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CVE-2026-31466 (GCVE-0-2026-31466)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 13:53 – Updated: 2026-09-08 08:47
VLAI
Title
mm/huge_memory: fix folio isn't locked in softleaf_to_folio()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/huge_memory: fix folio isn't locked in softleaf_to_folio() On arm64 server, we found folio that get from migration entry isn't locked in softleaf_to_folio(). This issue triggers when mTHP splitting and zap_nonpresent_ptes() races, and the root cause is lack of memory barrier in softleaf_to_folio(). The race is as follows: CPU0 CPU1 deferred_split_scan() zap_nonpresent_ptes() lock folio split_folio() unmap_folio() change ptes to migration entries __split_folio_to_order() softleaf_to_folio() set flags(including PG_locked) for tail pages folio = pfn_folio(softleaf_to_pfn(entry)) smp_wmb() VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!folio_test_locked(folio)) prep_compound_page() for tail pages In __split_folio_to_order(), smp_wmb() guarantees page flags of tail pages are visible before the tail page becomes non-compound. smp_wmb() should be paired with smp_rmb() in softleaf_to_folio(), which is missed. As a result, if zap_nonpresent_ptes() accesses migration entry that stores tail pfn, softleaf_to_folio() may see the updated compound_head of tail page before page->flags. This issue will trigger VM_WARN_ON_ONCE() in pfn_swap_entry_folio() because of the race between folio split and zap_nonpresent_ptes() leading to a folio incorrectly undergoing modification without a folio lock being held. This is a BUG_ON() before commit 93976a20345b ("mm: eliminate further swapops predicates"), which in merged in v6.19-rc1. To fix it, add missing smp_rmb() if the softleaf entry is migration entry in softleaf_to_folio() and softleaf_to_page(). [tujinjiang@huawei.com: update function name and comments]
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b , < 426ee10711586617da869c8bb798214965337617 (git)
Affected: e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b , < f1acf5887c2bbaf998dc3fe32c72b7a8b84a3ddd (git)
Affected: e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b , < 722cfaf6b31d31123439e67b5deac6b1261a3dea (git)
Affected: e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b , < 7ddcf4a245c1c5a91fdd9698757e3d95179ffe41 (git)
Affected: e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b , < b8c49ad888892ad7b77062b9c102b799a3e9b4f8 (git)
Affected: e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b , < 7ad1997b9bc8032603df8f091761114479285769 (git)
Affected: e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b , < 8bfb8414e9f2ce6f5f2f0e3d0da52f2d132128e7 (git)
Affected: e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b , < 4c5e7f0fcd592801c9cc18f29f80fbee84eb8669 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.5
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.5 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.253 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.203 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.168 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.134 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.81 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.21 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.19.11 , ≤ 6.19.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.0 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm/huge_memory: fix folio isn\u0027t locked in softleaf_to_folio()\n\nOn arm64 server, we found folio that get from migration entry isn\u0027t locked\nin softleaf_to_folio().  This issue triggers when mTHP splitting and\nzap_nonpresent_ptes() races, and the root cause is lack of memory barrier\nin softleaf_to_folio().  The race is as follows:\n\n\tCPU0                                             CPU1\n\ndeferred_split_scan()                              zap_nonpresent_ptes()\n  lock folio\n  split_folio()\n    unmap_folio()\n      change ptes to migration entries\n    __split_folio_to_order()                         softleaf_to_folio()\n      set flags(including PG_locked) for tail pages    folio = pfn_folio(softleaf_to_pfn(entry))\n      smp_wmb()                                        VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!folio_test_locked(folio))\n      prep_compound_page() for tail pages\n\nIn __split_folio_to_order(), smp_wmb() guarantees page flags of tail pages\nare visible before the tail page becomes non-compound.  smp_wmb() should\nbe paired with smp_rmb() in softleaf_to_folio(), which is missed.  As a\nresult, if zap_nonpresent_ptes() accesses migration entry that stores tail\npfn, softleaf_to_folio() may see the updated compound_head of tail page\nbefore page-\u003eflags.\n\nThis issue will trigger VM_WARN_ON_ONCE() in pfn_swap_entry_folio()\nbecause of the race between folio split and zap_nonpresent_ptes()\nleading to a folio incorrectly undergoing modification without a folio\nlock being held.\n\nThis is a BUG_ON() before commit 93976a20345b (\"mm: eliminate further\nswapops predicates\"), which in merged in v6.19-rc1.\n\nTo fix it, add missing smp_rmb() if the softleaf entry is migration entry\nin softleaf_to_folio() and softleaf_to_page().\n\n[tujinjiang@huawei.com: update function name and comments]"
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The race is as follows:\\n\\n\\tCPU0                                             CPU1\\n\\ndeferred_split_scan()                              zap_nonpresent_ptes()\\n  lock folio\\n  split_folio()\\n    unmap_folio()\\n      change ptes to migration entries\\n    __split_folio_to_order()                         softleaf_to_folio()\\n      set flags(including PG_locked) for tail pages    folio = pfn_folio(softleaf_to_pfn(entry))\\n      smp_wmb()                                        VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!folio_test_locked(folio))\\n      prep_compound_page() for tail pages\\n\\nIn __split_folio_to_order(), smp_wmb() guarantees page flags of tail pages\\nare visible before the tail page becomes non-compound.  smp_wmb() should\\nbe paired with smp_rmb() in softleaf_to_folio(), which is missed.  As a\\nresult, if zap_nonpresent_ptes() accesses migration entry that stores tail\\npfn, softleaf_to_folio() may see the updated compound_head of tail page\\nbefore page-\u003eflags.\\n\\nThis issue will trigger VM_WARN_ON_ONCE() in pfn_swap_entry_folio()\\nbecause of the race between folio split and zap_nonpresent_ptes()\\nleading to a folio incorrectly undergoing modification without a folio\\nlock being held.\\n\\nThis is a BUG_ON() before commit 93976a20345b (\\\"mm: eliminate further\\nswapops predicates\\\"), which in merged in v6.19-rc1.\\n\\nTo fix it, add missing smp_rmb() if the softleaf entry is migration entry\\nin softleaf_to_folio() and softleaf_to_page().\\n\\n[tujinjiang@huawei.com: update function name and comments]\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/linux/leafops.h\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b\",\"lessThan\":\"426ee10711586617da869c8bb798214965337617\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b\",\"lessThan\":\"f1acf5887c2bbaf998dc3fe32c72b7a8b84a3ddd\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b\",\"lessThan\":\"722cfaf6b31d31123439e67b5deac6b1261a3dea\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b\",\"lessThan\":\"7ddcf4a245c1c5a91fdd9698757e3d95179ffe41\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b\",\"lessThan\":\"b8c49ad888892ad7b77062b9c102b799a3e9b4f8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b\",\"lessThan\":\"7ad1997b9bc8032603df8f091761114479285769\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b\",\"lessThan\":\"8bfb8414e9f2ce6f5f2f0e3d0da52f2d132128e7\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e9b61f19858a5d6c42ce2298cf138279375d0d9b\",\"lessThan\":\"4c5e7f0fcd592801c9cc18f29f80fbee84eb8669\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"include/linux/leafops.h\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.5\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.5\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.253\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.203\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.168\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.134\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.81\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.21\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.19.11\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.19.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]},{\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC 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MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":4.7,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.0,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-362\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.5\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.253\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"5817BDB6-4C64-4AB6-83FF-CC693A5E4906\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.203\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"20DDB3E9-AABF-4107-ADB0-5362AA067045\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.168\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E2DDDCA1-6DAB-4018-B920-8F045DDD8D3B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.134\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F56F925B-BAF8-4F4B-B62F-1496AF19A307\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.81\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6EF80433-B33B-43C5-8E64-0FA7B8DCE1BC\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.18.21\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"ED39847A-3B46-4729-B7CA-B2C30B9FA8FE\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.19\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.19.11\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4CA2E747-A9EC-4518-9AA2-B4247FC748B7\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F253B622-8837-4245-BCE5-A7BF8FC76A16\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4AE85AD8-4641-4E7C-A2F4-305E2CD9EE64\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F666C8D8-6538-46D4-B318-87610DE64C34\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"02259FDA-961B-47BC-AE7F-93D7EC6E90C2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"58A9FEFF-C040-420D-8F0A-BFDAAA1DF258\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/426ee10711586617da869c8bb798214965337617\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c5e7f0fcd592801c9cc18f29f80fbee84eb8669\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/722cfaf6b31d31123439e67b5deac6b1261a3dea\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7ad1997b9bc8032603df8f091761114479285769\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7ddcf4a245c1c5a91fdd9698757e3d95179ffe41\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8bfb8414e9f2ce6f5f2f0e3d0da52f2d132128e7\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8c49ad888892ad7b77062b9c102b799a3e9b4f8\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1acf5887c2bbaf998dc3fe32c72b7a8b84a3ddd\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Low",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-28T07:25:35+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-31466",
      "id": "CVE-2026-31466",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-04-22T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "246",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "28",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: mm/huge_memory: fix folio isn\u0027t locked in softleaf_to_folio()",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-31466.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-16T00:15:11Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-31466",
      "id": "CVE-2026-31466",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-04-23T01:25:58Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "644",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "6",
      "product_status:recommended": "250",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-31466",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-31466.json",
      "version": "16"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


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Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.