CVE-2025-68431 (GCVE-0-2025-68431)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-29 19:09 – Updated: 2025-12-30 22:26
VLAI
Title
libheif has Potential Heap Buffer Over-Read
Summary
libheif is an HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Prior to version 1.21.0, a crafted HEIF that exercises the overlay image item path triggers a heap buffer over-read in `HeifPixelImage::overlay()`. The function computes a negative row length (likely from an unclipped overlay rectangle or invalid offsets), which then underflows when converted to `size_t` and is passed to `memcpy`, causing a very large read past the end of the source plane and a crash. Version 1.21.0 contains a patch. As a workaround, avoid decoding images using `iovl` overlay boxes.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-30 21:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
strukturag libheif Affected: < 1.21.0
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-68431",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-12-30T21:54:12.455580Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-12-30T22:26:20.374Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "libheif",
          "vendor": "strukturag",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.21.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "libheif is an HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Prior to version 1.21.0, a crafted HEIF that exercises the overlay image item path triggers a heap buffer over-read in `HeifPixelImage::overlay()`. The function computes a negative row length (likely from an unclipped overlay rectangle or invalid offsets), which then underflows when converted to `size_t` and is passed to `memcpy`, causing a very large read past the end of the source plane and a crash. Version 1.21.0 contains a patch. As a workaround, avoid decoding images using `iovl` overlay boxes."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-125",
              "description": "CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-190",
              "description": "CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-12-29T19:09:54.628Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-j87x-4gmq-cqfq",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-j87x-4gmq-cqfq"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/b8c12a7b70f46c9516711a988483bed377b78d46",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/b8c12a7b70f46c9516711a988483bed377b78d46"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/tag/v1.21.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/tag/v1.21.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-j87x-4gmq-cqfq",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "libheif has Potential Heap Buffer Over-Read"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-68431",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-29T19:09:54.628Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-17T15:29:39.380Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-12-30T22:26:20.374Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-68431",
      "date": "2026-09-22",
      "epss": "0.00332",
      "percentile": "0.26679"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "libheif",
                "vendor": "strukturag",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003c 1.21.0"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:struktur:libheif:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "BBD4D6C6-A38E-4C2C-AB9D-F82441BE2D4F",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "1.21.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "libheif is an HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Prior to version 1.21.0, a crafted HEIF that exercises the overlay image item path triggers a heap buffer over-read in `HeifPixelImage::overlay()`. The function computes a negative row length (likely from an unclipped overlay rectangle or invalid offsets), which then underflows when converted to `size_t` and is passed to `memcpy`, causing a very large read past the end of the source plane and a crash. Version 1.21.0 contains a patch. As a workaround, avoid decoding images using `iovl` overlay boxes."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-68431",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:59:04.493",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 6.5,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            },
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.1,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
              "impactScore": 4.2,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-68431",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-12-30T21:54:12.455580Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-12-29T19:15:56.933",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/b8c12a7b70f46c9516711a988483bed377b78d46"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Product",
              "Release Notes"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/tag/v1.21.0"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Patch",
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-j87x-4gmq-cqfq"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-125"
              },
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-190"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-28T07:10:37+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-68431",
      "id": "CVE-2025-68431",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-29T19:09:54.628000+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "libheif: libheif has Potential Heap Buffer Over-Read",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-68431.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-01T13:40:02Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-68431",
      "id": "CVE-2025-68431",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-31T00:23:15Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "35",
      "product_status:recommended": "79",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-68431",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-68431.json",
      "version": "21"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2025-68431",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2025-12-30T21:54:12.455580Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-12-30T21:54:36.793Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "libheif",
              "vendor": "strukturag",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003c 1.21.0"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "libheif is an HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Prior to version 1.21.0, a crafted HEIF that exercises the overlay image item path triggers a heap buffer over-read in `HeifPixelImage::overlay()`. The function computes a negative row length (likely from an unclipped overlay rectangle or invalid offsets), which then underflows when converted to `size_t` and is passed to `memcpy`, causing a very large read past the end of the source plane and a crash. Version 1.21.0 contains a patch. As a workaround, avoid decoding images using `iovl` overlay boxes."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 6.5,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-125",
                  "description": "CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-190",
                  "description": "CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2025-12-29T19:09:54.628Z",
            "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            "shortName": "GitHub_M"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-j87x-4gmq-cqfq",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-j87x-4gmq-cqfq"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/b8c12a7b70f46c9516711a988483bed377b78d46",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/b8c12a7b70f46c9516711a988483bed377b78d46"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/tag/v1.21.0",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/tag/v1.21.0"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-j87x-4gmq-cqfq",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "libheif has Potential Heap Buffer Over-Read"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-68431",
        "datePublished": "2025-12-29T19:09:54.628Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-12-17T15:29:39.380Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-12-30T22:26:20.374Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.