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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1336

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.

430 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-72717 (GCVE-0-2026-72717)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:39 – Updated: 2026-08-21 19:44
VLAI
Title
Orval: Import-time RCE via schema default -> zod module-level template literal
Summary
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in a schema default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 19:44 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
orval-labs orval Affected: < 8.21.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-72716 (GCVE-0-2026-72716)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:33 – Updated: 2026-08-19 17:48
VLAI
Title
Orval: Import-time RCE via query-parameter default -> zod module-level template literal
Summary
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in a query parameter default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 17:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
orval-labs orval Affected: < 8.21.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-71880 (GCVE-0-2026-71880)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 17:56 – Updated: 2026-08-18 19:29
VLAI
Title
Server-side template injection in Integrated Publishing Toolkit
Summary
Interpretation of untrusted input in template engine in GBIF Integrated Publishing Toolkit versions before 3.3.4 allows remote authenticated attackers to access server-side files and state via template injection
Severity
7.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 19:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GBIF Integrated Publishing Toolkit Affected: 0 , < 3.3.4 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-71871 (GCVE-0-2026-71871)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:33 – Updated: 2026-08-21 21:49
VLAI
Title
Orval: Import-time RCE via header-parameter default -> zod module-level template literal
Summary
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in a header parameter default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 21:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
orval-labs orval Affected: < 8.21.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-71869 (GCVE-0-2026-71869)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:36 – Updated: 2026-08-25 03:32
VLAI
Title
Orval: Import-time RCE via array-items default -> zod module-level template literal
Summary
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an array item default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 03:32 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
orval-labs orval Affected: < 8.21.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-71868 (GCVE-0-2026-71868)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:37 – Updated: 2026-08-21 19:43
VLAI
Title
Orval: Import-time RCE via enum-typed default -> zod module-level template literal
Summary
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 19:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
orval-labs orval Affected: < 8.21.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-71502 (GCVE-0-2026-71502)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 20:30 – Updated: 2026-08-08 21:05
VLAI
Title
Unauthenticated Stored Vue Template Injection Leads to Cross-Site Scripting in CTI-Transmute
Summary
CTI-Transmute contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability caused by insufficient neutralization of Vue template expression delimiters in server-rendered user-controlled data. An unauthenticated attacker can create a public conversion whose name or description contains a malicious Vue expression using the application's configured [[ ... ]] delimiters. User profile names may provide an additional injection vector. Although Jinja HTML escaping is applied, the resulting value is subsequently included in a DOM region compiled by Vue. Vue interprets the attacker-controlled value as a template expression rather than ordinary text. By accessing the JavaScript Function constructor from within the expression, an attacker can execute arbitrary JavaScript in the security context of the CTI-Transmute origin. The application's nonce-based Content Security Policy does not prevent exploitation because the Vue runtime compiler requires the unsafe-eval policy exception. The malicious payload is stored by the application and executed whenever another user opens an affected page, such as the public conversion detail page. The victim may be a normal user or an administrator. Successful exploitation could allow the attacker to: * Access data available to the victim through the application. * Extract API keys, tokens, or other sensitive information exposed to the page. * Perform authenticated actions using the victim's session. * Modify conversions or other application data. * Escalate the impact by targeting an administrator. A demonstrated payload can use [].constructor.constructor(...) to obtain the JavaScript Function constructor and execute arbitrary code. The regression tests also show that a short first-stage payload could retrieve an uncapped conversion description and evaluate a larger second-stage payload. The patch addresses the vulnerability by registering a global Jinja finalize hook that inserts a zero-width Unicode word joiner inside every Vue delimiter found in server-rendered values. This prevents Vue from recognizing the values as template expressions while preserving their visible representation.
Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 13:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-1336
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
misp cti-transmute Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
🕵️‍♂️ Jeroen Pinoy 🐞 Christian Studer
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-71291 (GCVE-0-2026-71291)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 12:38 – Updated: 2026-08-10 11:47
VLAI
Title
Bolt CMS Server-Side Template Injection via Unsandboxed allow_twig Field Rendering
Summary
Bolt CMS renders content field values through Twig's full application-level Environment with no SandboxExtension registered anywhere in the codebase. In src/Entity/Field.php, getTwigValue calls shouldBeRenderedAsTwig, which gates rendering only on the field definition's allow_twig flag and a regex checking for , , or ; when true, the raw field value is compiled and rendered via with no sandboxing.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-05 15:46 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://github.com/bolt/core third-party-advisory
https://github.com/bolt/core/blob/6.1/src/Entity/… third-party-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
bolt core Affected: 0 , ≤ 6.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-05 12:38
Credits
Saidakbarxon Maxsudxonov
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-71286 (GCVE-0-2026-71286)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 12:26 – Updated: 2026-08-10 11:47
VLAI
Title
ember-dynamic-render-template Client-Side Template Injection via Unsanitized templateString
Summary
The render-template component of ember-dynamic-render-template (addon/components/render-template.js) passes its property directly into Ember/Glimmer's compileTemplate (from @ember/template-compilation) with no sanitization, allow-listing, or validation of the input.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-05 15:45 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
miguelcobain ember-dynamic-render-template Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.0.6 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-05 12:26
Credits
Bekzod Tursunov
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-71239 (GCVE-0-2026-71239)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 10:56 – Updated: 2026-08-10 11:45
VLAI
Title
DjangoCRM - Server-Side Template Injection in Mass Mail Message Rendering
Summary
DjangoCRM's massmail module renders user-controlled EmlMessage fields (subject, content) through Django's Template constructor with no sanitization, in at least three locations: message_previews.py builds an f-string embedding message.subject/message.content directly into a Template call; email_creators.py passes eml_message.subject directly as a template string to Template; and helpers.py contains the same f-string interpolation pattern.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-05 12:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://github.com/DjangoCRM/django-crm third-party-advisory
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-05 10:56
Credits
Mirdavlatov Mira'zam
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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