CVE-2023-33009 (GCVE-0-2023-33009)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-24 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-21 23:05Summary
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the notification function in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware versions 4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG20(W)-VPN firmware versions 4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1, VPN series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1, ZyWALL/USG series firmware versions 4.60 through 4.73 Patch 1, could allow an unauthenticated attacker to cause denial-of-service (DoS) conditions and even a remote code execution on an affected device.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-04 16:14 UTC
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-… | |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zyxel | ATP series firmware |
Affected:
4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1
|
guessed | |
| Zyxel | USG FLEX series firmware |
Affected:
4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1
|
guessed | |
| Zyxel | USG FLEX 50(W) firmware |
Affected:
4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1
|
guessed | |
| Zyxel | USG20(W)-VPN firmware |
Affected:
4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1
|
guessed | |
| Zyxel | VPN series firmware |
Affected:
4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1
|
guessed | |
| Zyxel | ZyWALL/USG series firmware |
Affected:
4.60 through 4.73 Patch 1
|
guessed |
CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: d9ec5534-4fa6-4376-bccc-ae093c8406c6
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2023-06-05
Asserted: 2023-06-05
Scope
Notes: KEV entry: Zyxel Multiple Firewalls Buffer Overflow Vulnerability | Affected: Zyxel / Multiple Firewalls | Description: Zyxel ATP, USG FLEX, USG FLEX 50(W), USG20(W)-VPN, VPN, and ZyWALL/USG firewalls contain a buffer overflow vulnerability in the notification function that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to cause denial-of-service (DoS) conditions and remote code execution on an affected device. | Required action: Apply updates per vendor instructions. | Due date: 2023-06-26 | Known ransomware campaign use (KEV): Unknown | Notes (KEV): https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-multiple-buffer-overflow-vulnerabilities-of-firewalls; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33009
Evidence
Type: Vendor Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 80%
Source: cisa-kev
Details
| Cwes | CWE-120 |
|---|---|
| Feed | CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog |
| Product | Multiple Firewalls |
| Due Date | 2023-06-26 |
| Date Added | 2023-06-05 |
| Vendorproject | Zyxel |
| Vulnerabilityname | Zyxel Multiple Firewalls Buffer Overflow Vulnerability |
| Knownransomwarecampaignuse | Unknown |
References
Created: 2026-02-02 12:26 UTC
| Updated: 2026-02-06 07:17 UTC
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 9b8742ac-b5c1-40b4-9afa-ee43ea09f960
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2023-06-05
Asserted: 2023-06-05
Scope
Notes: KEVIntel entry: A buffer overflow vulnerability in the notification function in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX series... | Affected: Zyxel / ATP series firmware, USG FLEX series firmware, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware, USG20(W)-VPN firmware, VPN series firmware, ZyWALL/USG series firmware | CVSS: 9.8 (CRITICAL) | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: False
Evidence
Type: Public Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 70%
Source: kevintel
Details
| Feed | KEVIntel (kevintel.com) |
|---|---|
| Title | A buffer overflow vulnerability in the notification function in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX series... |
| Vendor | Zyxel |
| Product | ATP series firmware, USG FLEX series firmware, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware, USG20(W)-VPN firmware, VPN series firmware, ZyWALL/USG series firmware |
| Added Date | 2023-06-05T00:00:00.000Z |
| Cvss Score | 9.8 |
| Epss Score | None |
| Cvss Severity | CRITICAL |
| Epss Percentile | None |
| Used In Malware | unknown |
| Ahead Of Cisa Kev | None |
| Not Yet In Cisa Kev | False |
References
Created: 2026-06-23 14:05 UTC
| Updated: 2026-07-10 06:14 UTC
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"value": "A buffer overflow vulnerability in the notification function in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG FLEX 50(W) firmware versions 4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1, USG20(W)-VPN firmware versions 4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1, VPN series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.36 Patch 1, ZyWALL/USG series firmware versions 4.60 through 4.73 Patch 1, could allow an unauthenticated attacker to cause denial-of-service (DoS) conditions and even a remote code execution on an affected device.\n\n"
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"value": "Una vulnerabilidad de desbordamiento de b\u00fafer en la funci\u00f3n de notificaci\u00f3n en las versiones de firmware de la serie Zyxel ATP 4.60 a 5.36 Parche 1, versiones de firmware de la serie USG FLEX 4.60 a 5.36 Parche 1, versiones de firmware USG FLEX 50(W) 4.60 a 5.36 Parche 1, USG20(W)- Las versiones de firmware VPN 4.60 a 5.36, parche 1, las versiones de firmware de la serie VPN 4.60 a 5.36, parche 1, las versiones de firmware de la serie ZyWALL/USG 4.60 a 4.73, parche 1, podr\u00edan permitir que un atacante no autenticado provoque condiciones de denegaci\u00f3n de servicio (DoS) e incluso un ejecuci\u00f3n remota de c\u00f3digo en un dispositivo afectado."
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"id": "CVE-2023-33009",
"lastModified": "2024-11-21T08:04:23.717",
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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