GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2026-45360 (GCVE-0-2026-45360)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-01 07:48 – Updated: 2026-06-02 15:48
VLAI
Title
Apache Airflow: Arbitrary import in custom deadline-reference deserialization
Summary
Apache Airflow's scheduler-side deadline-reference decoder (`SerializedCustomReference.deserialize_reference`) imported and dispatched arbitrary class paths drawn from DAG-author-controlled serialized state without an allowlist or plugin-registry gate. A DAG author whose code reaches the scheduler — the default on single-host deployments where the DAG bundle is importable from the scheduler process — could embed a custom `DeadlineReference` whose serialized form named an attacker-controlled module path, causing the scheduler to `import_string(...)` and instantiate that class with a live SQLAlchemy session attached. Affects deployments where DAG-author code is less trusted than the scheduler process. Users are advised to upgrade to `apache-airflow` 3.2.2 or later.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-02 15:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Apache Software Foundation Apache Airflow Affected: 0 , < 3.2.2 (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Jarek Potiuk
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-01T09:52:42.733Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/31/12"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
              "baseScore": 7.3,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
              "integrityImpact": "LOW",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-45360",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-02T15:48:16.710203Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-02T15:48:34.296Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://pypi.python.org",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "apache-airflow",
          "product": "Apache Airflow",
          "vendor": "Apache Software Foundation",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "3.2.2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Jarek Potiuk"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Apache Airflow\u0026#x27;s scheduler-side deadline-reference decoder (`SerializedCustomReference.deserialize_reference`) imported and dispatched arbitrary class paths drawn from DAG-author-controlled serialized state without an allowlist or plugin-registry gate. A DAG author whose code reaches the scheduler \u2014 the default on single-host deployments where the DAG bundle is importable from the scheduler process \u2014 could embed a custom `DeadlineReference` whose serialized form named an attacker-controlled module path, causing the scheduler to `import_string(...)` and instantiate that class with a live SQLAlchemy session attached. Affects deployments where DAG-author code is less trusted than the scheduler process. Users are advised to upgrade to `apache-airflow` 3.2.2 or later."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Apache Airflow\u0027s scheduler-side deadline-reference decoder (`SerializedCustomReference.deserialize_reference`) imported and dispatched arbitrary class paths drawn from DAG-author-controlled serialized state without an allowlist or plugin-registry gate. A DAG author whose code reaches the scheduler \u2014 the default on single-host deployments where the DAG bundle is importable from the scheduler process \u2014 could embed a custom `DeadlineReference` whose serialized form named an attacker-controlled module path, causing the scheduler to `import_string(...)` and instantiate that class with a live SQLAlchemy session attached. Affects deployments where DAG-author code is less trusted than the scheduler process. Users are advised to upgrade to `apache-airflow` 3.2.2 or later."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "text": "high"
            },
            "type": "Textual description of severity"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-502",
              "description": "CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-06-01T07:48:13.287Z",
        "orgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09",
        "shortName": "apache"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/66737"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/q227dghjwgfz8xsxrf2pwpz4wk43zm83"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Apache Airflow: Arbitrary import in custom deadline-reference deserialization",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "airflow-s/generate_cve_json.py"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09",
    "assignerShortName": "apache",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-45360",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-01T07:48:13.287Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-11T22:40:03.868Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-02T15:48:34.296Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-45360",
      "date": "2026-09-15",
      "epss": "0.00676",
      "percentile": "0.50348"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-45360\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security@apache.org\",\"published\":\"2026-06-01T09:16:19.480\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-21T19:10:00.107\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Apache Airflow\u0027s scheduler-side deadline-reference decoder (`SerializedCustomReference.deserialize_reference`) imported and dispatched arbitrary class paths drawn from DAG-author-controlled serialized state without an allowlist or plugin-registry gate. A DAG author whose code reaches the scheduler \u2014 the default on single-host deployments where the DAG bundle is importable from the scheduler process \u2014 could embed a custom `DeadlineReference` whose serialized form named an attacker-controlled module path, causing the scheduler to `import_string(...)` and instantiate that class with a live SQLAlchemy session attached. Affects deployments where DAG-author code is less trusted than the scheduler process. Users are advised to upgrade to `apache-airflow` 3.2.2 or later.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"El decodificador de referencia de fecha l\u00edmite del lado del programador de Apache Airflow ( SerializedCustomReference.deserialize_reference ) importaba y despachaba rutas de clase arbitrarias extra\u00eddas de un estado serializado controlado por el autor del DAG sin una lista de permitidos o una puerta de registro de plugins. Un autor de DAG cuyo c\u00f3digo llega al programador - el valor predeterminado en implementaciones de un solo host donde el paquete DAG es importable desde el proceso del programador - podr\u00eda incrustar una \u0027DeadlineReference\u0027 personalizada cuya forma serializada nombraba una ruta de m\u00f3dulo controlada por el atacante, haciendo que el programador  import_string(...)  e instancie esa clase con una sesi\u00f3n de SQLAlchemy activa adjunta. Afecta a las implementaciones donde el c\u00f3digo del autor del DAG es menos confiable que el proceso del programador. Se aconseja a los usuarios actualizar a  apache-airflow  3.2.2 o posterior.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"security@apache.org\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Apache Software Foundation\",\"product\":\"Apache Airflow\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"collectionURL\":\"https://pypi.python.org\",\"packageName\":\"apache-airflow\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"3.2.2\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L\",\"baseScore\":7.3,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"LOW\",\"integrityImpact\":\"LOW\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"LOW\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.4}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-06-02T15:48:16.710203Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2026-45360\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"yes\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security@apache.org\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-502\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:apache:airflow:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"3.2.2\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0893C3AA-26A4-4682-A36C-05E719EB2943\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/66737\",\"source\":\"security@apache.org\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\",\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.apache.org/thread/q227dghjwgfz8xsxrf2pwpz4wk43zm83\",\"source\":\"security@apache.org\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/31/12\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-02T22:03:14+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-45360",
      "id": "CVE-2026-45360",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "Apache Airflow: Arbitrary import in custom deadline-reference deserialization",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-45360.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.3, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L\", \"integrityImpact\": \"LOW\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"LOW\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"LOW\"}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2026-45360\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-06-02T15:48:16.710203Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-02T15:48:30.343Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Apache Airflow: Arbitrary import in custom deadline-reference deserialization\", \"source\": {\"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"credits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"remediation developer\", \"value\": \"Jarek Potiuk\"}], \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"Textual description of severity\", \"content\": {\"text\": \"high\"}}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"Apache Software Foundation\", \"product\": \"Apache Airflow\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"3.2.2\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"packageName\": \"apache-airflow\", \"collectionURL\": \"https://pypi.python.org\", \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/66737\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.apache.org/thread/q227dghjwgfz8xsxrf2pwpz4wk43zm83\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"airflow-s/generate_cve_json.py\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Apache Airflow\u0027s scheduler-side deadline-reference decoder (`SerializedCustomReference.deserialize_reference`) imported and dispatched arbitrary class paths drawn from DAG-author-controlled serialized state without an allowlist or plugin-registry gate. A DAG author whose code reaches the scheduler \\u2014 the default on single-host deployments where the DAG bundle is importable from the scheduler process \\u2014 could embed a custom `DeadlineReference` whose serialized form named an attacker-controlled module path, causing the scheduler to `import_string(...)` and instantiate that class with a live SQLAlchemy session attached. Affects deployments where DAG-author code is less trusted than the scheduler process. Users are advised to upgrade to `apache-airflow` 3.2.2 or later.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"Apache Airflow\u0026#x27;s scheduler-side deadline-reference decoder (`SerializedCustomReference.deserialize_reference`) imported and dispatched arbitrary class paths drawn from DAG-author-controlled serialized state without an allowlist or plugin-registry gate. A DAG author whose code reaches the scheduler \\u2014 the default on single-host deployments where the DAG bundle is importable from the scheduler process \\u2014 could embed a custom `DeadlineReference` whose serialized form named an attacker-controlled module path, causing the scheduler to `import_string(...)` and instantiate that class with a live SQLAlchemy session attached. Affects deployments where DAG-author code is less trusted than the scheduler process. Users are advised to upgrade to `apache-airflow` 3.2.2 or later.\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-502\", \"description\": \"CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09\", \"shortName\": \"apache\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-01T07:48:13.287Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-45360\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-01T09:52:42.733Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-05-11T22:40:03.868Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-06-01T07:48:13.287Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"apache\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.