Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-1354 (GCVE-0-2026-1354)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-21 21:43 – Updated: 2026-06-24 21:43

Title

Zero Motorcycles Firmware Key Exchange without Entity Authentication

Summary

Zero Motorcycles firmware versions 44 and prior enable an attacker to forcibly pair a device with the motorcycle via Bluetooth. Once paired, an attacker can utilize over-the-air firmware updating functionality to potentially upload malicious firmware to the motorcycle. The motorcycle must first be in Bluetooth pairing mode, and the attacker must be in proximity of the vehicle and understand the full pairing process, to be able to pair their device with the vehicle. The attacker's device must remain paired with and in proximity of the motorcycle for the entire duration of the firmware update.

Severity

6.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

5.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-322

Assigner

icscert

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i…
https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Zero Motorcycles	Zero Motorcycles firmware	Affected: 0 , ≤ 44 (custom)

Credits

Persephone Karnstein of Bureau Veritas Cybersecurity North America reported this vulnerability to CISA.

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-1354

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-04-21 22:16 - Updated: 2026-06-17 10:15

Severity

6.4 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov	https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-111-06.json
	ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov	https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-111-06

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Zero Motorcycles firmware",
          "vendor": "Zero Motorcycles",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "44",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
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    }
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      "value": "Zero Motorcycles firmware versions 44 and prior enable an attacker to \nforcibly pair a device with the motorcycle via Bluetooth. Once paired, \nan attacker can utilize over-the-air firmware updating functionality to \npotentially upload malicious firmware to the motorcycle. The motorcycle \nmust first be in Bluetooth pairing mode, and the attacker must be in \nproximity of the vehicle and understand the full pairing process, to be \nable to pair their device with the vehicle. The attacker\u0027s device must \nremain paired with and in proximity of the motorcycle for the entire \nduration of the firmware update."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-1354",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:15:38.890",
  "metrics": {
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      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 6.4,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.2,
        "impactScore": 5.2,
        "source": "ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
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          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
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        },
        "source": "ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-1354",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-04-22T17:50:05.706973Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-04-21T22:16:18.643",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov",
      "url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-111-06.json"
    },
    {
      "source": "ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-111-06"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov",
  "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-322"
        }
      ],
      "source": "ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-7F6V-QRQR-M9GM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-22 00:31

Details

Severity

6.4 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

5.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-1354"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-322"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-21T22:16:18Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Zero Motorcycles firmware versions 44 and prior enable an attacker to \nforcibly pair a device with the motorcycle via Bluetooth. Once paired, \nan attacker can utilize over-the-air firmware updating functionality to \npotentially upload malicious firmware to the motorcycle. The motorcycle \nmust first be in Bluetooth pairing mode, and the attacker must be in \nproximity of the vehicle and understand the full pairing process, to be \nable to pair their device with the vehicle. The attacker\u0027s device must \nremain paired with and in proximity of the motorcycle for the entire \nduration of the firmware update.",
  "id": "GHSA-7f6v-qrqr-m9gm",
  "modified": "2026-04-22T00:31:40Z",
  "published": "2026-04-22T00:31:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1354"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-111-06.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-111-06"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

ICSA-26-111-06

Vulnerability from csaf_cisa - Published: 2026-04-21 06:00 - Updated: 2026-06-23 06:00

Summary

Zero Motorcycles Firmware (Update A)

Notes

Legal Notice and Terms of Use: This product is provided subject to this Notification (https://www.cisa.gov/notification) and this Privacy & Use policy (https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-policy).

Advisory Summary: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to pair via Bluetooth with a motorcycle, gaining unauthorized access to all Bluetooth functions, including changing the firmware.

Critical infrastructure sectors: Transportation Systems

Countries/areas deployed: Worldwide

Company headquarters location: United States

Recommended Practices: CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

Recommended Practices: CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

Recommended Practices: CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Recommended Practices: Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Recommended Practices: Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

Recommended Practices: No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time. This vulnerability has a high attack complexity.

CVE-2026-1354

6.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

CWE-322 - Key Exchange without Entity Authentication

Affected products

Known affected 1 product

Product	Identifier	Version	Remediation
Zero Motorcycles Zero Motorcycles firmware: <=44 Zero Motorcycles / Zero Motorcycles firmware		<=44	Mitigation

References

14 references

URL	Category
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/de…	self
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i…	self
https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ic…	external
https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publicat…	external
https://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial-control-systems	external
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-alerts/ics-a…	external
https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommen…	external
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/targeted-cy…	external
https://www.cisa.gov/secure-our-world/teach-emplo…	external
https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/avoiding-so…	external
https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/322.html	external
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-1354	external
https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.…	external
https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.…	external

Acknowledgments

Bureau Veritas Cybersecurity North America Persephone Karnstein

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "document": {
    "acknowledgments": [
      {
        "names": [
          "Persephone Karnstein"
        ],
        "organization": "Bureau Veritas Cybersecurity North America",
        "summary": "reported this vulnerability to CISA"
      }
    ],
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "distribution": {
      "text": "Disclosure is not limited",
      "tlp": {
        "label": "WHITE",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/traffic-light-protocol-tlp-definitions-and-usage"
      }
    },
    "lang": "en-US",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "This product is provided subject to this Notification (https://www.cisa.gov/notification) and this Privacy \u0026 Use policy (https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-policy).",
        "title": "Legal Notice and Terms of Use"
      },
      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to pair via Bluetooth with a motorcycle, gaining unauthorized access to all Bluetooth functions, including changing the firmware.",
        "title": "Advisory Summary"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Transportation Systems",
        "title": "Critical infrastructure sectors"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Worldwide",
        "title": "Countries/areas deployed"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "United States",
        "title": "Company headquarters location"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time. This vulnerability has a high attack complexity.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
      "category": "coordinator",
      "contact_details": "central@cisa.dhs.gov",
      "name": "CISA",
      "namespace": "https://www.cisa.gov/"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICS Advisory ICSA-26-111-06 JSON",
        "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-111-06.json"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICSA Advisory ICSA-26-111-06 - Web Version",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-111-06"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Cybersecurity_Best_Practices_for_Industrial_Control_Systems.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial-control-systems"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-alerts/ics-alert-10-301-01"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/targeted-cyber-intrusion-detection-and-mitigation-strategies-update-b"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/secure-our-world/teach-employees-avoid-phishing"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/avoiding-social-engineering-and-phishing-attacks"
      }
    ],
    "title": "Zero Motorcycles Firmware (Update A)",
    "tracking": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-23T06:00:00.000000Z",
      "generator": {
        "date": "2026-06-16T21:48:47.189552Z",
        "engine": {
          "name": "CISA CSAF Generator",
          "version": "1.0.0"
        }
      },
      "id": "ICSA-26-111-06",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-04-21T06:00:00.000000Z",
      "revision_history": [
        {
          "date": "2026-04-21T06:00:00.000000Z",
          "legacy_version": "Initial",
          "number": "1",
          "summary": "Initial Publication"
        },
        {
          "date": "2026-06-23T06:00:00.000000Z",
          "legacy_version": "Update A",
          "number": "2",
          "summary": "Update A - Firmware update now available."
        }
      ],
      "status": "final",
      "version": "2"
    }
  },
  "product_tree": {
    "branches": [
      {
        "branches": [
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version_range",
                "name": "\u003c=44",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Zero Motorcycles Zero Motorcycles firmware: \u003c=44",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0001"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "Zero Motorcycles firmware"
          }
        ],
        "category": "vendor",
        "name": "Zero Motorcycles"
      }
    ]
  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-1354",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-322",
        "name": "Key Exchange without Entity Authentication"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Zero Motorcycles firmware versions 44 and prior enable an attacker to forcibly pair a device with the motorcycle via Bluetooth. Once paired, an attacker can utilize over-the-air firmware updating functionality to potentially upload malicious firmware to the motorcycle. The motorcycle must first be in Bluetooth pairing mode, and the attacker must be in proximity of the vehicle and understand the full pairing process, to be able to pair their device with the vehicle. The attacker\u0027s device must remain paired with and in proximity of the motorcycle for the entire duration of the firmware update.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "details",
          "text": "SSVCv2/E:N/A:N/2026-06-16T06:00:00.000000Z",
          "title": "SSVC"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "cwe.mitre.org",
          "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/322.html"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-1354"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Zero Motorcycles has investigated this report and cautions users to pair their mobile device to their vehicle in a safe location where they can be sure no one else will try to pair at the same time. Once initiated, complete the full pairing process and confirm it is successful. Store physical keys in a secure location and do not leave the bike unattended with the key in the \"ON\" position. Zero Motorcycles has addressed this issue in a firmware update that is available on their FOTA platform and can be obtained by using the mobile app or by visiting an authorized Zero Motorcycles dealership. Zero Motorcycles recommends all users update the firmware to the latest available version.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 6.4,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-1354 (GCVE-0-2026-1354)

FKIE_CVE-2026-1354

GHSA-7F6V-QRQR-M9GM

ICSA-26-111-06

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature