CVE-2025-66481 (GCVE-0-2025-66481)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 00:25 – Updated: 2025-12-09 16:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DeepChat's Incomplete XSS Fix Allows RCE through Mermaid Content
Summary
DeepChat is an open-source AI chat platform that supports cloud models and LLMs. Versions 0.5.1 and below are vulnerable to XSS attacks through improperly sanitized Mermaid content. The recent security patch for MermaidArtifact.vue is insufficient and can be bypassed using unquoted HTML attributes combined with HTML entity encoding. Remote Code Execution is possible on the victim's machine via the electron.ipcRenderer interface, bypassing the regex filter intended to strip dangerous attributes. There is no fix at time of publication.
Severity
9.7 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-09 14:17 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ThinkInAIXYZ | deepchat |
Affected:
<= 0.5.1
|
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66481",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-09T14:17:46.241244Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T16:03:38.736Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "deepchat",
"vendor": "ThinkInAIXYZ",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c= 0.5.1"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "DeepChat is an open-source AI chat platform that supports cloud models and LLMs. Versions 0.5.1 and below are vulnerable to XSS attacks through improperly sanitized Mermaid content. The recent security patch for MermaidArtifact.vue is insufficient and can be bypassed using unquoted HTML attributes combined with HTML entity encoding. Remote Code Execution is possible on the victim\u0027s machine via the electron.ipcRenderer interface, bypassing the regex filter intended to strip dangerous attributes. There is no fix at time of publication."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.7,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-80",
"description": "CWE-80: Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T00:25:08.301Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "DeepChat\u0027s Incomplete XSS Fix Allows RCE through Mermaid Content"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66481",
"datePublished": "2025-12-09T00:25:08.301Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-02T17:09:52.016Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T16:03:38.736Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-66481",
"date": "2026-10-08",
"epss": "0.0058",
"percentile": "0.45973"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"product": "deepchat",
"vendor": "ThinkInAIXYZ",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c= 0.5.1"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:thinkinai:deepchat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "D827ED0C-D2C6-4D0A-B8F4-B448115E4F56",
"versionEndIncluding": "0.5.1",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "DeepChat is an open-source AI chat platform that supports cloud models and LLMs. Versions 0.5.1 and below are vulnerable to XSS attacks through improperly sanitized Mermaid content. The recent security patch for MermaidArtifact.vue is insufficient and can be bypassed using unquoted HTML attributes combined with HTML entity encoding. Remote Code Execution is possible on the victim\u0027s machine via the electron.ipcRenderer interface, bypassing the regex filter intended to strip dangerous attributes. There is no fix at time of publication."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "DeepChat es una plataforma de chat de IA de c\u00f3digo abierto que soporta modelos en la nube y LLMs. Las versiones 0.5.1 e inferiores son vulnerables a ataques de XSS a trav\u00e9s de contenido Mermaid incorrectamente saneado. El reciente parche de seguridad para MermaidArtifact.vue es insuficiente y puede ser eludido usando atributos HTML sin comillas combinados con codificaci\u00f3n de entidades HTML. La ejecuci\u00f3n remota de c\u00f3digo es posible en la m\u00e1quina de la v\u00edctima a trav\u00e9s de la interfaz electron.ipcRenderer, eludiendo el filtro de expresiones regulares destinado a eliminar atributos peligrosos. No hay soluci\u00f3n en el momento de la publicaci\u00f3n."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-66481",
"lastModified": "2026-10-07T20:10:01.970",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.6,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
"impactScore": 6.0,
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66481",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-09T14:17:46.241244Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-12-09T01:16:55.140",
"references": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4"
},
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
"vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-79"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-80"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-94"
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-79"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-12-10T00:28:33+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-66481",
"id": "CVE-2025-66481",
"initial_release_date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "DeepChat\u0027s Incomplete XSS Fix Allows RCE through Mermaid Content",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-66481.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-66481",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-09T14:17:46.241244Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T14:17:48.212Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "deepchat",
"vendor": "ThinkInAIXYZ",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c= 0.5.1"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "DeepChat is an open-source AI chat platform that supports cloud models and LLMs. Versions 0.5.1 and below are vulnerable to XSS attacks through improperly sanitized Mermaid content. The recent security patch for MermaidArtifact.vue is insufficient and can be bypassed using unquoted HTML attributes combined with HTML entity encoding. Remote Code Execution is possible on the victim\u0027s machine via the electron.ipcRenderer interface, bypassing the regex filter intended to strip dangerous attributes. There is no fix at time of publication."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.7,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-80",
"description": "CWE-80: Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T00:25:08.301Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ThinkInAIXYZ/deepchat/security/advisories/GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-h9f5-7hhf-fqm4",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "DeepChat\u0027s Incomplete XSS Fix Allows RCE through Mermaid Content"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66481",
"datePublished": "2025-12-09T00:25:08.301Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-02T17:09:52.016Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-09T16:03:38.736Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…