affected: 0.10.4 Affected: 0.10.5 Affected: 0.10.6 cpe:2.3:a:a2ui-project:a2ui:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-118275 (GCVE-0-2026-118275)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 03:30 – Updated: 2026-10-28 16:10 X_Open Source| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/427573 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
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| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-118275 | third-party-advisory |
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| https://github.com/a2ui-project/a2ui/commit/c76e1… | patch |
| https://github.com/a2ui-project/a2ui/ | product |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a2ui-project | a2ui |
Affected:
0.10.0
Affected: 0.10.1 Affected: 0.10.2 Affected: 0.10.3 Affected: 0.10.4 Affected: 0.10.5 Affected: 0.10.6 cpe:2.3:a:a2ui-project:a2ui:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-118274 (GCVE-0-2026-118274)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 02:45 – Updated: 2026-11-03 12:49 X_Open Source| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/427572 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/427572/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
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| https://github.com/a2ui-project/a2ui/commit/c97f4… | patch |
| https://github.com/a2ui-project/a2ui/ | product |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a2ui-project | a2ui |
Affected:
0.10.0
Affected: 0.10.1 Affected: 0.10.2 Affected: 0.10.3 Affected: 0.10.4 Affected: 0.10.5 Affected: 0.10.6 cpe:2.3:a:a2ui-project:a2ui:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, languages such as Java, Ruby, and Lisp perform automatic garbage collection that releases memory for objects that have been deallocated.
Mitigation
It is good practice to be responsible for freeing all resources you allocate and to be consistent with how and where you free memory in a function. If you allocate memory that you intend to free upon completion of the function, you must be sure to free the memory at all exit points for that function including error conditions.
Mitigation
Memory should be allocated/freed using matching functions such as malloc/free, new/delete, and new[]/delete[].
Mitigation
When releasing a complex object or structure, ensure that you properly dispose of all of its member components, not just the object itself.
CAPEC-125: Flooding
An adversary consumes the resources of a target by rapidly engaging in a large number of interactions with the target. This type of attack generally exposes a weakness in rate limiting or flow. When successful this attack prevents legitimate users from accessing the service and can cause the target to crash. This attack differs from resource depletion through leaks or allocations in that the latter attacks do not rely on the volume of requests made to the target but instead focus on manipulation of the target's operations. The key factor in a flooding attack is the number of requests the adversary can make in a given period of time. The greater this number, the more likely an attack is to succeed against a given target.
CAPEC-130: Excessive Allocation
An adversary causes the target to allocate excessive resources to servicing the attackers' request, thereby reducing the resources available for legitimate services and degrading or denying services. Usually, this attack focuses on memory allocation, but any finite resource on the target could be the attacked, including bandwidth, processing cycles, or other resources. This attack does not attempt to force this allocation through a large number of requests (that would be Resource Depletion through Flooding) but instead uses one or a small number of requests that are carefully formatted to force the target to allocate excessive resources to service this request(s). Often this attack takes advantage of a bug in the target to cause the target to allocate resources vastly beyond what would be needed for a normal request.
CAPEC-131: Resource Leak Exposure
An adversary utilizes a resource leak on the target to deplete the quantity of the resource available to service legitimate requests.
CAPEC-494: TCP Fragmentation
An adversary may execute a TCP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of avoiding filtering rules of network controls, by attempting to fragment the TCP packet such that the headers flag field is pushed into the second fragment which typically is not filtered.
CAPEC-495: UDP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a UDP Fragmentation attack against a target server in an attempt to consume resources such as bandwidth and CPU. IP fragmentation occurs when an IP datagram is larger than the MTU of the route the datagram has to traverse. Typically the attacker will use large UDP packets over 1500 bytes of data which forces fragmentation as ethernet MTU is 1500 bytes. This attack is a variation on a typical UDP flood but it enables more network bandwidth to be consumed with fewer packets. Additionally it has the potential to consume server CPU resources and fill memory buffers associated with the processing and reassembling of fragmented packets.
CAPEC-496: ICMP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a ICMP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of consuming resources or causing a crash. The attacker crafts a large number of identical fragmented IP packets containing a portion of a fragmented ICMP message. The attacker these sends these messages to a target host which causes the host to become non-responsive. Another vector may be sending a fragmented ICMP message to a target host with incorrect sizes in the header which causes the host to hang.
CAPEC-666: BlueSmacking
An adversary uses Bluetooth flooding to transfer large packets to Bluetooth enabled devices over the L2CAP protocol with the goal of creating a DoS. This attack must be carried out within close proximity to a Bluetooth enabled device.