CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
6148 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FQ75-H86R-46HG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:26 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:32Secure Transport in Apple iOS before 7.1.1, Apple OS X 10.8.x and 10.9.x through 10.9.2, and Apple TV before 6.1.1 does not ensure that a server's X.509 certificate is the same during renegotiation as it was before renegotiation, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain sensitive information or modify TLS session data via a "triple handshake attack."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-1295"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-04-23T11:52:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Secure Transport in Apple iOS before 7.1.1, Apple OS X 10.8.x and 10.9.x through 10.9.2, and Apple TV before 6.1.1 does not ensure that a server\u0027s X.509 certificate is the same during renegotiation as it was before renegotiation, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain sensitive information or modify TLS session data via a \"triple handshake attack.\"",
"id": "GHSA-fq75-h86r-46hg",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:32:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:26:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-1295"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://secure-resumption.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2014-04/0134.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2014-04/0135.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2014-04/0136.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FQH7-W8JC-QQJJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-12 03:31 – Updated: 2023-12-14 00:30Missing authentication in the internal data streaming system in ProLion CryptoSpike 3.0.15P2 allows remote unauthenticated users to read potentially sensitive information and deny service to users by directly reading and writing data in Apache Kafka (as consumer and producer).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-36648"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-12T01:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing authentication in the internal data streaming system in ProLion CryptoSpike 3.0.15P2 allows remote unauthenticated users to read potentially sensitive information and deny service to users by directly reading and writing data in Apache Kafka (as consumer and producer).",
"id": "GHSA-fqh7-w8jc-qqjj",
"modified": "2023-12-14T00:30:25Z",
"published": "2023-12-12T03:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36648"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cvcn.gov.it/cvcn/cve/CVE-2023-36648"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FQPP-WF47-38VW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-08 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-17 00:01A vulnerability in the application authentication and authorization mechanism in Hitachi Energy's TXpert Hub CoreTec 4, that depends on a token validation of the session identifier, allows an unauthorized modified message to be executed in the server enabling an unauthorized actor to change an existing user password, and further gain authorized access into the system via login mechanism. This issue affects: Hitachi Energy TXpert Hub CoreTec 4 version 2.0.0 2.1.0; 2.1.0; 2.1.1; 2.1.2; 2.1.3; 2.2.0; 2.2.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-35530"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-288"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-07T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the application authentication and authorization mechanism in Hitachi Energy\u0027s TXpert Hub CoreTec 4, that depends on a token validation of the session identifier, allows an unauthorized modified message to be executed in the server enabling an unauthorized actor to change an existing user password, and further gain authorized access into the system via login mechanism. This issue affects: Hitachi Energy TXpert Hub CoreTec 4 version 2.0.0 2.1.0; 2.1.0; 2.1.1; 2.1.2; 2.1.3; 2.2.0; 2.2.1.",
"id": "GHSA-fqpp-wf47-38vw",
"modified": "2022-06-17T00:01:28Z",
"published": "2022-06-08T00:00:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-35530"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=8DBD000080\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch\u0026utm_campaign=\u0026utm_content=2022.04_5763_Cybersecurity%20Advisory%20Update_May_03\u0026utm_medium=email\u0026utm_source=Eloqua"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FQRJ-M88P-QF3V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-07 18:14 – Updated: 2026-04-07 18:14Summary
Before OpenClaw 2026.3.31, the Zalo webhook replay-dedupe cache was shared across authenticated webhook targets and keyed too broadly. In multi-account deployments, a replay seen on one account could suppress a legitimate event on another account if event_name and message_id matched.
Impact
An attacker who controlled one authenticated Zalo webhook path in a multi-account gateway deployment could cause silent message suppression on a different Zalo account sharing that gateway. This was an availability issue; it did not provide cross-account authentication or data access.
Affected Packages / Versions
- Package:
openclaw(npm) - Affected versions:
>= 2026.2.19, < 2026.3.31 - Patched versions:
>= 2026.3.31 - Latest published npm version:
2026.4.1
Fix Commit(s)
4d038bb242c11f39e45f6a4bde400e5fd42e4ebf— scope webhook replay dedupe per target7cea7c29705b188b464cc9cdc107c275b94b2a72— follow-up hardening to scope replay dedupe by path and account
Release Process Note
The initial fix shipped in OpenClaw 2026.3.31 on March 31, 2026. The current published npm release 2026.4.1 from April 1, 2026 also contains follow-up hardening for the same surface.
Thanks @nexrin for reporting.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2026.2.19"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.3.31"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-07T18:14:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nBefore OpenClaw 2026.3.31, the Zalo webhook replay-dedupe cache was shared across authenticated webhook targets and keyed too broadly. In multi-account deployments, a replay seen on one account could suppress a legitimate event on another account if `event_name` and `message_id` matched.\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker who controlled one authenticated Zalo webhook path in a multi-account gateway deployment could cause silent message suppression on a different Zalo account sharing that gateway. This was an availability issue; it did not provide cross-account authentication or data access.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected versions: `\u003e= 2026.2.19, \u003c 2026.3.31`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.3.31`\n- Latest published npm version: `2026.4.1`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `4d038bb242c11f39e45f6a4bde400e5fd42e4ebf` \u2014 scope webhook replay dedupe per target\n- `7cea7c29705b188b464cc9cdc107c275b94b2a72` \u2014 follow-up hardening to scope replay dedupe by path and account\n\n## Release Process Note\n\nThe initial fix shipped in OpenClaw `2026.3.31` on March 31, 2026. The current published npm release `2026.4.1` from April 1, 2026 also contains follow-up hardening for the same surface.\n\nThanks @nexrin for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-fqrj-m88p-qf3v",
"modified": "2026-04-07T18:14:50Z",
"published": "2026-04-07T18:14:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-fqrj-m88p-qf3v"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/4d038bb242c11f39e45f6a4bde400e5fd42e4ebf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/7cea7c29705b188b464cc9cdc107c275b94b2a72"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw: Zalo replay dedupe cache could suppress events across authenticated webhook targets"
}
GHSA-FR3J-67C2-CFFX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-10 00:30 – Updated: 2023-11-16 21:30An issue discovered in Pfsense CE version 2.6.0 allows attackers to change the password of any user without verification.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29975"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-09T22:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue discovered in Pfsense CE version 2.6.0 allows attackers to change the password of any user without verification.",
"id": "GHSA-fr3j-67c2-cffx",
"modified": "2023-11-16T21:30:46Z",
"published": "2023-11-10T00:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29975"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.esecforte.com/cve-2023-29975-unverified-password-changed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR4G-8PF8-PC9C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:46 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:36An attacker that has hijacked a Unitrends Enterprise Backup (before 9.1.2) web server session can leverage api/includes/users.php to change the password of the logged in account without knowing the current password. This allows for an account takeover.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-7284"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-12T22:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An attacker that has hijacked a Unitrends Enterprise Backup (before 9.1.2) web server session can leverage api/includes/users.php to change the password of the logged in account without knowing the current password. This allows for an account takeover.",
"id": "GHSA-fr4g-8pf8-pc9c",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:36:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:46:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/research/remote-code-execution-bug-hunting-chapter-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FR4R-3V2C-WV3M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:12 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:12A vulnerability found in UniFi Protect application V1.18.1 and earlier permits a malicious actor who has already gained access to a network to subsequently control the Protect camera(s) assigned to said network. This vulnerability is fixed in UniFi Protect application V1.19.0 and later.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22943"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-31T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability found in UniFi Protect application V1.18.1 and earlier permits a malicious actor who has already gained access to a network to subsequently control the Protect camera(s) assigned to said network. This vulnerability is fixed in UniFi Protect application V1.19.0 and later.",
"id": "GHSA-fr4r-3v2c-wv3m",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:12:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:12:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22943"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.ui.com/releases/Security-Advisory-Bulletin-019-019/90a00abe-d6b6-43c6-92d4-0a0342f1506f"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FR4X-26R9-JX2P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 17:57 – Updated: 2022-05-01 17:57XScreenSaver 4.10, when using a remote directory service for credentials, does not properly handle the results from the getpwuid function in drivers/lock.c when there is no network connectivity, which causes XScreenSaver to crash and unlock the screen and allows local users to bypass authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-1859"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-05-02T20:19:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "XScreenSaver 4.10, when using a remote directory service for credentials, does not properly handle the results from the getpwuid function in drivers/lock.c when there is no network connectivity, which causes XScreenSaver to crash and unlock the screen and allows local users to bypass authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-fr4x-26r9-jx2p",
"modified": "2022-05-01T17:57:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T17:57:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-1859"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/34054"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.rpath.com/browse/RPL-1293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A11459"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/35531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/25065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/25105"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/25116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/25118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/25119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/25225"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/25610"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-200705-14.xml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDKSA-2007:097"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.novell.com/linux/security/advisories/2007_9_sr.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2007-0322.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/23783"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1017996"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-474-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FR6H-7W99-6JXC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:04An authentication bypass in telnet server in BF-430 and BF431 232/422 TCP/IP Converter, BF-450M and SEMAC from CHIYU Technology Inc allows obtaining a privileged connection with the target device by supplying a specially malformed request and an attacker may force the remote telnet server to believe that the user has already authenticated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31251"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-04T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An authentication bypass in telnet server in BF-430 and BF431 232/422 TCP/IP Converter, BF-450M and SEMAC from CHIYU Technology Inc allows obtaining a privileged connection with the target device by supplying a specially malformed request and an attacker may force the remote telnet server to believe that the user has already authenticated.",
"id": "GHSA-fr6h-7w99-6jxc",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:04:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:04:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31251"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitbook.seguranca-informatica.pt/cve-and-exploits/cves/chiyu-iot-devices#cve-2021-31251"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seguranca-informatica.pt/dancing-in-the-iot-chiyu-devices-vulnerable-to-remote-attacks/#.YLqK1KhKguU"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.chiyu-tech.com/msg/message-Firmware-update-87.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FR6Q-C249-G62P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-09 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32The Form Maker by 10Web – Mobile-Friendly Drag & Drop Contact Form Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 1.15.22 via the signature functionality. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to extract sensitive data including user signatures.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2112"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-09T19:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Form Maker by 10Web \u2013 Mobile-Friendly Drag \u0026 Drop Contact Form Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 1.15.22 via the signature functionality. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to extract sensitive data including user signatures.",
"id": "GHSA-fr6q-c249-g62p",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:54Z",
"published": "2024-04-09T21:31:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2112"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?old_path=/form-maker/tags/1.15.22\u0026old=3057012\u0026new_path=/form-maker/tags/1.15.23\u0026new=3057012\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5652f9c3-3cc9-4541-8209-40117b4d25d9?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.