Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1336
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
460 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-34724 (GCVE-0-2026-34724)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 18:17 – Updated: 2026-04-09 16:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Zammad has a server-side template injection leading to RCE via AI Agent
Summary
Zammad is a web based open source helpdesk/customer support system. Prior to 7.0.1, a server-side template injection vulnerability which leads to RCE via AI Agent exists. Impact is limited to environments where an attacker can control or influence type_enrichment_data (typically high-privilege administrative configuration). This vulnerability is fixed in 7.0.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-09 15:01 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/zammad/zammad/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-34587 (GCVE-0-2026-34587)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-24 00:23 – Updated: 2026-04-24 18:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kirby has Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) via double template resolution in option rendering
Summary
Kirby is an open-source content management system. Prior to versions 4.9.0 and 5.4.0, Kirby's user permissions control which user role is allowed to perform specific actions to content models in the CMS. These permissions are defined for each role in the user blueprint (`site/blueprints/users/...`). It is also possible to customize the permissions for each target model in the model blueprints (such as in `site/blueprints/pages/...`) using the `options` feature. The permissions and options together control the authorization of user actions. For pages, Kirby provides the `pages.create` and `pages.changeStatus` permissions (among others). In affected releases, Kirby checked these permissions independently and only for the respective action. However the `changeStatus` permission didn't take effect on page creation. New pages are created as drafts by default and need to be published by changing the page status of an existing page draft. This is ensured when the page is created via the Kirby Panel. However the REST API allows to override the `isDraft` flag when creating a new page. This allowed authenticated attackers with the `pages.create` permission to immediately create published pages, bypassing the normal editorial workflow. The problem has been patched in Kirby 4.9.0 and Kirby 5.4.0. Kirby has updated the `Options` logic to no longer double-resolve queries in option values coming from `OptionsQuery` or `OptionsApi` sources. Kirby now only resolves queries that are directly configured in the blueprints.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-24 17:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/4.9.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getkirby/kirby/releases/tag/5.4.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-34202 (GCVE-0-2026-34202)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-31 14:02 – Updated: 2026-03-31 17:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Zebra node crash — V5 transaction hash panic (P2P reachable)
Summary
ZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to zebrad version 4.3.0 and zebra-chain version 6.0.1, a vulnerability in Zebra's transaction processing logic allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to cause a Zebra node to panic (crash). This is triggered by sending a specially crafted V5 transaction that passes initial deserialization but fails during transaction ID calculation. This issue has been patched in zebrad version 4.3.0 and zebra-chain version 6.0.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-31 17:16 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://zfnd.org/zebra-4-3-0-critical-security-fi… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZcashFoundation | zebra |
Affected:
< 4.3.0
|
|
| ZcashFoundation | zebra-chain |
Affected:
< 6.0.1
|
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CVE-2026-34172 (GCVE-0-2026-34172)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-31 13:50 – Updated: 2026-03-31 19:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Giskard Agents have Server-side template injection via ChatWorkflow.chat() using non-sandboxed Jinja2 Environment
Summary
Giskard is an open-source Python library for testing and evaluating agentic systems. Prior to versions 0.3.4 and 1.0.2b1, ChatWorkflow.chat(message) passes its string argument directly as a Jinja2 template source to a non-sandboxed Environment. A developer who passes user input to this method enables full remote code execution via Jinja2 class traversal. The method name chat and parameter name message naturally invite passing user input directly, but the string is silently parsed as a Jinja2 template, not treated as plain text. This issue has been patched in versions 0.3.4 and 1.0.2b1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-31 18:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Giskard-AI/giskard-oss/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Giskard-AI | giskard-oss |
Affected:
< 0.3.4
Affected: >= 1.0.1a1, < 1.0.2b1 |
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CVE-2026-33897 (GCVE-0-2026-33897)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 22:43 – Updated: 2026-03-27 20:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Incus vulnerable to arbitrary file read and write through pongo templates
Summary
Incus is a system container and virtual machine manager. Prior to version 6.23.0, instance template files can be used to cause arbitrary read or writes as root on the host server. Incus allows for pongo2 templates within instances which can be used at various times in the instance lifecycle to template files inside of the instance. This particular implementation of pongo2 within Incus allowed for file read/write but with the expectation that the pongo2 chroot feature would isolate all such access to the instance's filesystem. This was allowed such that a template could theoretically read a file and then generate a new version of said file. Unfortunately the chroot isolation mechanism is entirely skipped by pongo2 leading to easy access to the entire system's filesystem with root privileges. Version 6.23.0 patches the issue.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-27 20:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/lxc/incus/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-33654 (GCVE-0-2026-33654)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 19:43 – Updated: 2026-03-30 18:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Zero-Click Indirect Prompt Injection and Authentication Bypass via Email Polling
Summary
nanobot is a personal AI assistant. Prior to version 0.1.6, an indirect prompt injection vulnerability exists in the email channel processing module (`nanobot/channels/email.py`), allowing a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary LLM instructions (and subsequently, system tools) without any interaction from the bot owner. By sending an email containing malicious prompts to the bot's monitored email address, the bot automatically polls, ingests, and processes the email content as highly trusted input, fully bypassing channel isolation and resulting in a stealthy, zero-click attack. Version 0.1.6 patches the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-30 18:59 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-33387 (GCVE-0-2026-33387)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 13:50 – Updated: 2026-09-08 14:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insufficient sanitization of Dashboards in Guardian/CMC before 26.3.0
Summary
A template injection vulnerability was discovered in the Dashboards functionality due to improper validation of an input parameter. An authenticated user with the required privileges can define a dashboard containing a malicious payload, or a victim can be socially engineered into importing a malicious dashboard. When the victim views or imports the dashboard, the payload executes in their browser context, allowing the attacker to modify application data or disrupt application availability.
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 14:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nozomi Networks | Guardian |
Affected:
0 , < 26.3.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:nozomi_networks:guardian:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Nozomi Networks | CMC |
Affected:
0 , < 26.3.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:nozomi_networks:cmc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-08 07:00
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CVE-2026-33154 (GCVE-0-2026-33154)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-20 20:22 – Updated: 2026-03-27 15:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
dynaconf Affected by Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Insecure Template Evaluation in @jinja Resolver
Summary
dynaconf is a configuration management tool for Python. Prior to version 3.2.13, Dynaconf is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) due to unsafe template evaluation in the @Jinja resolver. When the jinja2 package is installed, Dynaconf evaluates template expressions embedded in configuration values without a sandboxed environment. This issue has been patched in version 3.2.13.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-27 15:23 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf/commit/2fbb4… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-33130 (GCVE-0-2026-33130)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-20 09:50 – Updated: 2026-03-20 21:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Uptime Kuma: SSTI in Notification Templates Allows Arbitrary File Read (Incomplete Fix for GHSA-vffh-c9pq-4crh)
Summary
Uptime Kuma is an open source, self-hosted monitoring tool. In versions 1.23.0 through 2.2.0, the fix from GHSA-vffh-c9pq-4crh doesn't fully work to preventServer-side Template Injection (SSTI). The three mitigations added to the Liquid engine (root, relativeReference, dynamicPartials) only block quoted paths. If a project uses an unquoted absolute path, attackers can still read any file on the server. The original fix in notification-provider.js only constrains the first two steps of LiquidJS's file resolution (via root, relativeReference, and dynamicPartials options), but the third step, the require.resolve() fallback in liquid.node.js has no containment check, allowing unquoted absolute paths like /etc/passwd to resolve successfully. Quoted paths happen to be blocked only because the literal quote characters cause require.resolve('"/etc/passwd"') to throw a MODULE_NOT_FOUND error, not because of any intentional security measure. This issue has been fixed in version 2.2.1.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-20 21:18 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vffh-c9pq-4crh | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| louislam | uptime-kuma |
Affected:
>= 1.23.0, < 2.2.1
|
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CVE-2026-32261 (GCVE-0-2026-32261)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-16 18:50 – Updated: 2026-03-16 19:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
RCE via SSTI for users with permissions to access the Craft CMS Webhooks plugin
Summary
Webhooks for Craft CMS plugin adds the ability to manage “webhooks” in Craft CMS, which will send GET or POST requests when certain events occur. From version 3.0.0 to before version 3.2.0, the Webhooks plugin renders user-supplied template content through Twig’s renderString() function without sandbox protection. This allows an authenticated user with access to the Craft control panel and permissions to access the Webhooks plugin to inject Twig template code that calls arbitrary PHP functions. This is possible even if allowAdminChanges is set to false. This issue has been patched in version 3.2.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-16 19:26 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/craftcms/webhooks/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/craftcms/webhooks/commit/88344… | x_refsource_MISC |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.