GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2026-19816 (GCVE-0-2026-19816)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 20:05 – Updated: 2026-09-15 18:04
VLAI
Title
PackageKit: dnf5 backend ignores SIMULATE on RepoRemove
Summary
A flaw was found in PackageKit. PackageKit skips the polkit authorization check for transactions carrying the SIMULATE (dry-run) flag. In the dnf5 backend, the RepoRemove handler ignores that contract and always executes the real transaction because its guard is written as (role == REPO_REMOVE || !SIMULATE), which is always true for RepoRemove. An unprivileged local user can therefore perform a genuine package uninstall while claiming to simulate. This vulnerability only affects systems using PackageKit with the dnf5 backend.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 17:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Affected: 1.3.4 , < 1.4.0 (semver)
Fedora Fedora Affected: 1.3.4 , < 1.4.0 (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-09 19:16
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-19816",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-09-15T17:38:41.601204Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-09-15T18:04:51.167Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "modules": [
            "dnf5 backend"
          ],
          "packageName": "PackageKit",
          "programFiles": [
            "backends/dnf5/dnf5-backend-thread.cpp",
            "src/pk-transaction.c"
          ],
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1.4.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.3.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?packages=PackageKit",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "modules": [
            "dnf5 backend"
          ],
          "packageName": "PackageKit",
          "product": "Fedora",
          "vendor": "Fedora",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1.4.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.3.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "PackageKit",
          "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "PackageKit",
          "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "PackageKit",
          "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "PackageKit",
          "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "compat-PackageKit08",
          "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "PackageKit",
          "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Vivek Parikh (BreachX Zero Day Labs)"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-09-09T19:16:02.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A flaw was found in PackageKit. PackageKit skips the polkit authorization check for transactions carrying the SIMULATE (dry-run) flag. In the dnf5 backend, the RepoRemove handler ignores that contract and always executes the real transaction because its guard is written as (role == REPO_REMOVE || !SIMULATE), which is always true for RepoRemove. An unprivileged local user can therefore perform a genuine package uninstall while claiming to simulate. This vulnerability only affects systems using PackageKit with the dnf5 backend."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
              "value": "Important"
            },
            "type": "Red Hat severity rating"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-863",
              "description": "Incorrect Authorization",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-14T20:05:00.169Z",
        "orgId": "92fb86c3-55a5-4fb5-9c3f-4757b9e96dc5",
        "shortName": "fedora"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/commit/33be77b3ecd3b566ca117358dc18c58c964e627b"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/security/advisories/GHSA-g5gf-h68q-gxc8"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2515940"
        }
      ],
      "title": "PackageKit: dnf5 backend ignores SIMULATE on RepoRemove",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "92fb86c3-55a5-4fb5-9c3f-4757b9e96dc5",
    "assignerShortName": "fedora",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-19816",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-14T20:05:00.169Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-14T02:40:21.336Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-15T18:04:51.167Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-19816",
      "date": "2026-09-18",
      "epss": "0.00143",
      "percentile": "0.04021"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "collectionURL": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit",
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "modules": [
                  "dnf5 backend"
                ],
                "packageName": "PackageKit",
                "programFiles": [
                  "backends/dnf5/dnf5-backend-thread.cpp",
                  "src/pk-transaction.c"
                ],
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "1.4.0",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "1.3.4",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "collectionURL": "https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?packages=PackageKit",
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "modules": [
                  "dnf5 backend"
                ],
                "packageName": "PackageKit",
                "product": "Fedora",
                "vendor": "Fedora",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "1.4.0",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "1.3.4",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
                "cpes": [
                  "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"
                ],
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "packageName": "PackageKit",
                "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
                "vendor": "Red Hat"
              },
              {
                "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
                "cpes": [
                  "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10"
                ],
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "packageName": "PackageKit",
                "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
                "vendor": "Red Hat"
              },
              {
                "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
                "cpes": [
                  "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"
                ],
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "packageName": "PackageKit",
                "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6",
                "vendor": "Red Hat"
              },
              {
                "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
                "cpes": [
                  "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
                ],
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "packageName": "PackageKit",
                "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7",
                "vendor": "Red Hat"
              },
              {
                "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
                "cpes": [
                  "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
                ],
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "packageName": "compat-PackageKit08",
                "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7",
                "vendor": "Red Hat"
              },
              {
                "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
                "cpes": [
                  "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8"
                ],
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "packageName": "PackageKit",
                "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8",
                "vendor": "Red Hat"
              }
            ],
            "source": "patrick@puiterwijk.org"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "A flaw was found in PackageKit. PackageKit skips the polkit authorization check for transactions carrying the SIMULATE (dry-run) flag. In the dnf5 backend, the RepoRemove handler ignores that contract and always executes the real transaction because its guard is written as (role == REPO_REMOVE || !SIMULATE), which is always true for RepoRemove. An unprivileged local user can therefore perform a genuine package uninstall while claiming to simulate. This vulnerability only affects systems using PackageKit with the dnf5 backend."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-19816",
        "lastModified": "2026-09-18T19:34:36.657",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.1,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.2,
              "source": "patrick@puiterwijk.org",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-19816",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-09-15T17:38:41.601204Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-09-14T20:16:43.760",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "patrick@puiterwijk.org",
            "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2515940"
          },
          {
            "source": "patrick@puiterwijk.org",
            "url": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/commit/33be77b3ecd3b566ca117358dc18c58c964e627b"
          },
          {
            "source": "patrick@puiterwijk.org",
            "url": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/security/advisories/GHSA-g5gf-h68q-gxc8"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "patrick@puiterwijk.org",
        "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-863"
              }
            ],
            "source": "patrick@puiterwijk.org",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-14T20:35:38+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-19816",
      "id": "CVE-2026-19816",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-09T19:36:39.624000+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "49",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "packagekit: PackageKit: PackageKit dnf5 ignores SIMULATE on RepoRemove",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-19816.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-16T00:15:50Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-19816",
      "id": "CVE-2026-19816",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-11T16:33:38Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "282",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-19816",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-19816.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2026-19816",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-09-15T17:38:41.601204Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-09-15T17:38:42.894Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "collectionURL": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit",
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "modules": [
                "dnf5 backend"
              ],
              "packageName": "PackageKit",
              "programFiles": [
                "backends/dnf5/dnf5-backend-thread.cpp",
                "src/pk-transaction.c"
              ],
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "1.4.0",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "1.3.4",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "collectionURL": "https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?packages=PackageKit",
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "modules": [
                "dnf5 backend"
              ],
              "packageName": "PackageKit",
              "product": "Fedora",
              "vendor": "Fedora",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "1.4.0",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "1.3.4",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
              "cpes": [
                "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"
              ],
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "packageName": "PackageKit",
              "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
              "vendor": "Red Hat"
            },
            {
              "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
              "cpes": [
                "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10"
              ],
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "packageName": "PackageKit",
              "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
              "vendor": "Red Hat"
            },
            {
              "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
              "cpes": [
                "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"
              ],
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "packageName": "PackageKit",
              "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6",
              "vendor": "Red Hat"
            },
            {
              "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
              "cpes": [
                "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
              ],
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "packageName": "PackageKit",
              "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7",
              "vendor": "Red Hat"
            },
            {
              "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
              "cpes": [
                "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
              ],
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "packageName": "compat-PackageKit08",
              "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7",
              "vendor": "Red Hat"
            },
            {
              "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
              "cpes": [
                "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8"
              ],
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "packageName": "PackageKit",
              "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8",
              "vendor": "Red Hat"
            }
          ],
          "credits": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "Vivek Parikh (BreachX Zero Day Labs)"
            }
          ],
          "datePublic": "2026-09-09T19:16:02.000Z",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "A flaw was found in PackageKit. PackageKit skips the polkit authorization check for transactions carrying the SIMULATE (dry-run) flag. In the dnf5 backend, the RepoRemove handler ignores that contract and always executes the real transaction because its guard is written as (role == REPO_REMOVE || !SIMULATE), which is always true for RepoRemove. An unprivileged local user can therefore perform a genuine package uninstall while claiming to simulate. This vulnerability only affects systems using PackageKit with the dnf5 backend."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "other": {
                "content": {
                  "namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
                  "value": "Important"
                },
                "type": "Red Hat severity rating"
              }
            },
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.1,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "format": "CVSS"
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-863",
                  "description": "Incorrect Authorization",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-09-14T20:05:00.169Z",
            "orgId": "92fb86c3-55a5-4fb5-9c3f-4757b9e96dc5",
            "shortName": "fedora"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "tags": [
                "patch"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/commit/33be77b3ecd3b566ca117358dc18c58c964e627b"
            },
            {
              "tags": [
                "vendor-advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/security/advisories/GHSA-g5gf-h68q-gxc8"
            },
            {
              "tags": [
                "issue-tracking"
              ],
              "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2515940"
            }
          ],
          "title": "PackageKit: dnf5 backend ignores SIMULATE on RepoRemove",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "92fb86c3-55a5-4fb5-9c3f-4757b9e96dc5",
        "assignerShortName": "fedora",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-19816",
        "datePublished": "2026-09-14T20:05:00.169Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-08-14T02:40:21.336Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-15T18:04:51.167Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading…

Loading…

Loading…

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Loading…

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Loading…

Loading…

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.


Loading…