CVE-2026-17351 (GCVE-0-2026-17351)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-31 16:00 – Updated: 2026-08-01 03:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
pgAdmin 4: AI Assistant read-only transaction bypass via sqlparse/PostgreSQL lexer disagreement (incomplete fix for CVE-2026-12045)
Summary
The fix for CVE-2026-12045 in pgAdmin 4 9.16 required the LLM-supplied query passed to the AI Assistant's execute_sql_query tool to parse, via sqlparse, as exactly one non-transaction-control statement before running it inside a BEGIN TRANSACTION READ ONLY wrapper. sqlparse's string-literal lexing can disagree with PostgreSQL's own parser: under standard_conforming_strings = on (PostgreSQL's default since 9.1), a backslash immediately before a quote is an ordinary character to PostgreSQL, but sqlparse treats it as escaping the quote. A payload such as SELECT '\';COMMIT;CREATE TABLE pwn(x int);SELECT 1 --' therefore parses as a single SELECT to sqlparse's validator, while PostgreSQL executes it as four statements: the smuggled COMMIT ends the wrapping read-only transaction, and the trailing ROLLBACK becomes a no-op. This reintroduces the same write/RCE bypass CVE-2026-12045 was meant to close, reachable via the same indirect prompt-injection delivery (an attacker plants the payload in any object the AI Assistant may read; the LLM emits it as a tool call).
An initial candidate fix ran the query with psycopg's execute(..., prepare=True), intending to force PostgreSQL's own Parse step (extended query protocol) to reject multi-statement text regardless of sqlparse's classification. This candidate fix does not work as submitted: psycopg3's PrepareManager silently ignores the prepare argument whenever the connection's prepare_threshold is None, which is pgAdmin's default for every server connection (the per-server "Prepare threshold" field is blank unless an administrator explicitly sets it) -- psycopg3 falls back to the simple query protocol, the same multi-statement-capable path the bypass exploits, so the candidate fix closes nothing on any real-world default configuration.
The corrected fix sets conn.prepare_threshold = 0 directly on the dedicated, single-use read-only connection the AI Assistant tool opens, structurally forcing the extended query protocol independent of any server-level configuration. Verified against a live PostgreSQL 18 instance: the payload executes successfully under the prepare_threshold=None (default) behavior, and is rejected with "cannot insert multiple commands into a prepared statement" once prepare_threshold=0 is set on that connection.
This issue affects pgAdmin 4: from 9.13 before 9.17.
Severity
9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-31 00:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/issues/10192 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/commit/ef… | patch |
| https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/commit/bf… | related |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pgadmin.org | pgAdmin 4 |
Affected:
9.13 , < 9.17
(custom)
|
guessed |
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Scored identically to the original CVE-2026-12045 record for consistency, since this is the same vulnerability surviving an incomplete fix rather than a functionally different bug: S:C for the confused-deputy pattern (attacker is not the LLM user; third-party DB content steers the user\u0027s own LLM session into unauthorised writes).\"}]}, {\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV4_0\": {\"version\": \"4.0\", \"baseScore\": 9.4, \"baseSeverity\": \"CRITICAL\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Same reasoning as the CVSS 3.1 entry and as the original CVE-2026-12045 record: indirect prompt injection, third-party content drives the user\u0027s LLM session, COPY ... TO PROGRAM reaches the DB host. VC:H/VI:H/VA:H + SC:H/SI:H/SA:H since RCE on the DB host compromises both pgAdmin\u0027s authority and the downstream system. UI:P captures that the user merely uses the AI Assistant normally.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4\", \"vendor\": \"pgadmin.org\", \"modules\": [\"AI Assistant\", \"LLM Tools\"], \"product\": \"pgAdmin 4\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"9.13\", \"lessThan\": \"9.17\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/blob/master/web/pgadmin/llm/tools/database.py\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/issues/10192\", \"tags\": [\"issue-tracking\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/commit/ef76102bcd1cdb544eb9b4ef18d3382f22b76752\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/commit/bf4792444446f0e7ab721d23cbd6bfe6afaa7a8b\", \"tags\": [\"related\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"The fix for CVE-2026-12045 in pgAdmin 4 9.16 required the LLM-supplied query passed to the AI Assistant\u0027s execute_sql_query tool to parse, via sqlparse, as exactly one non-transaction-control statement before running it inside a BEGIN TRANSACTION READ ONLY wrapper. sqlparse\u0027s string-literal lexing can disagree with PostgreSQL\u0027s own parser: under standard_conforming_strings = on (PostgreSQL\u0027s default since 9.1), a backslash immediately before a quote is an ordinary character to PostgreSQL, but sqlparse treats it as escaping the quote. A payload such as SELECT \u0027\\\\\u0027;COMMIT;CREATE TABLE pwn(x int);SELECT 1 --\u0027 therefore parses as a single SELECT to sqlparse\u0027s validator, while PostgreSQL executes it as four statements: the smuggled COMMIT ends the wrapping read-only transaction, and the trailing ROLLBACK becomes a no-op. This reintroduces the same write/RCE bypass CVE-2026-12045 was meant to close, reachable via the same indirect prompt-injection delivery (an attacker plants the payload in any object the AI Assistant may read; the LLM emits it as a tool call).\\n\\nAn initial candidate fix ran the query with psycopg\u0027s execute(..., prepare=True), intending to force PostgreSQL\u0027s own Parse step (extended query protocol) to reject multi-statement text regardless of sqlparse\u0027s classification. This candidate fix does not work as submitted: psycopg3\u0027s PrepareManager silently ignores the prepare argument whenever the connection\u0027s prepare_threshold is None, which is pgAdmin\u0027s default for every server connection (the per-server \\\"Prepare threshold\\\" field is blank unless an administrator explicitly sets it) -- psycopg3 falls back to the simple query protocol, the same multi-statement-capable path the bypass exploits, so the candidate fix closes nothing on any real-world default configuration.\\n\\nThe corrected fix sets conn.prepare_threshold = 0 directly on the dedicated, single-use read-only connection the AI Assistant tool opens, structurally forcing the extended query protocol independent of any server-level configuration. Verified against a live PostgreSQL 18 instance: the payload executes successfully under the prepare_threshold=None (default) behavior, and is rejected with \\\"cannot insert multiple commands into a prepared statement\\\" once prepare_threshold=0 is set on that connection.\\n\\nThis issue affects pgAdmin 4: from 9.13 before 9.17.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-89\", \"description\": \"CWE-89 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (\u0027SQL Injection\u0027)\"}, {\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-115\", \"description\": \"CWE-115 Misinterpretation of Input\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"f86ef6dc-4d3a-42ad-8f28-e6d5547a5007\", \"shortName\": \"PostgreSQL\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-07-31T16:00:19.103Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-17351\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-01T03:56:14.973Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-07-25T02:52:57.350Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"f86ef6dc-4d3a-42ad-8f28-e6d5547a5007\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-07-31T16:00:19.103Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"PostgreSQL\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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