Vulnerability-Lookup

UBUNTU-CVE-2025-9905 (CVE-2025-9905)

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu – Published: 2025-09-19 09:15 – Updated: 2025-10-24 05:16 – Source website

Details

The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5 model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed. This is achieved by crafting a special .h5 archive file that uses the Lambda layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True option is not honored when reading .h5 archives. Note that the .h5/.hdf5 format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.

Severity

7.3 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

7.3 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

N/A (UNKNOWN)


                    
                      medium

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-9905	REPORT
	https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9905	REPORT
	https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602	REPORT
	https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advi…	REPORT

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "python3-keras",
            "binary_version": "2.1.1-1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:18.04:LTS",
        "name": "keras",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/keras@2.1.1-1?arch=source\u0026distro=bionic"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.0.7-2",
        "2.1.1-1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "python3-keras",
            "binary_version": "2.2.4-1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:20.04:LTS",
        "name": "keras",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/keras@2.2.4-1?arch=source\u0026distro=focal"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.2.4-1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "The Keras Model.load_model\u00a0method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5\u00a0model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed. This is achieved by crafting a special .h5\u00a0archive file that uses the Lambda\u00a0layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True\u00a0option is not honored when reading .h5\u00a0archives. Note that the .h5/.hdf5\u00a0format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.",
  "id": "UBUNTU-CVE-2025-9905",
  "modified": "2025-10-24T05:16:35Z",
  "published": "2025-09-19T09:15:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-9905"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-9905"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "medium",
      "type": "Ubuntu"
    }
  ],
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2025-9905"
  ]
}

CVE-2025-9905 (GCVE-0-2025-9905)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-19 08:16 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:48

Title

Arbitary Code execution in Keras load_model()

Summary

Severity

7.3 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-09-20 03:55 UTC

CWE

CWE-913 - Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources

Assigner

Google Google root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602	patch
https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advi…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Keras-team	Keras	Affected: 3.0.0 , ≤ 3.11.2 (semver)

Credits

Gabriele Digregorio

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-9905",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-09-20T03:55:41.389596Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T17:48:23.327Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "keras",
          "product": "Keras",
          "repo": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras",
          "vendor": "Keras-team",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "3.11.2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Gabriele Digregorio"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe Keras \u003ccode\u003eModel.load_model\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with \u003ccode\u003esafe_mode=True\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne can create a specially crafted \u003ccode\u003e.h5\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003e.hdf5\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;model archive that, when loaded via \u003ccode\u003eModel.load_model\u003c/code\u003e, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is achieved by crafting a special \u003ccode\u003e.h5\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;archive file that uses the \u003ccode\u003eLambda\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the \u003ccode\u003esafe_mode=True\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;option is not honored when reading \u003ccode\u003e.h5\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;archives.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNote that the \u003ccode\u003e.h5\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003e.hdf5\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The Keras Model.load_model\u00a0method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True.\n\nOne can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5\u00a0model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed.\n\nThis is achieved by crafting a special .h5\u00a0archive file that uses the Lambda\u00a0layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True\u00a0option is not honored when reading .h5\u00a0archives.\n\nNote that the .h5/.hdf5\u00a0format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-175",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-175 Code Inclusion"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseScore": 7.3,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-913",
              "description": "CWE-913 Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-09-19T08:16:44.772Z",
        "orgId": "14ed7db2-1595-443d-9d34-6215bf890778",
        "shortName": "Google"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Arbitary Code execution in Keras load_model()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "14ed7db2-1595-443d-9d34-6215bf890778",
    "assignerShortName": "Google",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-9905",
    "datePublished": "2025-09-19T08:16:44.772Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-09-03T07:27:18.212Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T17:48:23.327Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

UBUNTU-CVE-2025-9905 (CVE-2025-9905)

CVE-2025-9905 (GCVE-0-2025-9905)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour