Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-203

Allowed

Observable Discrepancy

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor.

836 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-0361 (GCVE-0-2025-0361)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-08 05:38 – Updated: 2025-04-08 14:50
VLAI
Summary
During an annual penetration test conducted on behalf of Axis Communications, Truesec discovered a flaw in the VAPIX Device Configuration framework that allowed for unauthenticated username enumeration through the VAPIX Device Configuration SSH Management API.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Axis Communications AB AXIS OS Affected: 11.11.0 , < 11.11.141 (semver)
Affected: 12.0.0 , < 12.3.56 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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GCVE-1-2025-0003

Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2025-08-22 12:33 – Updated: 2025-08-23 07:55
VLAI
Summary
Incorrect ACL for user settings edit, which previously allowed enumeration of usernames.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
CWE
  • CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
  • CWE-204 - Observable Response Discrepancy
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
cerebrate cerebrate Affected: 1.27
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
🕵️‍♂️ Jeroen Pinoy 🐞
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-54002 (GCVE-0-2024-54002)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-04 15:33 – Updated: 2024-12-04 21:39
VLAI
Title
Dependency-Track allows enumeration of managed users via /api/v1/user/login endpoint
Summary
Dependency-Track is a Component Analysis platform that allows organizations to identify and reduce risk in the software supply chain. Performing a login request against the /api/v1/user/login endpoint with a username that exist in the system takes significantly longer than performing the same action with a username that is not known by the system. The observable difference in request duration can be leveraged by actors to enumerate valid names of managed users. LDAP and OpenID Connect users are not affected. The issue has been fixed in Dependency-Track 4.12.2.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
DependencyTrack dependency-track Affected: < 4.12.2
Create a notification for this product.
dependencytrack dependency-track Affected: 0 , < 4.12.2 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:dependencytrack:dependency-track:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-51477 (GCVE-0-2024-51477)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-28 23:51 – Updated: 2025-09-01 01:00
VLAI
Title
IBM InfoSphere Information Server information disclosure
Summary
IBM InfoSphere Information Server 11.7 could allow an authenticated to obtain sensitive username information due to an observable response discrepancy.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
ibm
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7185058 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM InfoSphere Information Server Affected: 11.7
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:infosphere_information_server:11.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-49358 (GCVE-0-2024-49358)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-24 21:25 – Updated: 2024-10-25 17:28
VLAI
Title
ZimaOS vulnerable to Username Enumeration via API Responses
Summary
ZimaOS is a fork of CasaOS, an operating system for Zima devices and x86-64 systems with UEFI. In version 1.2.4 and all prior versions, the API endpoint `http://<Server-IP>/v1/users/login` in ZimaOS returns distinct responses based on whether a username exists or the password is incorrect. This behavior can be exploited for username enumeration, allowing attackers to determine whether a user exists in the system or not. Attackers can leverage this information in further attacks, such as credential stuffing or targeted password brute-forcing. As of time of publication, no known patched versions are available.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IceWhaleTech ZimaOS Affected: <= 1.2.4
Create a notification for this product.
icewhaletech zimaos Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.2.4 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:o:icewhaletech:zimaos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-47869 (GCVE-0-2024-47869)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-10 22:16 – Updated: 2024-10-11 15:08
VLAI
Title
Non-constant-time comparison when comparing hashes in Gradio
Summary
Gradio is an open-source Python package designed for quick prototyping. This vulnerability involves a **timing attack** in the way Gradio compares hashes for the `analytics_dashboard` function. Since the comparison is not done in constant time, an attacker could exploit this by measuring the response time of different requests to infer the correct hash byte-by-byte. This can lead to unauthorized access to the analytics dashboard, especially if the attacker can repeatedly query the system with different keys. Users are advised to upgrade to `gradio>4.44` to mitigate this issue. To mitigate the risk before applying the patch, developers can manually patch the `analytics_dashboard` dashboard to use a **constant-time comparison** function for comparing sensitive values, such as hashes. Alternatively, access to the analytics dashboard can be disabled.
Severity
2.3 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
gradio-app gradio Affected: < 4.44
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2024-47057 (GCVE-0-2024-47057)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-28 17:23 – Updated: 2025-05-29 18:59
VLAI
Title
User name enumeration possible due to response time difference on password reset form
Summary
SummaryThis advisory addresses a security vulnerability in Mautic related to the "Forget your password" functionality. This vulnerability could be exploited by unauthenticated users to enumerate valid usernames. User Enumeration via Timing Attack: A user enumeration vulnerability exists in the "Forget your password" functionality. Differences in response times for existing and non-existing users, combined with a lack of request limiting, allow an attacker to determine the existence of usernames through a timing-based attack. MitigationPlease update to a version that addresses this timing vulnerability, where password reset responses are normalized to respond at the same time regardless of user existence.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Mautic Mautic Affected: > 1.0 , < < 6.0.2, < 5.2.6, < 4.4.16 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-05-28 16:13
Credits
Tomasz Kowalczyk Patryk Gruszka Nick Vanpraet Tomasz Kowalczyk
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-45089 (GCVE-0-2024-45089)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-31 15:58 – Updated: 2025-01-31 16:47
VLAI
Title
IBM Sterling B2B Integrator information disclosure
Summary
IBM Sterling B2B Integrator 6.0.0.0 through 6.1.2.5 and 6.2.0.0 through 6.2.0.3 Standard Edition EBICS server could allow an authenticated user to obtain sensitive filename information due to an observable discrepancy.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
ibm
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM Sterling B2B Integrator Affected: 6.0.0.0 , ≤ 6.1.2.5 (semver)
Affected: 6.2.0.0 , ≤ 6.2.0.3 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:sterling_b2b_integrator:6.0.0.0:*:*:*:standard:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:sterling_b2b_integrator:6.1.2.5:*:*:*:standard:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:sterling_b2b_integrator:6.2.0.0:*:*:*:standard:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:sterling_b2b_integrator:6.2.0.3:*:*:*:standard:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2024-43546 (GCVE-0-2024-43546)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-08 17:35 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:28
VLAI
Title
Windows Cryptographic Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Windows Cryptographic Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Severity
5.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19043.0 , < 10.0.19044.5011 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.5011 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.22000.0 , < 10.0.22000.3260 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.4317 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 22H3 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.4317 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.4317 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.2033 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.2762 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.1189 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-10-08 07:00
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2024-41952 (GCVE-0-2024-41952)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-31 16:30 – Updated: 2024-07-31 17:36
VLAI
Title
Zitadel has an "Ignoring unknown usernames" vulnerability
Summary
Zitadel is an open source identity management system. ZITADEL administrators can enable a setting called "Ignoring unknown usernames" which helps mitigate attacks that try to guess/enumerate usernames. If enabled, ZITADEL will show the password prompt even if the user doesn't exist and report "Username or Password invalid". Due to a implementation change to prevent deadlocks calling the database, the flag would not be correctly respected in all cases and an attacker would gain information if an account exist within ZITADEL, since the error message shows "object not found" instead of the generic error message. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.58.1, 2.57.1, 2.56.2, 2.55.5, 2.54.8, and 2.53.9.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zitadel zitadel Affected: >= 2.53.0, < 2.53.9
Affected: >= 2.54.0, < 2.54.8
Affected: >= 2.55.0, < 2.55.5
Affected: >= 2.56.0, < 2.56.2
Affected: >= 2.57.0, < 2.57.1
Affected: >= 2.58.0, < 2.58.1
Create a notification for this product.
zitadel zitadel Affected: 2.53.0 , < 2.53.9 (custom)
Affected: 2.54.0 , < 2.54.8 (custom)
Affected: 2.55.0 , < 2.55.5 (custom)
Affected: 2.56.0 , < 2.56.2 (custom)
Affected: 2.57.0 , < 2.57.1 (custom)
Affected: 2.58.0 , < 2.58.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
CAPEC-189: Black Box Reverse Engineering

An adversary discovers the structure, function, and composition of a type of computer software through black box analysis techniques. 'Black Box' methods involve interacting with the software indirectly, in the absence of direct access to the executable object. Such analysis typically involves interacting with the software at the boundaries of where the software interfaces with a larger execution environment, such as input-output vectors, libraries, or APIs. Black Box Reverse Engineering also refers to gathering physical side effects of a hardware device, such as electromagnetic radiation or sounds.

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