Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-203
AllowedObservable Discrepancy
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor.
885 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-4040 (GCVE-0-2026-4040)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-12 12:02 – Updated: 2026-03-12 13:08 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw File Existence tools.exec.safeBins information exposure
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in OpenClaw up to 2026.2.17. This issue affects the function tools.exec.safeBins of the component File Existence Handler. The manipulation leads to information exposure through discrepancy. The attack needs to be performed locally. Upgrading to version 2026.2.19-beta.1 is capable of addressing this issue. The identifier of the patch is bafdbb6f112409a65decd3d4e7350fbd637c7754. Upgrading the affected component is advised.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-12 13:08 UTC
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.350652 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.350652 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769581 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | related |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/bafdb… | patch |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag… | patch |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | OpenClaw |
Affected:
2026.2.0
Affected: 2026.2.1 Affected: 2026.2.2 Affected: 2026.2.3 Affected: 2026.2.4 Affected: 2026.2.5 Affected: 2026.2.6 Affected: 2026.2.7 Affected: 2026.2.8 Affected: 2026.2.9 Affected: 2026.2.10 Affected: 2026.2.11 Affected: 2026.2.12 Affected: 2026.2.13 Affected: 2026.2.14 Affected: 2026.2.15 Affected: 2026.2.16 Affected: 2026.2.17 Unaffected: 2026.2.19-beta.1 cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:openclaw:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-3580 (GCVE-0-2026-3580)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-19 19:46 – Updated: 2026-03-19 20:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Compiler-induced timing leak in sp_256_get_entry_256_9 on RISC-V
Summary
In wolfSSL 5.8.4, constant-time masking logic in sp_256_get_entry_256_9 is optimized into conditional branches (bnez) by GCC when targeting RISC-V RV32I with -O3. This transformation breaks the side-channel resistance of ECC scalar multiplication, potentially allowing a local attacker to recover secret keys via timing analysis.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-19 20:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
References
1 reference
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CVE-2026-3579 (GCVE-0-2026-3579)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-19 19:37 – Updated: 2026-03-24 01:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Non-constant time multiplication subroutine __muldi3 on RISC-V RV32I
Summary
wolfSSL 5.8.4 on RISC-V RV32I architectures lacks a constant-time software implementation for 64-bit multiplication. The compiler-inserted __muldi3 subroutine executes in variable time based on operand values. This affects multiple SP math functions (sp_256_mul_9, sp_256_sqr_9, etc.), leading to a timing side-channel that may expose sensitive cryptographic data.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-24 01:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-64749 (GCVE-0-2025-64749)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-13 21:34 – Updated: 2025-11-14 17:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Directus Vulnerable to Information Leakage in Existing Collections
Summary
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. An observable difference in error messaging was found in the Directus REST API in versions of Directus prior to version 11.13.0. The `/items/{collection}` API returns different error messages for two cases: when a user tries to access an existing collection which they are not authorized to access, and when user tries to access a non-existing collection. The two differing error messages leak the existence of collections to users which are not authorized to access these collections. Version 11.13.0 fixes the issue.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-14 17:14 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/directus/directus/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/directus/directus/commit/f99c9… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-57770 (GCVE-0-2025-57770)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-22 16:50 – Updated: 2025-08-22 20:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ZITADEL user enumeration vulnerability in login UI
Summary
The open-source identity infrastructure software Zitadel allows administrators to disable the user self-registration. Versions 4.0.0 to 4.0.2, 3.0.0 to 3.3.6, and all versions prior to 2.71.15 are vulnerable to a username enumeration issue in the login interface. The login UI includes a security feature, Ignoring unknown usernames, that is intended to prevent username enumeration by returning a generic response for both valid and invalid usernames. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass this protection by submitting arbitrary userIDs to the select account page and distinguishing between valid and invalid accounts based on the system's response. For effective exploitation, an attacker needs to iterate through possible userIDs, but the impact can be limited by implementing rate limiting or similar measures. The issue has been patched in versions 4.0.3, 3.4.0, and 2.71.15.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-22 20:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/7abe759… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v3.4.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.0.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://zitadel.com/docs/self-hosting/manage/prod… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-54999 (GCVE-0-2025-54999)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-09 02:00 – Updated: 2025-08-11 14:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenBao: Timing Side-Channel in Userpass Auth Method
Summary
OpenBao exists to provide a software solution to manage, store, and distribute sensitive data including secrets, certificates, and keys. In versions 0.1.0 through 2.3.1, when using OpenBao's userpass auth method, user enumeration was possible due to timing difference between non-existent users and users with stored credentials. This is independent of whether the supplied credentials were valid for the given user. This issue was fixed in version 2.3.2. To work around this issue, users may use another auth method or apply rate limiting quotas to limit the number of requests in a period of time: https://openbao.org/api-docs/system/rate-limit-quotas/.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-11 14:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openbao/openbao/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/openbao/openbao/commit/4d9b5d3… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-15-tim… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-21-vau… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-54477 (GCVE-0-2025-54477)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 16:02 – Updated: 2025-10-01 04:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Joomla! Core - [20250902] User-Enumeration in passkey authentication method
Summary
Improper handling of authentication requests lead to a user enumeration vector in the passkey authentication method.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-30 17:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://developer.joomla.org/security-centre/1011… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joomla! Project | Joomla! CMS |
Affected:
4.0.0-4.4.13
Affected: 5.0.0-5.3.3 |
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CVE-2025-52576 (GCVE-0-2025-52576)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-25 16:46 – Updated: 2025-06-25 17:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kanboard vulnerable to Username Enumeration via Login Behavior and Bruteforce Protection Bypass
Summary
Kanboard is project management software that focuses on the Kanban methodology. Prior to version 1.2.46, Kanboard is vulnerable to username enumeration and IP spoofing-based brute-force protection bypass. By analyzing login behavior and abusing trusted HTTP headers, an attacker can determine valid usernames and circumvent rate-limiting or blocking mechanisms. Any organization running a publicly accessible Kanboard instance is affected, especially if relying on IP-based protections like Fail2Ban or CAPTCHA for login rate-limiting. Attackers with access to the login page can exploit this flaw to enumerate valid usernames and bypass IP-based blocking mechanisms, putting all user accounts at higher risk of brute-force or credential stuffing attacks. Version 1.2.46 contains a patch for the issue.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-25 17:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/kanboard/kanboard/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/kanboard/kanboard/commit/30796… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/kanboard/kanboard/blob/cbb7e60… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/kanboard/kanboard/blob/cbb7e60… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-47872 (GCVE-0-2025-47872)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-08 16:14 – Updated: 2025-08-08 19:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
EG4 Electronics EG4 Inverters Observable Discrepancy
Summary
The public-facing product registration endpoint server responds
differently depending on whether the S/N is valid and unregistered,
valid but already registered, or does not exist in the database.
Combined with the fact that serial numbers are sequentially assigned,
this allows an attacker to gain information on the product registration
status of different S/Ns.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-08 19:13 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
7 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| EG4 Electronics | EG4 12kPV |
Affected:
all versions
|
|
| EG4 Electronics | EG4 18kPV |
Affected:
all versions
|
|
| EG4 Electronics | EG4 Flex 21 |
Affected:
all versions
|
|
| EG4 Electronics | EG4 Flex 18 |
Affected:
all versions
|
|
| EG4 Electronics | EG4 6000XP |
Affected:
all versions
|
|
| EG4 Electronics | EG4 12000XP |
Affected:
all versions
|
|
| EG4 Electronics | EG4 GridBoss |
Affected:
all versions
|
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CVE-2025-46804 (GCVE-0-2025-46804)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-26 13:31 – Updated: 2025-05-28 13:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Screen 5.0.0 and older versions allow file existence tests when installed setuid-root
Summary
A minor information leak when running Screen with setuid-root privileges allows unprivileged users to deduce information about a path that would otherwise not be available.
Affected are older Screen versions, as well as version 5.0.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-27 14:06 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-05-12 15:24
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Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
CAPEC-189: Black Box Reverse Engineering
An adversary discovers the structure, function, and composition of a type of computer software through black box analysis techniques. 'Black Box' methods involve interacting with the software indirectly, in the absence of direct access to the executable object. Such analysis typically involves interacting with the software at the boundaries of where the software interfaces with a larger execution environment, such as input-output vectors, libraries, or APIs. Black Box Reverse Engineering also refers to gathering physical side effects of a hardware device, such as electromagnetic radiation or sounds.