Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1336

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.

346 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-71291 (GCVE-0-2026-71291)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 12:38 – Updated: 2026-08-05 15:47
VLAI
Title
Bolt CMS Server-Side Template Injection via Unsandboxed allow_twig Field Rendering
Summary
Bolt CMS renders content field values through Twig's full application-level Environment with no SandboxExtension registered anywhere in the codebase. In src/Entity/Field.php, getTwigValue() calls shouldBeRenderedAsTwig(), which gates rendering only on the field definition's allow_twig flag and a regex checking for `{{`, `{%`, or `{#`; when true, the raw field value is compiled and rendered via `self::getTwig()->createTemplate($value)->render(['record' => $this->getContent()])` with no sandboxing. Bolt's own bundled config/bolt/contenttypes.yaml sets `allow_twig: true` on the default "pages" contenttype's content field out of the box. Any user with edit access to that content type (a standard editor role, not just an administrator) can inject a Twig payload such as `{{ ['id']|map('passthru')|join }}` that executes arbitrary OS commands when the content is saved and rendered, achieving remote code execution as the web server user.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
bolt core Affected: 0 , ≤ 6.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Saidakbarxon Maxsudxonov
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-71286 (GCVE-0-2026-71286)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 12:26 – Updated: 2026-08-05 15:45
VLAI
Title
ember-dynamic-render-template Client-Side Template Injection via Unsanitized templateString
Summary
The render-template component of ember-dynamic-render-template (addon/components/render-template.js) passes its `templateString` property directly into Ember/Glimmer's compileTemplate() (from @ember/template-compilation) with no sanitization, allow-listing, or validation of the input. Because compileTemplate() dynamically compiles and renders the supplied string as a live Handlebars/Glimmer template, any application that renders attacker-influenced data through this component's templateString property is exposed to client-side template injection: an attacker-controlled Handlebars expression is compiled and executed in the context of the rendering component, which can be leveraged for cross-site scripting depending on what helpers/context are exposed to the compiled template.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
miguelcobain ember-dynamic-render-template Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.0.6 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Bekzod Tursunov
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-71239 (GCVE-0-2026-71239)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 10:56 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:56
VLAI
Title
DjangoCRM: Server-Side Template Injection in Mass Mail Message Rendering
Summary
DjangoCRM's massmail module renders user-controlled EmlMessage fields (subject, content) through Django's Template() constructor with no sanitization, in at least three locations: message_previews.py builds an f-string embedding message.subject/message.content directly into a Template() call; email_creators.py passes eml_message.subject directly as a template string to Template(); and helpers.py contains the same f-string interpolation pattern. An authenticated user with mass-mail message edit rights can inject Django template syntax ({{ }} / {% %}) that executes at render time, enabling disclosure of other users' data and password hashes via request context variables, CSRF token forgery, and inclusion of arbitrary registered templates.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
Mirdavlatov Mira'zam
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-63728 (GCVE-0-2026-63728)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-20 23:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 13:55
VLAI
Title
Gitleaks Secret Exfiltration via Non-Hermetic Sprig Template Functions in Report Template Feature
Summary
Gitleaks prior to 8.30.1 contains a template injection vulnerability that allows attackers who can supply or influence report templates to read arbitrary environment variables and exfiltrate sensitive data by leveraging non-hermetic Sprig template functions. Attackers can craft malicious report templates using the env, expandenv, and getHostByName functions to extract credentials, tokens, and API keys from the host process and exfiltrate them through DNS queries, including secrets discovered during the scan itself.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
gitleaks gitleaks Affected: 0 , < 8.30.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-20 00:00
Credits
Fatih Çelik
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-55794 (GCVE-0-2026-55794)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 23:26 – Updated: 2026-07-02 12:41
VLAI
Title
Craft CMS: Potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via referrer redirect
Summary
Craft CMS is a content management system (CMS). In versions 5.9.0 and above prior to 5.10.0, control panel users with the ability to edit entries can execute unsandboxed Twig code via the HTTP Referrer header, potentially leading to authenticated RCE. The issue happens when a user is saving entries. Strings for a signed redirect URL are being compiled as a Twig template via renderObjectTemplate(), and while a sandboxed alternative already exists (renderSandboxedObjectTemplate()), it is not used in this case. This signed URL can be specified by users, as it is reflected in the “Referer” HTTP request header, which is under attacker control. This issue has been fixed in version 5.10.0.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
craftcms cms Affected: >= 5.9.0, < 5.10.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-55242 (GCVE-0-2026-55242)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 15:38 – Updated: 2026-07-15 16:02
VLAI
Title
ERPNext: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Batch autonaming via Stock Settings.naming_series_prefix
Summary
ERPNext is a free and open source Enterprise Resource Planning tool. Prior to 15.111.0 and 16.22.0, an authenticated user with a standard operational role can trigger server-side template injection through a configuration field, resulting in unauthorized disclosure of data outside the user's normal permission scope. This issue is fixed in versions 15.111.0 and 16.22.0.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
frappe erpnext Affected: < 15.111.0
Affected: >= 16.0.0, < 16.22.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54666 (GCVE-0-2026-54666)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 14:34 – Updated: 2026-07-30 13:47
VLAI
Title
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped OpenAPI path strings in generated method bodies
Summary
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from an OpenAPI Specification. Prior to 13.12.2, src/schema-routes/schema-routes.ts passes OpenAPI path keys through parseRouteName to templates/default/procedure-call.ejs and templates/modular/procedure-call.ejs without escaping JavaScript template literal interpolation, allowing an attacker-controlled path containing ${...} to execute when the generated method is called. This issue is fixed in version 13.12.2.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54664 (GCVE-0-2026-54664)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 14:32 – Updated: 2026-07-30 15:19
VLAI
Title
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped enum string values
Summary
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from an OpenAPI Specification. Prior to 13.12.2, src/schema-parser/base-schema-parsers/enum.ts passes components.schemas.*.enum[i] values to Ts.StringValue in src/configuration.ts without escaping before templates/base/enum-data-contract.ejs renders TypeScript enum declarations, allowing an attacker-controlled OpenAPI spec to inject code that executes when the generated module is imported. This issue is fixed in version 13.12.2.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54662 (GCVE-0-2026-54662)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 14:26 – Updated: 2026-07-29 15:16
VLAI
Title
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped `servers[0].url` in fetch http-client template
Summary
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from OpenAPI specifications. Prior to 13.12.2, src/code-gen-process.ts createApiConfig copies servers[0].url into apiConfig.baseUrl, and templates/base/http-clients/fetch-http-client.ejs interpolates apiConfig.baseUrl into the generated HttpClient baseUrl field without escaping, allowing an attacker-controlled OpenAPI spec to inject TypeScript static field code that executes when the generated fetch client module is imported. This issue is fixed in version 13.12.2.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54661 (GCVE-0-2026-54661)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 14:30 – Updated: 2026-07-29 15:00
VLAI
Title
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped `servers[0].url` in axios http-client template
Summary
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from an OpenAPI Specification. Prior to 13.12.2, templates/base/http-clients/axios-http-client.ejs interpolates servers[0].url from src/code-gen-process.ts into the HttpClient constructor without escaping, allowing an attacker-controlled OpenAPI spec to inject code that executes when new HttpClient() or new Api() is constructed. This issue is fixed in version 13.12.2.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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