CVE-2026-48594 (GCVE-0-2026-48594)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 19:08 – Updated: 2026-09-24 20:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Decompression bomb in Tesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse and Tesla.Middleware.Compression
Summary
Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in elixir-tesla tesla allows a denial of service via decompression bomb in HTTP response bodies.
When Tesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse or Tesla.Middleware.Compression is included in a Tesla middleware pipeline, HTTP response bodies are decompressed eagerly with no size limit. The decompress_body/2 function in lib/tesla/middleware/compression.ex passes the entire response body to :zlib.gunzip/1 or :zlib.unzip/1 without any cap on the output size. Additionally, compression_algorithms/1 splits the content-encoding header on commas and decompress_body/2 recurses once per token, applying a decompression pass on each iteration. A server advertising content-encoding: gzip, gzip, gzip, gzip causes four recursive decompression passes, yielding exponential amplification: each gzip layer can expand its input roughly 1000x, so a payload of a few hundred bytes on the wire inflates to gigabytes of BEAM heap, exhausting memory and crashing or freezing the calling process.
This issue affects tesla: from 0.6.0 before 1.18.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-03 14:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/security/ad… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-48594.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-48594 | related |
| https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/commit/5bd9… | related |
| https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/commit/340f… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| elixir-tesla | tesla |
Affected:
0.6.0 , < 1.18.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:elixir-tesla:tesla:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| elixir-tesla | tesla |
Affected:
5bd90bb5cf0d15e375edc2a66fa322292940fce2 , < 340f75b5d191dc747ef7ac6365bd002d1cd55a9d
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:elixir-tesla:tesla:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-06-02 19:08
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"url": "https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/commit/340f75b5d191dc747ef7ac6365bd002d1cd55a9d"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/commit/5bd90bb5cf0d15e375edc2a66fa322292940fce2"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/security/advisories/GHSA-mc85-72gr-vm9f"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"tags": [
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-48594"
},
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/security/advisories/GHSA-mc85-72gr-vm9f"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-409"
}
],
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-06-04T10:03:15+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-48594",
"id": "CVE-2026-48594",
"initial_release_date": "2026-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "Decompression bomb in Tesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse and Tesla.Middleware.Compression",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-48594.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-48594",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-03T14:39:48.594599Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-03T14:39:40.105Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/security/advisories/GHSA-mc85-72gr-vm9f"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:elixir-tesla:tesla:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.Tesla.Middleware.Compression\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.Tesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse\u0027"
],
"packageName": "tesla",
"packageURL": "pkg:hex/tesla",
"product": "tesla",
"programFiles": [
"lib/tesla/middleware/compression.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Tesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse\u0027:call/3"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Tesla.Middleware.Compression\u0027:call/3"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla",
"vendor": "elixir-tesla",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.18.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.6.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:elixir-tesla:tesla:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.Tesla.Middleware.Compression\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.Tesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse\u0027"
],
"packageName": "elixir-tesla/tesla",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/elixir-tesla/tesla",
"product": "tesla",
"programFiles": [
"lib/tesla/middleware/compression.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Tesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse\u0027:call/3"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Tesla.Middleware.Compression\u0027:call/3"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla.git",
"vendor": "elixir-tesla",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "340f75b5d191dc747ef7ac6365bd002d1cd55a9d",
"status": "affected",
"version": "5bd90bb5cf0d15e375edc2a66fa322292940fce2",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "The application must include \u003ctt\u003eTesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse\u003c/tt\u003e or \u003ctt\u003eTesla.Middleware.Compression\u003c/tt\u003e in its Tesla middleware pipeline."
}
],
"value": "The application must include Tesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse or Tesla.Middleware.Compression in its Tesla middleware pipeline."
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:elixir-tesla:tesla:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.18.3",
"versionStartIncluding": "0.6.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Peter Ullrich"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Yordis Prieto"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "analyst",
"value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in elixir-tesla tesla allows a denial of service via decompression bomb in HTTP response bodies.\u003cp\u003eWhen \u003ctt\u003eTesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse\u003c/tt\u003e or \u003ctt\u003eTesla.Middleware.Compression\u003c/tt\u003e is included in a Tesla middleware pipeline, HTTP response bodies are decompressed eagerly with no size limit. The \u003ctt\u003edecompress_body/2\u003c/tt\u003e function in \u003ctt\u003elib/tesla/middleware/compression.ex\u003c/tt\u003e passes the entire response body to \u003ctt\u003e:zlib.gunzip/1\u003c/tt\u003e or \u003ctt\u003e:zlib.unzip/1\u003c/tt\u003e without any cap on the output size. Additionally, \u003ctt\u003ecompression_algorithms/1\u003c/tt\u003e splits the \u003ctt\u003econtent-encoding\u003c/tt\u003e header on commas and \u003ctt\u003edecompress_body/2\u003c/tt\u003e recurses once per token, applying a decompression pass on each iteration. A server advertising \u003ctt\u003econtent-encoding: gzip, gzip, gzip, gzip\u003c/tt\u003e causes four recursive decompression passes, yielding exponential amplification: each gzip layer can expand its input roughly 1000x, so a payload of a few hundred bytes on the wire inflates to gigabytes of BEAM heap, exhausting memory and crashing or freezing the calling process.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects tesla: from 0.6.0 before 1.18.3.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in elixir-tesla tesla allows a denial of service via decompression bomb in HTTP response bodies.\n\nWhen Tesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse or Tesla.Middleware.Compression is included in a Tesla middleware pipeline, HTTP response bodies are decompressed eagerly with no size limit. The decompress_body/2 function in lib/tesla/middleware/compression.ex passes the entire response body to :zlib.gunzip/1 or :zlib.unzip/1 without any cap on the output size. Additionally, compression_algorithms/1 splits the content-encoding header on commas and decompress_body/2 recurses once per token, applying a decompression pass on each iteration. A server advertising content-encoding: gzip, gzip, gzip, gzip causes four recursive decompression passes, yielding exponential amplification: each gzip layer can expand its input roughly 1000x, so a payload of a few hundred bytes on the wire inflates to gigabytes of BEAM heap, exhausting memory and crashing or freezing the calling process.\n\nThis issue affects tesla: from 0.6.0 before 1.18.3."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-130",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.2,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-409",
"description": "CWE-409 Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-04T04:45:31.475Z",
"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"shortName": "EEF"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/security/advisories/GHSA-mc85-72gr-vm9f"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-48594.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-48594"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla/commit/340f75b5d191dc747ef7ac6365bd002d1cd55a9d"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Decompression bomb in Tesla.Middleware.DecompressResponse and Tesla.Middleware.Compression",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-48594",
"datePublished": "2026-06-02T19:08:49.596Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-05-22T09:36:56.834Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-04T04:45:31.475Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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