Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1336

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.

313 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-40477 (GCVE-0-2026-40477)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-17 21:53 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:00
VLAI
Title
Improper restriction of the scope of accessible objects in Thymeleaf expressions
Summary
Thymeleaf is a server-side Java template engine for web and standalone environments. Versions 3.1.3.RELEASE and prior contain a security bypass vulnerability in the expression execution mechanisms. Although the library provides mechanisms to prevent expression injection, it fails to properly restrict the scope of accessible objects, allowing specific potentially sensitive objects to be reached from within a template. If an application developer passes unvalidated user input directly to the template engine, an unauthenticated remote attacker can bypass the library's protections to achieve Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI). This issue has ben fixed in version 3.1.4.RELEASE.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-917 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-40320 (GCVE-0-2026-40320)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-17 17:25 – Updated: 2026-04-20 13:46
VLAI
Title
Giskard has an Unsandboxed Jinja2 Template Rendering in ConformityCheck
Summary
Giskard is an open-source testing framework for AI models. In versions prior to 1.0.2b1, the ConformityCheck class rendered the rule parameter through Jinja2's default Template() constructor, silently interpreting template expressions at runtime. If check definitions are loaded from an untrusted source, a crafted rule string could achieve arbitrary code execution. Exploitation requires write access to a check definition and subsequent execution of the test suite. This issue has been fixed in giskard-checks version 1.0.2b1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Giskard-AI giskard-oss Affected: < 1.0.2b1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-40087 (GCVE-0-2026-40087)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 19:34 – Updated: 2026-04-14 14:48
VLAI
Title
LangChain has incomplete f-string validation in prompt templates
Summary
LangChain is a framework for building agents and LLM-powered applications. Prior to 0.3.84 and 1.2.28, LangChain's f-string prompt-template validation was incomplete in two respects. First, some prompt template classes accepted f-string templates and formatted them without enforcing the same attribute-access validation as PromptTemplate. In particular, DictPromptTemplate and ImagePromptTemplate could accept templates containing attribute access or indexing expressions and subsequently evaluate those expressions during formatting. Second, f-string validation based on parsed top-level field names did not reject nested replacement fields inside format specifiers. In this pattern, the nested replacement field appears in the format specifier rather than in the top-level field name. As a result, earlier validation based on parsed field names did not reject the template even though Python formatting would still attempt to resolve the nested expression at runtime. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.3.84 and 1.2.28.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
langchain-ai langchain Affected: < 0.3.83
Affected: >= 1.0.0a1, < 1.2.28
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-39980 (GCVE-0-2026-39980)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 16:54 – Updated: 2026-04-09 18:44
VLAI
Title
OpenCTI affected by RCE via notifier template
Summary
OpenCTI is an open source platform for managing cyber threat intelligence knowledge and observables. Prior to 6.9.5, the safeEjs.ts file does not properly sanitize EJS templates. Users with the Manage customization capability can run arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the OpenCTI platform process during notifier template execution. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.9.5.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenCTI-Platform opencti Affected: < 6.9.5
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-35477 (GCVE-0-2026-35477)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 19:20 – Updated: 2026-04-10 20:43
VLAI
Title
InvenTree has SSTI in PART_NAME_FORMAT bypasses CVE-2026-27629 fix via {% if part.pk %} sandbox escape
Summary
InvenTree is an Open Source Inventory Management System. From 1.2.3 to 1.2.6, the fix for CVE-2026-27629 upgraded the PART_NAME_FORMAT validator to use jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment. However, the actual renderer in part/helpers.py was not updated and still uses the non-sandboxed jinja2.Environment. Additionally, the validator uses a dummy Part instance with pk=None, which allows conditional template expressions to behave differently during validation versus production rendering. A staff user with settings access can craft a template that passes validation but executes arbitrary code during rendering. This issue requires access by a user with granted staff permissions. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.2.7 and 1.3.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
inventree InvenTree Affected: >= 1.2.3, < 1.2.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-35044 (GCVE-0-2026-35044)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-06 17:13 – Updated: 2026-04-06 18:49
VLAI
Title
BentoML has a Server-Side Template Injection via unsandboxed Jinja2 Environment in Dockerfile generation
Summary
BentoML is a Python library for building online serving systems optimized for AI apps and model inference. Prior to 1.4.38, the Dockerfile generation function generate_containerfile() in src/bentoml/_internal/container/generate.py uses an unsandboxed jinja2.Environment with the jinja2.ext.do extension to render user-provided dockerfile_template files. When a victim imports a malicious bento archive and runs bentoml containerize, attacker-controlled Jinja2 template code executes arbitrary Python directly on the host machine, bypassing all container isolation. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.38.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
bentoml BentoML Affected: < 1.4.38
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-34906 (GCVE-0-2026-34906)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 08:31 – Updated: 2026-06-02 13:15
VLAI
Title
Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Wirtualna Uczelnia
Summary
Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Wirtualna Uczelnia allows an unauthenticated attacker to perform Remote Code Execution (RCE). In the endpoint redirectToUrl and parameter redirectUrlParameter, insufficient input validation permits injection of arbitrary template expressions that are executed on the server. Successful exploitation can allow an attacker to run remote commands, including establishing a reverse shell. This issue affects Wirtualna Uczelnia versions up to wu#2016.437.295#0#20260327_105545
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Simple SA Wirtualna Uczelnia Affected: 0 , ≤ wu#2016.437.295#0#20260327_105545 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Dawid Bakaj - VIPentest
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-34724 (GCVE-0-2026-34724)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 18:17 – Updated: 2026-04-09 16:17
VLAI
Title
Zammad has a server-side template injection leading to RCE via AI Agent
Summary
Zammad is a web based open source helpdesk/customer support system. Prior to 7.0.1, a server-side template injection vulnerability which leads to RCE via AI Agent exists. Impact is limited to environments where an attacker can control or influence type_enrichment_data (typically high-privilege administrative configuration). This vulnerability is fixed in 7.0.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zammad zammad Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.0.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-34587 (GCVE-0-2026-34587)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-24 00:23 – Updated: 2026-04-24 18:18
VLAI
Title
Kirby has Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) via double template resolution in option rendering
Summary
Kirby is an open-source content management system. Prior to versions 4.9.0 and 5.4.0, Kirby's user permissions control which user role is allowed to perform specific actions to content models in the CMS. These permissions are defined for each role in the user blueprint (`site/blueprints/users/...`). It is also possible to customize the permissions for each target model in the model blueprints (such as in `site/blueprints/pages/...`) using the `options` feature. The permissions and options together control the authorization of user actions. For pages, Kirby provides the `pages.create` and `pages.changeStatus` permissions (among others). In affected releases, Kirby checked these permissions independently and only for the respective action. However the `changeStatus` permission didn't take effect on page creation. New pages are created as drafts by default and need to be published by changing the page status of an existing page draft. This is ensured when the page is created via the Kirby Panel. However the REST API allows to override the `isDraft` flag when creating a new page. This allowed authenticated attackers with the `pages.create` permission to immediately create published pages, bypassing the normal editorial workflow. The problem has been patched in Kirby 4.9.0 and Kirby 5.4.0. Kirby has updated the `Options` logic to no longer double-resolve queries in option values coming from `OptionsQuery` or `OptionsApi` sources. Kirby now only resolves queries that are directly configured in the blueprints.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getkirby kirby Affected: < 4.9.0
Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-34202 (GCVE-0-2026-34202)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-31 14:02 – Updated: 2026-03-31 17:17
VLAI
Title
Zebra node crash — V5 transaction hash panic (P2P reachable)
Summary
ZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to zebrad version 4.3.0 and zebra-chain version 6.0.1, a vulnerability in Zebra's transaction processing logic allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to cause a Zebra node to panic (crash). This is triggered by sending a specially crafted V5 transaction that passes initial deserialization but fails during transaction ID calculation. This issue has been patched in zebrad version 4.3.0 and zebra-chain version 6.0.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.