Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-203
AllowedObservable Discrepancy
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor.
885 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-29780 (GCVE-0-2025-29780)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-14 17:26 – Updated: 2025-03-19 15:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Post-Quantum Secure Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing has Timing Side-Channels in Matrix Operations
Summary
Post-Quantum Secure Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing provides a Python implementation of Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing (VSS) scheme. In versions 0.8.0b2 and prior, the `feldman_vss` library contains timing side-channel vulnerabilities in its matrix operations, specifically within the `_find_secure_pivot` function and potentially other parts of `_secure_matrix_solve`. These vulnerabilities are due to Python's execution model, which does not guarantee constant-time execution. An attacker with the ability to measure the execution time of these functions (e.g., through repeated calls with carefully crafted inputs) could potentially recover secret information used in the Verifiable Secret Sharing (VSS) scheme. The `_find_secure_pivot` function, used during Gaussian elimination in `_secure_matrix_solve`, attempts to find a non-zero pivot element. However, the conditional statement `if matrix[row][col] != 0 and row_random < min_value:` has execution time that depends on the value of `matrix[row][col]`. This timing difference can be exploited by an attacker. The `constant_time_compare` function in this file also does not provide a constant-time guarantee. The Python implementation of matrix operations in the _find_secure_pivot and _secure_matrix_solve functions cannot guarantee constant-time execution, potentially leaking information about secret polynomial coefficients. An attacker with the ability to make precise timing measurements of these operations could potentially extract secret information through statistical analysis of execution times, though practical exploitation would require significant expertise and controlled execution environments. Successful exploitation of these timing side-channels could allow an attacker to recover secret keys or other sensitive information protected by the VSS scheme. This could lead to a complete compromise of the shared secret. As of time of publication, no patched versions of Post-Quantum Secure Feldman's Verifiable Secret Sharing exist, but other mitigations are available. As acknowledged in the library's documentation, these vulnerabilities cannot be adequately addressed in pure Python. In the short term, consider using this library only in environments where timing measurements by attackers are infeasible. In the medium term, implement your own wrappers around critical operations using constant-time libraries in languages like Rust, Go, or C. In the long term, wait for the planned Rust implementation mentioned in the library documentation that will properly address these issues.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-17 13:53 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/DavidOsipov/PostQuantum-Feldma… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side-channel_attack | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.rambus.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DavidOsipov | PostQuantum-Feldman-VSS |
Affected:
<= 0.8.0b2
|
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CVE-2025-24391 (GCVE-0-2025-24391)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-14 08:15 – Updated: 2025-07-14 12:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Possible user enumeration
Summary
A vulnerability in the External Interface of OTRS allows conclusions to be drawn about the existence of user accounts through different HTTP response codes and messages. This enables an attacker to systematically identify valid email addresses.
This issue affects:
* OTRS 7.0.X
* OTRS 8.0.X
* OTRS 2023.X
* OTRS 2024.X
* OTRS 2025.X
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-14 12:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-07-14 07:00
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CVE-2025-23182 (GCVE-0-2025-23182)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-22 15:30 – Updated: 2025-05-22 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
UBtech – CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy
Summary
CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-22 15:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
References
1 reference
Date Public
2025-05-22 15:22
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CVE-2025-21336 (GCVE-0-2025-21336)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-14 18:04 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows Cryptographic Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Windows Cryptographic Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-14 21:15 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
- CWE-noinfo Not enough information
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
25 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1507 |
Affected:
10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.20890
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7699
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6775
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.5371
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.5371
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.4751
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.4751
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.4751
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.2894
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27520
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27520
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23070
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23070
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25273
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25273
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22371
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22371
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7699
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7699
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6775
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6775
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.3091
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.1369
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.2894
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.2894
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-01-14 08:00
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CVE-2025-13912 (GCVE-0-2025-13912)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-11 17:09 – Updated: 2025-12-11 19:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Potential non-constant time compiled code with Clang LLVM
Summary
Multiple constant-time implementations in wolfSSL before version 5.8.4 may be transformed into non-constant-time binary by LLVM optimizations, which can potentially result in observable timing discrepancies and lead to information disclosure through timing side-channel attacks.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-11 19:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-13736 (GCVE-0-2025-13736)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 07:33 – Updated: 2026-08-06 12:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Username Enumeration via Login Interface in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows User Account Discovery
Summary
When Multi-Attribute Login is enabled, the login interface fails to consistently mask the existence of user accounts. For valid users, the server resolves and displays their canonical username, while for non-existent users, it echoes the original input. This occurs regardless of the validate_username configuration.
The discovery of valid usernames can increase the risk of brute force attacks, social engineering attacks, and targeted information leakage. Attackers can leverage this information to craft more effective phishing campaigns or social engineering tactics to compromise user accounts or extract sensitive data.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-06 12:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Information Disclosure Through Error Messages
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager |
Unknown:
0 , < 5.10.0
(custom)
Affected: 5.10.0 , < 5.10.0.371 (custom) |
|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server |
Unknown:
0 , < 5.10.0
(custom)
Affected: 5.10.0 , < 5.10.0.380 (custom) Affected: 5.11.0 , < 5.11.0.427 (custom) Affected: 6.0.0 , < 6.0.0.254 (custom) Affected: 6.1.0 , < 6.1.0.255 (custom) Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.0.132 (custom) Affected: 7.1.0 , < 7.1.0.40 (custom) Affected: 7.2.0 , < 7.2.0.2 (custom) |
|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking AM |
Unknown:
0 , < 2.0.0
(custom)
Affected: 2.0.0 , < 2.0.0.400 (custom) |
|
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager |
Unknown:
0 , < 3.1.0
(custom)
Affected: 3.1.0 , < 3.1.0.351 (custom) Affected: 3.2.0 , < 3.2.0.455 (custom) Affected: 4.0.0 , < 4.0.0.375 (custom) |
|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking IAM |
Unknown:
0 , < 2.0.0
(custom)
Affected: 2.0.0 , < 2.0.0.420 (custom) |
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CVE-2025-12888 (GCVE-0-2025-12888)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-21 22:50 – Updated: 2025-12-08 15:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Constant Time Issue with Xtensa-based ESP32 and X22519
Summary
Vulnerability in X25519 constant-time cryptographic implementations due to timing side channels introduced by compiler optimizations and CPU architecture limitations, specifically with the Xtensa-based ESP32 chips. If targeting Xtensa it is recommended to use the low memory implementations of X25519, which is now turned on as the default for Xtensa.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-24 15:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-11932 (GCVE-0-2025-11932)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-21 23:01 – Updated: 2025-12-08 15:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Timing Side-Channel in PSK Binder Verification
Summary
The server previously verified the TLS 1.3 PSK binder using a non-constant time method which could potentially leak information about the PSK binder
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-24 16:17 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-11443 (GCVE-0-2025-11443)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-08 07:32 – Updated: 2025-10-08 13:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JhumanJ OpnForm Forgotten Password email information exposure
Summary
A weakness has been identified in JhumanJ OpnForm up to 1.9.3. This affects an unknown function of the file /api/password/email of the component Forgotten Password Handler. This manipulation causes information exposure through discrepancy. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitability is reported as difficult. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited. This issue is currently aligned with Laravel issue #46465, which is why no mitigation action was taken.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-08 13:16 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.327380 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.327380 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.666890 | third-party-advisory |
| https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GUjJA9vUbsXUn… | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-11145 (GCVE-0-2025-11145)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-24 14:25 – Updated: 2026-06-04 19:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
User Enumeration in CBK Soft's enVision
Summary
Observable Discrepancy, Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor, Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in CBK Soft Software Hardware Electronic Computer Systems Industry and Trade Inc. EnVision allows Account Footprinting.
This issue affects enVision: before 250566.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-28 14:04 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0361 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CBK Soft Software Hardware Electronic Computer Systems Industry and Trade Inc. | enVision |
Affected:
0 , < 250566
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-10-24 14:21
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Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
CAPEC-189: Black Box Reverse Engineering
An adversary discovers the structure, function, and composition of a type of computer software through black box analysis techniques. 'Black Box' methods involve interacting with the software indirectly, in the absence of direct access to the executable object. Such analysis typically involves interacting with the software at the boundaries of where the software interfaces with a larger execution environment, such as input-output vectors, libraries, or APIs. Black Box Reverse Engineering also refers to gathering physical side effects of a hardware device, such as electromagnetic radiation or sounds.