CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
6084 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M837-G268-MMV7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-25 14:08 – Updated: 2025-07-25 14:08Node-SAML loads the assertion from the (unsigned) original response document. This is different than the parts that are verified when checking signature.
This allows an attacker to modify authentication details within a valid SAML assertion. For example, in one attack it is possible to remove any character from the SAML assertion username.
To conduct the attack an attacker would need a validly signed document from the identity provider (IdP).
In fixing this we upgraded xml-crypto to v6.1.2 and made sure to process the SAML assertions from only verified/authenticated contents. This will prevent future variants from coming up.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "node-saml"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "3.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.0.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@node-saml/node-saml"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54369"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-347",
"CWE-87"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-25T14:08:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-24T23:15:26Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Node-SAML loads the assertion from the (unsigned) original response document. This is different than the parts that are verified when checking signature. \n\nThis allows an attacker to modify authentication details within a valid SAML assertion. For example, in one attack it is possible to remove any character from the SAML assertion username.\n\nTo conduct the attack an attacker would need a validly signed document from the identity provider (IdP).\n\nIn fixing this we upgraded xml-crypto to v6.1.2 and made sure to process the SAML assertions from only verified/authenticated contents. This will prevent future variants from coming up.",
"id": "GHSA-m837-g268-mmv7",
"modified": "2025-07-25T14:08:50Z",
"published": "2025-07-25T14:08:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/node-saml/node-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-m837-g268-mmv7"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54369"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/node-saml/node-saml/commit/31ead9411ebc3e2385086fa9149b6c17732bca10"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/node-saml/node-saml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/node-saml/node-saml/releases/tag/v5.1.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Node-SAML SAML Authentication Bypass"
}
GHSA-M86Q-2RV9-QF8H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-28 03:30 – Updated: 2025-01-14 06:32Improper authentication vulnerability in NEC Corporation Aterm WG1800HP4, WG1200HS3, WG1900HP2, WG1200HP3, WG1800HP3, WG1200HS2, WG1900HP, WG1200HP2, W1200EX(-MS), WG1200HS, WG1200HP, WF300HP2, W300P, WF800HP, WR8165N, WG2200HP, WF1200HP2, WG1800HP2, WF1200HP, WG600HP, WG300HP, WF300HP, WG1800HP, WG1400HP, WR8175N, WR9300N, WR8750N, WR8160N, WR9500N, WR8600N, WR8370N, WR8170N, WR8700N, WR8300N, WR8150N, WR4100N, WR4500N, WR8100N, WR8500N, CR2500P, WR8400N, WR8200N, WR1200H, WR7870S, WR6670S, WR7850S, WR6650S, WR6600H, WR7800H, WM3400RN, WM3450RN, WM3500R, WM3600R, WM3800R, WR8166N, MR01LN and MR02LN all versions allows a attacker to execute an arbitrary command with the root privilege via the internet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28009"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-28T01:15:47Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper authentication vulnerability in NEC Corporation Aterm WG1800HP4, WG1200HS3, WG1900HP2, WG1200HP3, WG1800HP3, WG1200HS2, WG1900HP, WG1200HP2, W1200EX(-MS), WG1200HS, WG1200HP, WF300HP2, W300P, WF800HP, WR8165N, WG2200HP, WF1200HP2, WG1800HP2, WF1200HP, WG600HP, WG300HP, WF300HP, WG1800HP, WG1400HP, WR8175N, WR9300N, WR8750N, WR8160N, WR9500N, WR8600N, WR8370N, WR8170N, WR8700N, WR8300N, WR8150N, WR4100N, WR4500N, WR8100N, WR8500N, CR2500P, WR8400N, WR8200N, WR1200H, WR7870S, WR6670S, WR7850S, WR6650S, WR6600H, WR7800H, WM3400RN, WM3450RN, WM3500R, WM3600R, WM3800R, WR8166N, MR01LN and MR02LN all versions allows a attacker to execute an arbitrary command with the root privilege via the internet.",
"id": "GHSA-m86q-2rv9-qf8h",
"modified": "2025-01-14T06:32:00Z",
"published": "2024-03-28T03:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://https://jpn.nec.com/security-info/secinfo/nv24-001_en.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jpn.nec.com/security-info/secinfo/nv24-001_en.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M86R-5C2C-W6RQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:45 – Updated: 2025-04-09 03:54The cookie authentication method in WordPress 2.5 relies on a hash of a concatenated string containing USERNAME and EXPIRY_TIME, which allows remote attackers to forge cookies by registering a username that results in the same concatenated string, as demonstrated by registering usernames beginning with "admin" to obtain administrator privileges, aka a "cryptographic splicing" issue. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2007-6013.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-1930"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-04-28T20:05:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The cookie authentication method in WordPress 2.5 relies on a hash of a concatenated string containing USERNAME and EXPIRY_TIME, which allows remote attackers to forge cookies by registering a username that results in the same concatenated string, as demonstrated by registering usernames beginning with \"admin\" to obtain administrator privileges, aka a \"cryptographic splicing\" issue. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2007-6013.",
"id": "GHSA-m86r-5c2c-w6rq",
"modified": "2025-04-09T03:54:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:45:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/42027"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://wordpress.org/development/2008/04/wordpress-251"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/sjm217/advisories/wordpress-cookie-integrity.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/491356/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28935"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1019923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/1372/references"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M878-3VFV-WGVC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:52 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:52Due to a lack of authentication, an unauthenticated user who knows the Eview EV-07S GPS Tracker's phone number can revert the device to a factory default configuration with an SMS command, "RESET!"
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5237"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-27T21:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Due to a lack of authentication, an unauthenticated user who knows the Eview EV-07S GPS Tracker\u0027s phone number can revert the device to a factory default configuration with an SMS command, \"RESET!\"",
"id": "GHSA-m878-3vfv-wgvc",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:52:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:52:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.rapid7.com/community/infosec/blog/2017/03/27/r7-2015-28-multiple-eview-ev-07s-gps-tracker-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97186"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M892-C9FC-5798
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-11 09:30 – Updated: 2026-01-11 09:30A flaw has been found in Flycatcher Toys smART Sketcher up to 2.0. This affects an unknown part of the component Bluetooth Low Energy Interface. This manipulation causes missing authentication. The attack can only be done within the local network. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0842"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-11T08:16:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in Flycatcher Toys smART Sketcher up to 2.0. This affects an unknown part of the component Bluetooth Low Energy Interface. This manipulation causes missing authentication. The attack can only be done within the local network. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-m892-c9fc-5798",
"modified": "2026-01-11T09:30:24Z",
"published": "2026-01-11T09:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/davidrxchester/smart-sketcher-upload/blob/main/smartsketch-upload.py"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.340442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.340442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.729134"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-M8GM-9M6Q-6XM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-18 09:30 – Updated: 2023-02-27 18:32A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in SourceCodester Employee Task Management System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file changePasswordForEmployee.php. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-221454 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0905"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-18T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in SourceCodester Employee Task Management System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file changePasswordForEmployee.php. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-221454 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-m8gm-9m6q-6xm3",
"modified": "2023-02-27T18:32:03Z",
"published": "2023-02-18T09:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/navaidzansari/CVE_Demo/blob/main/2023/Employee%20Task%20Management%20System%20-%20Broken%20Authentication.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.221454"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.221454"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M8HV-35C9-8JRX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2026-06-05 00:31An Authentication Bypass by Capture-Replay issue was discovered in Schneider Electric Modicon Modbus Protocol. Sensitive information is transmitted in cleartext in the Modicon Modbus protocol, which may allow an attacker to replay the following commands: run, stop, upload, and download.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6034"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-294"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-30T03:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An Authentication Bypass by Capture-Replay issue was discovered in Schneider Electric Modicon Modbus Protocol. Sensitive information is transmitted in cleartext in the Modicon Modbus protocol, which may allow an attacker to replay the following commands: run, stop, upload, and download.",
"id": "GHSA-m8hv-35c9-8jrx",
"modified": "2026-06-05T00:31:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:36:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6034"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2017/icsa-17-101-01.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-17-101-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.se.com/us/en/download/document/SEVD-2017-065-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97562"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M8MW-5F48-QQ89
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Access Manager product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Authentication Engine). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Access Manager. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Access Manager, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Access Manager. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.9 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60333"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:36Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Access Manager product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Authentication Engine). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Access Manager. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Access Manager, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Access Manager. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.9 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-m8mw-5f48-qq89",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:35Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60333"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M92X-XX34-PPQV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01Insufficient policy enforcement in extensions in Google Chrome prior to 88.0.4324.96 allowed a remote attacker to bypass content security policy via a crafted Chrome Extension.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21127"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-09T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in extensions in Google Chrome prior to 88.0.4324.96 allowed a remote attacker to bypass content security policy via a crafted Chrome Extension.",
"id": "GHSA-m92x-xx34-ppqv",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/01/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_19.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1115590"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-21127"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M93H-5QMX-PPHG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2022-07-01 17:48In Jenkins before versions 2.44 and 2.32.2, low privilege users were able to act on administrative monitors due to them not being consistently protected by permission checks (SECURITY-371).
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.32.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.32.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.43"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.34"
},
{
"fixed": "2.44"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2604"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-01T17:48:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-05-15T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Jenkins before versions 2.44 and 2.32.2, low privilege users were able to act on administrative monitors due to them not being consistently protected by permission checks (SECURITY-371).",
"id": "GHSA-m93h-5qmx-pphg",
"modified": "2022-07-01T17:48:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:36:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/6efcf6c2ac39bc5c59ac7251822be8ddf67ceaf8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2017-2604"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2017-02-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Authentication in Jenkins"
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.