Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-45680 (GCVE-0-2026-45680)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 15:24 – Updated: 2026-06-03 13:47

Title

OpenTelemetry eBPF Instrumentation: Unbounded BPF internal metrics replay can exhaust CPU

Summary

OpenTelemetry eBPF Instrumentation provides eBPF instrumentation based on the OpenTelemetry standard. Prior to version 0.9.0, OBI replays BPF probe hits into histogram observations by looping once per recorded run count. On busy systems, the run-count delta can become very large, causing the metrics exporter to spend excessive CPU time in a tight loop every collection interval. This issue has been patched in version 0.9.0.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CWE-834 - Excessive Iteration

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-e…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-e…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
open-telemetry	opentelemetry-ebpf-instrumentation	Affected: < 0.9.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-45680",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-03T13:46:48.262932Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
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          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
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        }
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          "descriptions": [
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              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-06-02T15:24:46.329Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
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        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-89c6-vpcj-7vj4",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "OpenTelemetry eBPF Instrumentation: Unbounded BPF internal metrics replay can exhaust CPU"
    }
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    "dateReserved": "2026-05-12T21:59:25.667Z",
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    "vulnrichment": {
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}

FKIE_CVE-2026-45680

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-06-02 16:16 - Updated: 2026-06-03 16:51

Severity

5.9 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ebpf-instrumentation/releases/tag/v0.9.0	Product, Release Notes
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ebpf-instrumentation/security/advisories/GHSA-89c6-vpcj-7vj4	Exploit, Vendor Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ebpf-instrumentation/security/advisories/GHSA-89c6-vpcj-7vj4	Exploit, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	opentelemetry	ebpf_instrumentation	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:opentelemetry:ebpf_instrumentation:*:*:*:*:*:go:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "72CC55EE-4DFB-417E-B148-642944DFC24F",
              "versionEndExcluding": "0.9.0",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "OpenTelemetry eBPF Instrumentation provides eBPF instrumentation based on the OpenTelemetry standard. Prior to version 0.9.0, OBI replays BPF probe hits into histogram observations by looping once per recorded run count. On busy systems, the run-count delta can become very large, causing the metrics exporter to spend excessive CPU time in a tight loop every collection interval. This issue has been patched in version 0.9.0."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-45680",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-03T16:51:10.390",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 5.9,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.2,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-06-02T16:16:42.603",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Product",
        "Release Notes"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ebpf-instrumentation/releases/tag/v0.9.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ebpf-instrumentation/security/advisories/GHSA-89c6-vpcj-7vj4"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ebpf-instrumentation/security/advisories/GHSA-89c6-vpcj-7vj4"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-400"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-834"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-89C6-VPCJ-7VJ4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-18 20:11 – Updated: 2026-05-18 20:11

Summary

OpenTelemetry eBPF Instrumentation: Unbounded BPF internal metrics replay can exhaust CPU

Details

Summary

OBI replays BPF probe hits into histogram observations by looping once per recorded run count. On busy systems, the run-count delta can become very large, causing the metrics exporter to spend excessive CPU time in a tight loop every collection interval.

Details

The vulnerable loop is in pkg/export/prom/prom_bpf.go. During each metrics tick, OBI iterates through probeMetrics and then executes for range metric.count, invoking BpfProbeLatency(...) for each individual recorded hit.

The count comes from calculateStats() in the same file, where deltaCount := bp.runCount - bp.prevRunCount is calculated and returned without any cap before the per-hit replay loop.

If probe activity spikes between scrape intervals, deltaCount can be very large. The exporter then spends CPU time proportional to the number of probe hits rather than the number of metric series.

PoC

Local testing with a small reproducer confirmed the replay-loop behavior and showed CPU scaling with the recorded hit count rather than the number of metric series.

Use a vulnerable build and enable internal metrics export:

git checkout v0.0.0-rc.1+build
make build
export OTEL_EBPF_INTERNAL_METRICS_PROMETHEUS_PORT=9090
sudo ./bin/obi

Create a high-rate workload that repeatedly exercises traced probes. For example, generate HTTP traffic against an instrumented service:

python3 -m http.server 18081

Then drive it:

seq 1 500000 | xargs -P 128 -I{} curl -s http://127.0.0.1:18081 >/dev/null

At the same time, scrape metrics repeatedly:

while true; do curl -s http://127.0.0.1:9090/metrics >/dev/null; done

On a vulnerable build, OBI CPU consumption rises sharply during the metrics loop because histogram updates are replayed once per counted probe execution. The effect is visible in top or pidstat and is most pronounced under sustained high request volume.

Impact

This is an availability issue in the internal metrics path. Any deployment that enables BPF internal metrics and traces busy workloads is affected. Attackers can indirectly consume CPU in the privileged agent by driving enough activity through instrumented services.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "go.opentelemetry.io/obi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.9.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-45680"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-834"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-18T20:11:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nOBI replays BPF probe hits into histogram observations by looping once per recorded run count. On busy systems, the run-count delta can become very large, causing the metrics exporter to spend excessive CPU time in a tight loop every collection interval.\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerable loop is in [pkg/export/prom/prom_bpf.go](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ebpf-instrumentation/blob/4a39d3b307968df4b54e89b8dee297e7d772ca29/pkg/export/prom/prom_bpf.go#L128-L144). During each metrics tick, OBI iterates through `probeMetrics` and then executes `for range metric.count`, invoking `BpfProbeLatency(...)` for each individual recorded hit.\n\nThe count comes from [`calculateStats()`](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ebpf-instrumentation/blob/4a39d3b307968df4b54e89b8dee297e7d772ca29/pkg/export/prom/prom_bpf.go#L326-L335) in the same file, where `deltaCount := bp.runCount - bp.prevRunCount` is calculated and returned without any cap before the per-hit replay loop.\n\nIf probe activity spikes between scrape intervals, `deltaCount` can be very large. The exporter then spends CPU time proportional to the number of probe hits rather than the number of metric series.\n\n### PoC\n\nLocal testing with a small reproducer confirmed the replay-loop behavior and showed CPU scaling with the recorded hit count rather than the number of metric series.\n\nUse a vulnerable build and enable internal metrics export:\n\n```bash\ngit checkout v0.0.0-rc.1+build\nmake build\nexport OTEL_EBPF_INTERNAL_METRICS_PROMETHEUS_PORT=9090\nsudo ./bin/obi\n```\n\nCreate a high-rate workload that repeatedly exercises traced probes. For example, generate HTTP traffic against an instrumented service:\n\n```bash\npython3 -m http.server 18081\n```\n\nThen drive it:\n\n```bash\nseq 1 500000 | xargs -P 128 -I{} curl -s http://127.0.0.1:18081 \u003e/dev/null\n```\n\nAt the same time, scrape metrics repeatedly:\n\n```bash\nwhile true; do curl -s http://127.0.0.1:9090/metrics \u003e/dev/null; done\n```\n\nOn a vulnerable build, OBI CPU consumption rises sharply during the metrics loop because histogram updates are replayed once per counted probe execution. The effect is visible in `top` or `pidstat` and is most pronounced under sustained high request volume.\n\n### Impact\n\nThis is an availability issue in the internal metrics path. Any deployment that enables BPF internal metrics and traces busy workloads is affected. Attackers can indirectly consume CPU in the privileged agent by driving enough activity through instrumented services.",
  "id": "GHSA-89c6-vpcj-7vj4",
  "modified": "2026-05-18T20:11:13Z",
  "published": "2026-05-18T20:11:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ebpf-instrumentation/security/advisories/GHSA-89c6-vpcj-7vj4"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ebpf-instrumentation"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenTelemetry eBPF Instrumentation: Unbounded BPF internal metrics replay can exhaust CPU"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-45680 (GCVE-0-2026-45680)

FKIE_CVE-2026-45680

GHSA-89C6-VPCJ-7VJ4

Summary

Details

PoC

Impact

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature