CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
6218 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-98X5-JW98-6C97
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-17 19:28 – Updated: 2025-09-26 16:16Impact
The Manager disables TLS certificate verification in two HTTP clients (figures 3.1 and 3.2). The clients are not configurable, so users have no way to re-enable the verification.
func getAuthToken(ctx context.Context, header http.Header) (string, error) { [skipped]
client := &http.Client{
Timeout: defaultHTTPRequesttimeout,
Transport: &http.Transport{
TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},
},
}
[skipped]
}
A Manager processes dozens of preheat jobs. An adversary performs a network-level Man-in-the-Middle attack, providing invalid data to the Manager. The Manager preheats with the wrong data, which later causes a denial of service and file integrity problems.
Patches
- Dragonfy v2.1.0 and above.
Workarounds
There are no effective workarounds, beyond upgrading.
References
A third party security audit was performed by Trail of Bits, you can see the full report.
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at dragonfly-maintainers@googlegroups.com.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "d7y.io/dragonfly/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59347"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-17T19:28:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-17T20:15:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThe Manager disables TLS certificate verification in two HTTP clients (figures 3.1 and 3.2). The clients are not configurable, so users have no way to re-enable the verification.\n\n```golang\nfunc getAuthToken(ctx context.Context, header http.Header) (string, error) { [skipped]\n client := \u0026http.Client{\n Timeout: defaultHTTPRequesttimeout,\n Transport: \u0026http.Transport{\n TLSClientConfig: \u0026tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},\n },\n}\n[skipped]\n}\n```\n\nA Manager processes dozens of preheat jobs. An adversary performs a network-level Man-in-the-Middle attack, providing invalid data to the Manager. The Manager preheats with the wrong data, which later causes a denial of service and file integrity problems.\n\n### Patches\n\n- Dragonfy v2.1.0 and above.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere are no effective workarounds, beyond upgrading.\n\n### References\n\nA third party security audit was performed by Trail of Bits, you can see the [full report](https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly/blob/main/docs/security/dragonfly-comprehensive-report-2023.pdf).\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at [dragonfly-maintainers@googlegroups.com](mailto:dragonfly-maintainers@googlegroups.com).",
"id": "GHSA-98x5-jw98-6c97",
"modified": "2025-09-26T16:16:47Z",
"published": "2025-09-17T19:28:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly/security/advisories/GHSA-98x5-jw98-6c97"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59347"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly/blob/main/docs/security/dragonfly-comprehensive-report-2023.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3966"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Dragonfly\u0027s manager makes requests to external endpoints with disabled TLS authentication"
}
GHSA-9984-4442-697F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-04 09:31 – Updated: 2026-08-04 15:32The MonsterInsights WordPress plugin before 11.1.0 does not correctly validate the signature on one of its unauthenticated AJAX actions: when the MonsterInsights WordPress plugin before 11.1.0 is not connected to Google Analytics the HMAC signing key is empty, which lets unauthenticated attackers forge a valid signature and overwrite a MonsterInsights WordPress plugin before 11.1.0 configuration value, disrupting the MonsterInsights WordPress plugin before 11.1.0's server-side analytics in Manual GA4 mode.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-11366"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-04T07:16:28Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The MonsterInsights WordPress plugin before 11.1.0 does not correctly validate the signature on one of its unauthenticated AJAX actions: when the MonsterInsights WordPress plugin before 11.1.0 is not connected to Google Analytics the HMAC signing key is empty, which lets unauthenticated attackers forge a valid signature and overwrite a MonsterInsights WordPress plugin before 11.1.0 configuration value, disrupting the MonsterInsights WordPress plugin before 11.1.0\u0027s server-side analytics in Manual GA4 mode.",
"id": "GHSA-9984-4442-697f",
"modified": "2026-08-04T15:32:21Z",
"published": "2026-08-04T09:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11366"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/283331ca-cc2e-4c2c-9e3b-2e8c6f0c84d2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99F8-H8GR-45GH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-06 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-06 21:30Blue Access Cobalt v02.000.195 suffers from an authentication bypass vulnerability, which allows an attacker to selectively proxy requests in order to operate functionality on the web application without the need to authenticate with legitimate credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60534"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-06T17:15:44Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Blue Access Cobalt v02.000.195 suffers from an authentication bypass vulnerability, which allows an attacker to selectively proxy requests in order to operate functionality on the web application without the need to authenticate with legitimate credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-99f8-h8gr-45gh",
"modified": "2026-01-06T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2026-01-06T18:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60534"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PilotPatrickk/Published-CVEs/blob/main/CVE-2025-60534.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blue.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99FV-V434-WH6F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-12 00:32 – Updated: 2025-02-12 18:31An issue in the SharedConfig class of Telegram Android APK v.11.7.0 allows a physically proximate attacker to bypass authentication and escalate privileges by manipulating the return value of the checkPasscode method.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-54916"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-11T23:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in the SharedConfig class of Telegram Android APK v.11.7.0 allows a physically proximate attacker to bypass authentication and escalate privileges by manipulating the return value of the checkPasscode method.",
"id": "GHSA-99fv-v434-wh6f",
"modified": "2025-02-12T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2025-02-12T00:32:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54916"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1knf8-_fFUSLd3ZmbEpy0_OVzSN1UR1JR/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SAHALLL/CVE-2024-54916"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99HH-R3P8-CJXX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-24 00:00Browsing the admin.html page allows the user to reset the admin password. Also appears in the JS code for the password.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30624"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-18T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Browsing the admin.html page allows the user to reset the admin password. Also appears in the JS code for the password.",
"id": "GHSA-99hh-r3p8-cjxx",
"modified": "2022-07-24T00:00:36Z",
"published": "2022-07-19T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/faq/cve_advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99JG-2FVV-2JFQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:44 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:44A business logic issue in the MStore API WordPress plugin, versions before 3.2.0, had an authentication bypass with Sign In With Apple allowing unauthenticated users to recover an authentication cookie with only an email address.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-24148"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-18T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A business logic issue in the MStore API WordPress plugin, versions before 3.2.0, had an authentication bypass with Sign In With Apple allowing unauthenticated users to recover an authentication cookie with only an email address.",
"id": "GHSA-99jg-2fvv-2jfq",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:44:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:44:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-24148"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/bf5ddc43-974d-41fa-8276-c1a27d3cc882"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-99JJ-QH79-5JR9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:22 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:22FiberHome VDSL2 Modem HG 150-UB devices allow authentication bypass by ignoring the parent.location='login.html' JavaScript code in the response to an unauthenticated request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-9249"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-04T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "FiberHome VDSL2 Modem HG 150-UB devices allow authentication bypass by ignoring the parent.location=\u0027login.html\u0027 JavaScript code in the response to an unauthenticated request.",
"id": "GHSA-99jj-qh79-5jr9",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:22:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:22:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9249"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/pak0s/cd7ac9c2ee659138816f92693d2df602"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99P8-9P2C-49J4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-21 23:20 – Updated: 2024-10-08 12:37Between September 26, 2021 and October 8, 2021, Radically Open Security conducted a penetration test of OnionShare 2.4, funded by the Open Technology Fund's Red Team lab. This is an issue from that penetration test.
- Vulnerability ID: OTF-009
- Vulnerability type: Improper Access Control
- Threat level: Low
Description:
Authenticated users (or unauthenticated in public mode) can send messages without being visible in the list of chat participants.
Technical description:
Prerequisites:
- Existing chatroom
- Access to the chatroom (Public or known Private Key)
- Either a modified frontend client or manual requests from burp/curl
If a user opens the chatroom without emitting the join message he will not be present in session.users[x] list. Therefore there is no listing in the frontend and no chat participant knows another party joined the chat. It is still possible to send messages in the chatroom.
If a user decides to abuse OTF-003 (page 22) he can impersonate messages from existing users; others would not be able to distinguish original and faked messages. This is also a prerequisite for OTF-004 (page 19).
Impact:
An adversary with access to the chat environment can send messages to the chat without being visible in the list of chat participants.
Recommendation:
- Allow chat access only after emission of the join event.
- Implement proper session handling.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "onionshare-cli"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-21695"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-01-19T19:40:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-18T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Between September 26, 2021 and October 8, 2021, [Radically Open Security](https://www.radicallyopensecurity.com/) conducted a penetration test of OnionShare 2.4, funded by the Open Technology Fund\u0027s [Red Team lab](https://www.opentech.fund/labs/red-team-lab/). This is an issue from that penetration test.\n\n- Vulnerability ID: OTF-009\n- Vulnerability type: Improper Access Control\n- Threat level: Low\n\n## Description:\n\nAuthenticated users (or unauthenticated in public mode) can send messages without being visible in the list of chat participants.\n\n## Technical description:\n\nPrerequisites:\n\n- Existing chatroom\n- Access to the chatroom (Public or known Private Key)\n- Either a modified frontend client or manual requests from burp/curl\n\nIf a user opens the chatroom without emitting the join message he will not be present in session.users[x] list. Therefore there is no listing in the frontend and no chat participant knows another party joined the chat. It is still possible to send messages in the chatroom.\n\nIf a user decides to abuse OTF-003 (page 22) he can impersonate messages from existing users; others would not be able to distinguish original and faked messages. This is also a prerequisite for OTF-004 (page 19).\n\n## Impact:\n\nAn adversary with access to the chat environment can send messages to the chat without being visible in the list of chat participants.\n\n## Recommendation:\n\n- Allow chat access only after emission of the join event.\n- Implement proper session handling.",
"id": "GHSA-99p8-9p2c-49j4",
"modified": "2024-10-08T12:37:35Z",
"published": "2022-01-21T23:20:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/onionshare/onionshare/security/advisories/GHSA-99p8-9p2c-49j4"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21695"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/onionshare/onionshare"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/onionshare/onionshare/releases/tag/v2.5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/onionshare-cli/PYSEC-2022-46.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Access Control in Onionshare"
}
GHSA-99V3-9X35-C5VF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:09 – Updated: 2022-07-07 22:34Apache WSS4J before 1.6.17 and 2.x before 2.0.2, as used in Apache CXF 2.7.x before 2.7.13 and 3.0.x before 3.0.2, when using TransportBinding, does not properly enforce the SAML SubjectConfirmation method security semantics, which allows remote attackers to conduct spoofing attacks via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.ws.security:wss4j"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.6.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.wss4j:wss4j-ws-security-dom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-3623"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-07T22:34:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2014-10-30T14:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Apache WSS4J before 1.6.17 and 2.x before 2.0.2, as used in Apache CXF 2.7.x before 2.7.13 and 3.0.x before 3.0.2, when using TransportBinding, does not properly enforce the SAML SubjectConfirmation method security semantics, which allows remote attackers to conduct spoofing attacks via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-99v3-9x35-c5vf",
"modified": "2022-07-07T22:34:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:09:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-3623"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/97754"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WSS-511"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r36e44ffc1a9b365327df62cdfaabe85b9a5637de102cea07d79b2dbf@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc774278135816e7afc943dc9fc78eb0764f2c84a2b96470a0187315c@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd49aabd984ed540c8ff7916d4d79405f3fa311d2fdbcf9ed307839a6@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rec7160382badd3ef4ad017a22f64a266c7188b9ba71394f0d321e2d4@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rfb87e0bf3995e7d560afeed750fac9329ff5f1ad49da365129b7f89e@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rff42cfa5e7d75b7c1af0e37589140a8f1999e578a75738740b244bd4@%3Ccommits.cxf.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0236.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0675.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0850.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-0851.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q4/437"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Improper Authentication in Apache WSS4J"
}
GHSA-99XV-4FXW-WM5H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:54 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:45A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco UCS Director and Cisco UCS Director Express for Big Data could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass authentication and execute arbitrary actions with administrator privileges on an affected system. The vulnerability is due to improper authentication request handling. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow an unprivileged attacker to access and execute arbitrary actions through certain APIs.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-1938"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-21T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco UCS Director and Cisco UCS Director Express for Big Data could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass authentication and execute arbitrary actions with administrator privileges on an affected system. The vulnerability is due to improper authentication request handling. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow an unprivileged attacker to access and execute arbitrary actions through certain APIs.",
"id": "GHSA-99xv-4fxw-wm5h",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:45:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:54:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190821-ucsd-authbypass"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.