Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-6G59-GM2V-QHVQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-07 20:22 – Updated: 2026-10-07 20:22

Summary

PraisonAI: Crawl4AI/Chromium backend is also affected by the `web_crawl` SSRF validation bypass

Details

Summary

The DNS-rebinding / redirect SSRF bypass in PRAI-05 is not limited to the httpx/urllib backend. When crawl4ai (headless Chromium via Playwright) is installed, web_crawl auto-selects provider=crawl4ai, and the headless browser re-resolves DNS and follows redirects on its own — with no per-connection SSRF guard. Runtime-confirmed read-back of the internal canary via both DNS rebinding and redirect (provider: "crawl4ai"). Status: runtime-confirmed addendum to PRAI-05.

Details

Affected component

Package praisonaiagents 4.6.63. Backend selected when crawl4ai+Playwright are installed.
Files: src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/web_crawl_tools.py (_crawl_with_crawl4ai) and src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/crawl4ai_tools.py (standalone crawl wrappers).

Vulnerable code / root cause

Path: src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/web_crawl_tools.py

Function: _crawl_with_crawl4ai

Snippet:

async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
    for url in urls:
        result = await crawler.arun(url=url)   # headless browser: re-resolves DNS, follows redirects

Path: src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/crawl4ai_tools.py

Function: Crawl4AITools.crawl / crawl4ai

Snippet:

result = await crawler.arun(url=url, config=config)   # no _is_safe_crawl_url / no per-connect validation

Issue: the only SSRF check is the single pre-fetch _is_safe_crawl_url() on the initial URL string in web_crawl() (see PRAI-05). The headless browser then resolves and connects independently and follows redirects in-browser — no resolved-IP pinning, no per-hop/per-connect validation. Input (urls) is attacker/agent-controlled; the sink is crawler.arun(url=...); the guard is bypassed by DNS rebinding (TOCTOU) and by redirects (followed in-browser).

Attack flow / Why bypassed / Security boundary

Identical to PRAI-05: TOCTOU between the guard's resolution and the browser's connection; redirects followed in-browser; internal response returned as crawl content. See PRAI-05.

Proof of Concept

Environment

crawl4ai + Playwright Chromium installed in a dedicated runtime container (127.0.0.1:18081), same controlled internal canary + rebinding DNS. Runnable assets: PraisonAI-Runtime-Repro\runtime-files\ (docker-compose.crawl.yml).

Steps to reproduce

SSRF-04-01-Crawl4AI-DNS-Rebind-Trigger → 127.0.0.1:18081:

POST /tool/web_crawl HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:18081
Content-Type: application/json

{"url":"http://rebind.lab:8081/secret"}

Redirect variant SSRF-04-03-Crawl4AI-Redirect-Readback: {"url":"http://redirector:8082/redirect-to-internal"}.

Expected result

The crawl backend refuses internal destinations regardless of DNS timing/redirects.

Actual result

HTTP 200, "provider":"crawl4ai", response content contains PRAISONAI_INTERNAL_SECRET_CANARY_7f3a91 + FAKE_INTERNAL_TOKEN_DO_NOT_USE_7f3a91 for both the DNS-rebinding and the redirect payload.

Screenshots

Crawl4AI DNS rebinding read-back

The attacker-controlled rebind.lab URL is accepted by the Crawl4AI-backed web_crawl endpoint. PraisonAI returns the internal canary response body containing PRAISONAI_INTERNAL_SECRET_CANARY_7f3a91.

01-Crawl4AI-Burp-Readback

Crawl4AI DNS rebinding runtime evidence

The runtime log shows the Crawl4AI/Chromium backend resolving rebind.lab to an internal Docker IP during the fetch phase. The internal canary receives GET /secret from a headless Chrome user agent.

02-Crawl4AI-DNS-Log-And-Internal-Hit

Crawl4AI redirect read-back

The attacker-controlled redirector URL is accepted by the Crawl4AI-backed endpoint. PraisonAI follows the redirect and returns the internal canary response body.

03-Crawl4AI-Redirect-Readback

Crawl4AI redirect runtime evidence

The controlled redirector returns 302 -> http://internal-canary:8081/secret, and the internal canary receives GET /secret from the Crawl4AI/Chromium backend.

04-Crawl4AI-Redirect-Internal-Hit-Log

Impact

Same class as PRAI-05: read-back SSRF to internal/metadata services, now on the crawl4ai backend. Broadens the affected surface (the flaw is in the shared validate-without-pinning design, not one backend).

Suggested remediation

Resolve-once + IP-pin + per-connect validation must also cover the crawl4ai backend (constrain the headless browser to the validated IP, or allowlist crawl destinations).

Severity

8.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.6.77"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "praisonaiagents"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.6.78"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-61429"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-367",
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-10-07T20:22:17Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe DNS-rebinding / redirect SSRF bypass in PRAI-05 is **not limited to the httpx/urllib backend**. When `crawl4ai` (headless Chromium via Playwright) is installed, `web_crawl` auto-selects `provider=crawl4ai`, and the headless browser re-resolves DNS and follows redirects on its own \u2014 with no per-connection SSRF guard. Runtime-confirmed read-back of the internal canary via both DNS rebinding and redirect (`provider: \"crawl4ai\"`). Status: runtime-confirmed addendum to PRAI-05.\n\n## Details\n\n### Affected component\n- Package `praisonaiagents` 4.6.63. Backend selected when `crawl4ai`+Playwright are installed.\n- Files: `src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/web_crawl_tools.py` (`_crawl_with_crawl4ai`) and `src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/crawl4ai_tools.py` (standalone crawl wrappers).\n\n### Vulnerable code / root cause\n\nPath:\n`src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/web_crawl_tools.py`\n\nFunction:\n`_crawl_with_crawl4ai`\n\nSnippet:\n```python\nasync with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:\n    for url in urls:\n        result = await crawler.arun(url=url)   # headless browser: re-resolves DNS, follows redirects\n```\n\nPath:\n`src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/crawl4ai_tools.py`\n\nFunction:\n`Crawl4AITools.crawl` / `crawl4ai`\n\nSnippet:\n```python\nresult = await crawler.arun(url=url, config=config)   # no _is_safe_crawl_url / no per-connect validation\n```\n\nIssue: the only SSRF check is the single pre-fetch `_is_safe_crawl_url()` on the initial URL string in `web_crawl()` (see PRAI-05). The headless browser then resolves and connects independently and follows redirects in-browser \u2014 no resolved-IP pinning, no per-hop/per-connect validation. Input (`urls`) is attacker/agent-controlled; the sink is `crawler.arun(url=...)`; the guard is bypassed by DNS rebinding (TOCTOU) and by redirects (followed in-browser).\n\n### Attack flow / Why bypassed / Security boundary\nIdentical to PRAI-05: TOCTOU between the guard\u0027s resolution and the browser\u0027s connection; redirects followed in-browser; internal response returned as crawl `content`. See PRAI-05.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n### Environment\n`crawl4ai` + Playwright Chromium installed in a dedicated runtime container (`127.0.0.1:18081`), same controlled internal canary + rebinding DNS. Runnable assets: `PraisonAI-Runtime-Repro\\runtime-files\\` (`docker-compose.crawl.yml`).\n\n### Steps to reproduce\n1. `SSRF-04-01-Crawl4AI-DNS-Rebind-Trigger` \u2192 `127.0.0.1:18081`:\n```http\nPOST /tool/web_crawl HTTP/1.1\nHost: 127.0.0.1:18081\nContent-Type: application/json\n\n{\"url\":\"http://rebind.lab:8081/secret\"}\n```\n2. Redirect variant `SSRF-04-03-Crawl4AI-Redirect-Readback`: `{\"url\":\"http://redirector:8082/redirect-to-internal\"}`.\n\n### Expected result\nThe crawl backend refuses internal destinations regardless of DNS timing/redirects.\n\n### Actual result\nHTTP 200, `\"provider\":\"crawl4ai\"`, response `content` contains `PRAISONAI_INTERNAL_SECRET_CANARY_7f3a91` + `FAKE_INTERNAL_TOKEN_DO_NOT_USE_7f3a91` for both the DNS-rebinding and the redirect payload.\n\n### Screenshots\n\n**Crawl4AI DNS rebinding read-back**\n\nThe attacker-controlled `rebind.lab` URL is accepted by the Crawl4AI-backed `web_crawl` endpoint. PraisonAI returns the internal canary response body containing `PRAISONAI_INTERNAL_SECRET_CANARY_7f3a91`.\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1542\" height=\"763\" alt=\"01-Crawl4AI-Burp-Readback\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a03b3a1c-e382-4f67-8ea6-b766dceb4a69\" /\u003e\n\n**Crawl4AI DNS rebinding runtime evidence**\n\nThe runtime log shows the Crawl4AI/Chromium backend resolving `rebind.lab` to an internal Docker IP during the fetch phase. The internal canary receives `GET /secret` from a headless Chrome user agent.\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1659\" height=\"946\" alt=\"02-Crawl4AI-DNS-Log-And-Internal-Hit\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/d93db090-3e39-43d0-af3b-5d1d8f614db8\" /\u003e\n\n**Crawl4AI redirect read-back**\n\nThe attacker-controlled redirector URL is accepted by the Crawl4AI-backed endpoint. PraisonAI follows the redirect and returns the internal canary response body.\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1544\" height=\"771\" alt=\"03-Crawl4AI-Redirect-Readback\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/7d05c8aa-5bda-45bc-b94c-bef0bdcf055c\" /\u003e\n\n**Crawl4AI redirect runtime evidence**\n\nThe controlled redirector returns `302 -\u003e http://internal-canary:8081/secret`, and the internal canary receives `GET /secret` from the Crawl4AI/Chromium backend.\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1590\" height=\"920\" alt=\"04-Crawl4AI-Redirect-Internal-Hit-Log\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/dd9c0fec-3583-43ab-b83c-4470fa6aa409\" /\u003e\n\n\n## Impact\nSame class as PRAI-05: read-back SSRF to internal/metadata services, now on the crawl4ai backend. Broadens the affected surface (the flaw is in the shared validate-without-pinning design, not one backend).\n\n## Suggested remediation\nResolve-once + IP-pin + per-connect validation must also cover the crawl4ai backend (constrain the headless browser to the validated IP, or allowlist crawl destinations).",
  "id": "GHSA-6g59-gm2v-qhvq",
  "modified": "2026-10-07T20:22:17Z",
  "published": "2026-10-07T20:22:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-6g59-gm2v-qhvq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61429"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/praisonai-before-ssrf-via-crawl4ai-chromium-backend"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "PraisonAI: Crawl4AI/Chromium backend is also affected by the `web_crawl` SSRF validation bypass"
}

CVE-2026-61429 (GCVE-0-2026-61429)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-11 13:01 – Updated: 2026-07-13 14:37

Title

PraisonAI before 1.6.78 SSRF via Crawl4AI Chromium backend

Summary

PraisonAI versions before 1.6.78 contain a server-side request forgery vulnerability in the Crawl4AI/Chromium backend that allows attackers to bypass SSRF validation by exploiting DNS rebinding and HTTP redirects. Attackers can craft URLs that resolve to internal services after the initial validation check, enabling the headless browser to follow redirects and read internal responses including sensitive canary values.

Severity

8.4 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N

8.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-13 14:36 UTC

CWE

CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 5265 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi…	vendor-advisory
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/praisonai-be…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
MervinPraison	PraisonAI	Affected: 0 , < 1.6.78 (semver) Unaffected: 1.6.78 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:praison:praisonai::::::::

Date Public

2026-06-25 00:00

Credits

dinhvaren

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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  "containers": {
    "adp": [
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        "metrics": [
          {
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                "id": "CVE-2026-61429",
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Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

GHSA-6G59-GM2V-QHVQ

Summary

Details

Affected component

Vulnerable code / root cause

Attack flow / Why bypassed / Security boundary

Proof of Concept

Environment

Steps to reproduce

Expected result

Actual result

Screenshots

Impact

Suggested remediation

CVE-2026-61429 (GCVE-0-2026-61429)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour