CVE-2026-31450 (GCVE-0-2026-31450)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 13:53 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:22
VLAI
Title
ext4: publish jinode after initialization
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: publish jinode after initialization ext4_inode_attach_jinode() publishes ei->jinode to concurrent users. It used to set ei->jinode before jbd2_journal_init_jbd_inode(), allowing a reader to observe a non-NULL jinode with i_vfs_inode still unset. The fast commit flush path can then pass this jinode to jbd2_wait_inode_data(), which dereferences i_vfs_inode->i_mapping and may crash. Below is the crash I observe: ``` BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 000000010beb47f4 PGD 110e51067 P4D 110e51067 PUD 0 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 4850 Comm: fc_fsync_bench_ Not tainted 6.18.0-00764-g795a690c06a5 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Arch Linux 1.17.0-2-2 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:xas_find_marked+0x3d/0x2e0 Code: e0 03 48 83 f8 02 0f 84 f0 01 00 00 48 8b 47 08 48 89 c3 48 39 c6 0f 82 fd 01 00 00 48 85 c9 74 3d 48 83 f9 03 77 63 4c 8b 0f <49> 8b 71 08 48 c7 47 18 00 00 00 00 48 89 f1 83 e1 03 48 83 f9 02 RSP: 0018:ffffbbee806e7bf0 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 000000000010beb4 RBX: 000000000010beb4 RCX: 0000000000000003 RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000002000300000 RDI: ffffbbee806e7c10 RBP: 0000000000000001 R08: 0000002000300000 R09: 000000010beb47ec R10: ffff9ea494590090 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000002000300000 R13: ffffbbee806e7c90 R14: ffff9ea494513788 R15: ffffbbee806e7c88 FS: 00007fc2f9e3e6c0(0000) GS:ffff9ea6b1444000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 000000010beb47f4 CR3: 0000000119ac5000 CR4: 0000000000750ef0 PKRU: 55555554 Call Trace: <TASK> filemap_get_folios_tag+0x87/0x2a0 __filemap_fdatawait_range+0x5f/0xd0 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? __schedule+0x3e7/0x10c0 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? cap_safe_nice+0x37/0x70 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 filemap_fdatawait_range_keep_errors+0x12/0x40 ext4_fc_commit+0x697/0x8b0 ? ext4_file_write_iter+0x64b/0x950 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? vfs_write+0x356/0x480 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80 ext4_sync_file+0xf7/0x370 do_fsync+0x3b/0x80 ? syscall_trace_enter+0x108/0x1d0 __x64_sys_fdatasync+0x16/0x20 do_syscall_64+0x62/0x2c0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e ... ``` Fix this by initializing the jbd2_inode first. Use smp_wmb() and WRITE_ONCE() to publish ei->jinode after initialization. Readers use READ_ONCE() to fetch the pointer.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < 2d2b648960147d078b000b9a7494017082024366 (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < e4325e84727e539c8597bd5b8491349f57f7fb17 (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < be54c0055407a73b60349c093c8ce621cb8fa232 (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < a070d5a872ffe0e0fe5c46eda6386140ded39adb (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < e76bcb727e4874a2f9d0297f8e3f8eced89b0764 (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < 4855a59e21789c79f003a9b5f4135c95a7495c6b (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < 33f486987af21531a7b18973d11795ede3da9ddd (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < 1aec30021edd410b986c156f195f3d23959a9d11 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 3.11
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.11 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.253 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.203 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.168 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.134 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.81 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.21 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.19.11 , ≤ 6.19.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.0 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\next4: publish jinode after initialization\n\next4_inode_attach_jinode() publishes ei-\u003ejinode to concurrent users.\nIt used to set ei-\u003ejinode before jbd2_journal_init_jbd_inode(),\nallowing a reader to observe a non-NULL jinode with i_vfs_inode\nstill unset.\n\nThe fast commit flush path can then pass this jinode to\njbd2_wait_inode_data(), which dereferences i_vfs_inode-\u003ei_mapping and\nmay crash.\n\nBelow is the crash I observe:\n```\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 000000010beb47f4\nPGD 110e51067 P4D 110e51067 PUD 0\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 4850 Comm: fc_fsync_bench_ Not tainted 6.18.0-00764-g795a690c06a5 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Arch Linux 1.17.0-2-2 04/01/2014\nRIP: 0010:xas_find_marked+0x3d/0x2e0\nCode: e0 03 48 83 f8 02 0f 84 f0 01 00 00 48 8b 47 08 48 89 c3 48 39 c6 0f 82 fd 01 00 00 48 85 c9 74 3d 48 83 f9 03 77 63 4c 8b 0f \u003c49\u003e 8b 71 08 48 c7 47 18 00 00 00 00 48 89 f1 83 e1 03 48 83 f9 02\nRSP: 0018:ffffbbee806e7bf0 EFLAGS: 00010246\nRAX: 000000000010beb4 RBX: 000000000010beb4 RCX: 0000000000000003\nRDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000002000300000 RDI: ffffbbee806e7c10\nRBP: 0000000000000001 R08: 0000002000300000 R09: 000000010beb47ec\nR10: ffff9ea494590090 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000002000300000\nR13: ffffbbee806e7c90 R14: ffff9ea494513788 R15: ffffbbee806e7c88\nFS: 00007fc2f9e3e6c0(0000) GS:ffff9ea6b1444000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\nCS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: 000000010beb47f4 CR3: 0000000119ac5000 CR4: 0000000000750ef0\nPKRU: 55555554\nCall Trace:\n\u003cTASK\u003e\nfilemap_get_folios_tag+0x87/0x2a0\n__filemap_fdatawait_range+0x5f/0xd0\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? __schedule+0x3e7/0x10c0\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? cap_safe_nice+0x37/0x70\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\nfilemap_fdatawait_range_keep_errors+0x12/0x40\next4_fc_commit+0x697/0x8b0\n? ext4_file_write_iter+0x64b/0x950\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? vfs_write+0x356/0x480\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\next4_sync_file+0xf7/0x370\ndo_fsync+0x3b/0x80\n? syscall_trace_enter+0x108/0x1d0\n__x64_sys_fdatasync+0x16/0x20\ndo_syscall_64+0x62/0x2c0\nentry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n...\n```\n\nFix this by initializing the jbd2_inode first.\nUse smp_wmb() and WRITE_ONCE() to publish ei-\u003ejinode after\ninitialization. Readers use READ_ONCE() to fetch the pointer."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - In a reasonable server deployment, an ext4 filesystem with fast commits can be exported through in-kernel NFS or ksmbd, whose remote write/commit/flush paths call VFS fsync into ext4. Remote clients can therefore reach the vulnerable fast-commit flush path over the network.\nAC:L - The bug is a race, but the attacker can drive both sides with concurrent open/write/truncate and fsync/fdatasync or network flush/commit operations. Fast commit being enabled is a deployment condition for the affected ext4 configuration, not an uncontrollable exploitation condition.\nPR:L - The attacker needs permission to write and sync a file on the affected ext4 filesystem or exported share. No kernel capability or administrator privilege is required once such filesystem access is available.\nUI:N - Exploitation is triggered entirely by attacker-controlled file operations. No separate victim action is required.\nS:U - The impact remains within the vulnerable kernel and filesystem security authority. This is not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or cross-scope boundary violation.\nC:H - The race exposes an uninitialized slab-allocated jbd2_inode to consumers, allowing stale kernel pointers and ranges to be interpreted by writeback/wait paths. Under the required higher-severity rule, this UAF-like invalid object use is treated as capable of enabling kernel memory disclosure primitives.\nI:H - The same stale jbd2_inode fields can drive ext4/jbd2 writeback callbacks through an invalid or stale inode pointer. Under the required higher-severity rule, this kernel object misuse is treated as potentially exploitable for memory corruption or arbitrary modification.\nA:H - The demonstrated failure is a kernel oops/page fault in the fast commit fsync path. A local or remote authorized attacker can repeatedly trigger the crash, causing high availability impact."
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4855a59e21789c79f003a9b5f4135c95a7495c6b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33f486987af21531a7b18973d11795ede3da9ddd"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1aec30021edd410b986c156f195f3d23959a9d11"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ext4: publish jinode after initialization",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-31450",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-22T13:53:45.532Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-09T15:48:24.091Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:22:40.995Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-31450",
      "date": "2026-08-19",
      "epss": "0.00533",
      "percentile": "0.4274"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-31450\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-04-22T14:16:39.083\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-14T13:18:42.207\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\next4: publish jinode after initialization\\n\\next4_inode_attach_jinode() publishes ei-\u003ejinode to concurrent users.\\nIt used to set ei-\u003ejinode before jbd2_journal_init_jbd_inode(),\\nallowing a reader to observe a non-NULL jinode with i_vfs_inode\\nstill unset.\\n\\nThe fast commit flush path can then pass this jinode to\\njbd2_wait_inode_data(), which dereferences i_vfs_inode-\u003ei_mapping and\\nmay crash.\\n\\nBelow is the crash I observe:\\n```\\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 000000010beb47f4\\nPGD 110e51067 P4D 110e51067 PUD 0\\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 4850 Comm: fc_fsync_bench_ Not tainted 6.18.0-00764-g795a690c06a5 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)\\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Arch Linux 1.17.0-2-2 04/01/2014\\nRIP: 0010:xas_find_marked+0x3d/0x2e0\\nCode: e0 03 48 83 f8 02 0f 84 f0 01 00 00 48 8b 47 08 48 89 c3 48 39 c6 0f 82 fd 01 00 00 48 85 c9 74 3d 48 83 f9 03 77 63 4c 8b 0f \u003c49\u003e 8b 71 08 48 c7 47 18 00 00 00 00 48 89 f1 83 e1 03 48 83 f9 02\\nRSP: 0018:ffffbbee806e7bf0 EFLAGS: 00010246\\nRAX: 000000000010beb4 RBX: 000000000010beb4 RCX: 0000000000000003\\nRDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000002000300000 RDI: ffffbbee806e7c10\\nRBP: 0000000000000001 R08: 0000002000300000 R09: 000000010beb47ec\\nR10: ffff9ea494590090 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000002000300000\\nR13: ffffbbee806e7c90 R14: ffff9ea494513788 R15: ffffbbee806e7c88\\nFS: 00007fc2f9e3e6c0(0000) GS:ffff9ea6b1444000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\\nCS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\\nCR2: 000000010beb47f4 CR3: 0000000119ac5000 CR4: 0000000000750ef0\\nPKRU: 55555554\\nCall Trace:\\n\u003cTASK\u003e\\nfilemap_get_folios_tag+0x87/0x2a0\\n__filemap_fdatawait_range+0x5f/0xd0\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? __schedule+0x3e7/0x10c0\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? cap_safe_nice+0x37/0x70\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\nfilemap_fdatawait_range_keep_errors+0x12/0x40\\next4_fc_commit+0x697/0x8b0\\n? ext4_file_write_iter+0x64b/0x950\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? vfs_write+0x356/0x480\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\\next4_sync_file+0xf7/0x370\\ndo_fsync+0x3b/0x80\\n? syscall_trace_enter+0x108/0x1d0\\n__x64_sys_fdatasync+0x16/0x20\\ndo_syscall_64+0x62/0x2c0\\nentry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\\n...\\n```\\n\\nFix this by initializing the jbd2_inode first.\\nUse smp_wmb() and WRITE_ONCE() to publish ei-\u003ejinode after\\ninitialization. Readers use READ_ONCE() to fetch the pointer.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/ext4/fast_commit.c\",\"fs/ext4/inode.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"2d2b648960147d078b000b9a7494017082024366\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"e4325e84727e539c8597bd5b8491349f57f7fb17\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"be54c0055407a73b60349c093c8ce621cb8fa232\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"a070d5a872ffe0e0fe5c46eda6386140ded39adb\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"e76bcb727e4874a2f9d0297f8e3f8eced89b0764\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"4855a59e21789c79f003a9b5f4135c95a7495c6b\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"33f486987af21531a7b18973d11795ede3da9ddd\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"1aec30021edd410b986c156f195f3d23959a9d11\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/ext4/fast_commit.c\",\"fs/ext4/inode.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"3.11\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"3.11\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.253\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.203\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.168\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.134\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.81\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.21\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.19.11\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.19.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]},{\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":8.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-476\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"3.11.1\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.253\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D551F379-6F0A-4DEB-8B71-04D5BA144557\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.203\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"20DDB3E9-AABF-4107-ADB0-5362AA067045\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.168\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E2DDDCA1-6DAB-4018-B920-8F045DDD8D3B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.134\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F56F925B-BAF8-4F4B-B62F-1496AF19A307\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.81\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6EF80433-B33B-43C5-8E64-0FA7B8DCE1BC\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.18.21\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"ED39847A-3B46-4729-B7CA-B2C30B9FA8FE\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.19\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.19.11\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4CA2E747-A9EC-4518-9AA2-B4247FC748B7\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:3.11:-:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"FFA03B39-B26C-4A32-BCBD-7FA1D8A7CF66\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:3.11:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0A9BB94F-A4F5-43A4-BF7E-BA9C7C9E8D65\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:3.11:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6AD69FCC-EB5B-4565-861A-9D831BD541A2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F253B622-8837-4245-BCE5-A7BF8FC76A16\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4AE85AD8-4641-4E7C-A2F4-305E2CD9EE64\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F666C8D8-6538-46D4-B318-87610DE64C34\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"02259FDA-961B-47BC-AE7F-93D7EC6E90C2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"58A9FEFF-C040-420D-8F0A-BFDAAA1DF258\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1aec30021edd410b986c156f195f3d23959a9d11\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2d2b648960147d078b000b9a7494017082024366\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33f486987af21531a7b18973d11795ede3da9ddd\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4855a59e21789c79f003a9b5f4135c95a7495c6b\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a070d5a872ffe0e0fe5c46eda6386140ded39adb\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be54c0055407a73b60349c093c8ce621cb8fa232\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4325e84727e539c8597bd5b8491349f57f7fb17\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e76bcb727e4874a2f9d0297f8e3f8eced89b0764\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-02T17:13:49+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-31450",
      "id": "CVE-2026-31450",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-04-22T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "260",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: ext4: publish jinode after initialization",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-31450.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-12T16:40:13Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-31450",
      "id": "CVE-2026-31450",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-04-23T01:26:15Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "595",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "4",
      "product_status:recommended": "329",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-31450",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-31450.json",
      "version": "16"
    }
  }
}



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Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.