CVE-2025-71382 (GCVE-0-2025-71382)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 17:21 – Updated: 2026-07-14 22:26 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MuPDF < 1.27.0-rc1 Stack Exhaustion DoS via EPUB CSS Rendering
Summary
MuPDF before 1.27.0-rc1 contains an uncontrolled recursion vulnerability in the EPUB CSS rendering engine that allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service by supplying a maliciously crafted EPUB file with deeply nested HTML elements and inline CSS styles. The function value_from_inheritable_property() in css-apply.c recurses through the CSS property inheritance chain without a depth limit, exhausting the process stack and causing a crash in any application using MuPDF for EPUB rendering.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-23 17:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf/releases… | release-notes |
| https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=708840 | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf/commit/7… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mupdf-rc1-st… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ArtifexSoftware | mupdf |
Affected:
0 , < 1.27.0-rc1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:artifex:mupdf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2025-09-15 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-71382",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-23T17:36:25.366763Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-23T17:36:36.488Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf",
"product": "mupdf",
"repo": "https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf",
"vendor": "ArtifexSoftware",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.27.0-rc1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:artifex:mupdf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.27.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Ishayu Potey"
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-09-15T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "MuPDF before 1.27.0-rc1 contains an uncontrolled recursion vulnerability in the EPUB CSS rendering engine that allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service by supplying a maliciously crafted EPUB file with deeply nested HTML elements and inline CSS styles. The function value_from_inheritable_property() in css-apply.c recurses through the CSS property inheritance chain without a depth limit, exhausting the process stack and causing a crash in any application using MuPDF for EPUB rendering."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-674",
"description": "Uncontrolled Recursion",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T22:26:09.463Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf/releases/tag/1.27.0-rc1"
},
{
"tags": [
"technical-description",
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=708840"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf/commit/70b71ab22e6de4d4c44cd301c88231f623a4e94e"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mupdf-rc1-stack-exhaustion-dos-via-epub-css-rendering"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"title": "MuPDF \u003c 1.27.0-rc1 Stack Exhaustion DoS via EPUB CSS Rendering",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-71382",
"datePublished": "2026-06-23T17:21:48.562Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-23T17:14:32.284Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T22:26:09.463Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-71382",
"date": "2026-09-27",
"epss": "0.00583",
"percentile": "0.45707"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf",
"product": "mupdf",
"repo": "https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf",
"vendor": "ArtifexSoftware",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.27.0-rc1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:artifex:mupdf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "4E4FF857-3159-4D6E-B8EE-B2E2C486BFE3",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.27.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "MuPDF before 1.27.0-rc1 contains an uncontrolled recursion vulnerability in the EPUB CSS rendering engine that allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service by supplying a maliciously crafted EPUB file with deeply nested HTML elements and inline CSS styles. The function value_from_inheritable_property() in css-apply.c recurses through the CSS property inheritance chain without a depth limit, exhausting the process stack and causing a crash in any application using MuPDF for EPUB rendering."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-71382",
"lastModified": "2026-07-14T23:17:28.780",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-71382",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-23T17:36:25.366763Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-06-23T18:17:41.087",
"references": [
{
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Issue Tracking",
"Mitigation"
],
"url": "https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=708840"
},
{
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf/commit/70b71ab22e6de4d4c44cd301c88231f623a4e94e"
},
{
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"tags": [
"Release Notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf/releases/tag/1.27.0-rc1"
},
{
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"tags": [
"Patch",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mupdf-rc1-stack-exhaustion-dos-via-epub-css-rendering"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-674"
}
],
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-06-28T07:33:38+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-71382",
"id": "CVE-2025-71382",
"initial_release_date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "mupdf: MuPDF: Denial of Service via uncontrolled recursion in EPUB CSS rendering",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-71382.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-71382",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-06-23T17:36:25.366763Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-23T17:36:30.598Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf",
"product": "mupdf",
"repo": "https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf",
"vendor": "ArtifexSoftware",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.27.0-rc1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:artifex:mupdf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.27.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Ishayu Potey"
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-09-15T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "MuPDF before 1.27.0-rc1 contains an uncontrolled recursion vulnerability in the EPUB CSS rendering engine that allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service by supplying a maliciously crafted EPUB file with deeply nested HTML elements and inline CSS styles. The function value_from_inheritable_property() in css-apply.c recurses through the CSS property inheritance chain without a depth limit, exhausting the process stack and causing a crash in any application using MuPDF for EPUB rendering."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-674",
"description": "Uncontrolled Recursion",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T22:26:09.463Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf/releases/tag/1.27.0-rc1"
},
{
"tags": [
"technical-description",
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=708840"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/mupdf/commit/70b71ab22e6de4d4c44cd301c88231f623a4e94e"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mupdf-rc1-stack-exhaustion-dos-via-epub-css-rendering"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"title": "MuPDF \u003c 1.27.0-rc1 Stack Exhaustion DoS via EPUB CSS Rendering",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-71382",
"datePublished": "2026-06-23T17:21:48.562Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-23T17:14:32.284Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T22:26:09.463Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…