Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-66299 (GCVE-0-2025-66299)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-01 21:15 – Updated: 2025-12-02 14:07

Title

Security Sandbox Bypass with SSTI (Server Side Template Injection) in the Grav CMS

Summary

Grav is a file-based Web platform. Prior to 1.8.0-beta.27, Grav CMS is vulnerable to a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that allows any authenticated user with editor permissions to execute arbitrary code on the remote server, bypassing the existing security sandbox. Since the security sandbox does not fully protect the Twig object, it is possible to interact with it (e.g., call methods, read/write attributes) through maliciously crafted Twig template directives injected into a web page. This allows an authenticated editor to add arbitrary functions to the Twig attribute system.twig.safe_filters, effectively bypassing the Grav CMS sandbox. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.0-beta.27.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-02 14:07 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisori…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/e37259527d…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
getgrav	grav	Affected: < 1.8.0-beta.27	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CNVD-2025-30339

Vulnerability from cnvd - Published: 2025-12-09

Title

Grav服务器端模板注入漏洞

Description

Grav是一套可扩展的用于个人博客、小型内容发布平台和单页产品展示的CMS（内容管理系统）。 Grav存在服务器端模板注入漏洞，攻击者可利用该漏洞导致任意代码执行。

Severity

高

Patch Name

Grav服务器端模板注入漏洞的补丁

Patch Description

Grav是一套可扩展的用于个人博客、小型内容发布平台和单页产品展示的CMS（内容管理系统）。 Grav存在服务器端模板注入漏洞，攻击者可利用该漏洞导致任意代码执行。目前，供应商发布了安全公告及相关补丁信息，修复了此漏洞。

Formal description

目前厂商已发布升级程序修复该安全问题，详情见厂商官网: https://getgrav.org/downloads

Reference

https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/e37259527d9c1deb6200f8967197a9fa587c6458

Impacted products

Name
Grav Grav <1.8.0-beta.27

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cves": {
    "cve": {
      "cveNumber": "CVE-2025-66299",
      "cveUrl": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66299"
    }
  },
  "description": "Grav\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u535a\u5ba2\u3001\u5c0f\u578b\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u5e03\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u5355\u9875\u4ea7\u54c1\u5c55\u793a\u7684CMS\uff08\u5185\u5bb9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u3002\n\nGrav\u5b58\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u6a21\u677f\u6ce8\u5165\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5bfc\u81f4\u4efb\u610f\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u3002",
  "formalWay": "\u76ee\u524d\u5382\u5546\u5df2\u53d1\u5e03\u5347\u7ea7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fee\u590d\u8be5\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8be6\u60c5\u89c1\u5382\u5546\u5b98\u7f51:\r\nhttps://getgrav.org/downloads",
  "isEvent": "\u901a\u7528\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u6f0f\u6d1e",
  "number": "CNVD-2025-30339",
  "openTime": "2025-12-09",
  "patchDescription": "Grav\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u535a\u5ba2\u3001\u5c0f\u578b\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u5e03\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u5355\u9875\u4ea7\u54c1\u5c55\u793a\u7684CMS\uff08\u5185\u5bb9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u3002\r\n\r\nGrav\u5b58\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u6a21\u677f\u6ce8\u5165\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5bfc\u81f4\u4efb\u610f\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u516c\u544a\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u8865\u4e01\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4fee\u590d\u4e86\u6b64\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002",
  "patchName": "Grav\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u6a21\u677f\u6ce8\u5165\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u8865\u4e01",
  "products": {
    "product": "Grav Grav \u003c1.8.0-beta.27"
  },
  "referenceLink": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/e37259527d9c1deb6200f8967197a9fa587c6458",
  "serverity": "\u9ad8",
  "submitTime": "2025-12-03",
  "title": "Grav\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u6a21\u677f\u6ce8\u5165\u6f0f\u6d1e"
}

FKIE_CVE-2025-66299

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-12-01 22:15 - Updated: 2026-09-26 00:10

Severity

8.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/e37259527d9c1deb6200f8967197a9fa587c6458	Patch
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-gjc5-8cfh-653x	Exploit, Third Party Advisory

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
getgrav	grav	*
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0
getgrav	grav	1.8.0

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "grav",
          "vendor": "getgrav",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.8.0-beta.27"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "0F068841-DBCC-41D5-8B24-BFCE51841E2E",
              "versionEndExcluding": "1.8.0",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "8A383F2E-C6BA-440B-B648-A3313B7D91C3",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta10:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "F7EF2DEC-2798-4D0D-9C27-0F01BAFEAEFD",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta11:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "530C6F64-F30B-4E93-9A12-D9625EA57483",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta12:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "9AC28BF9-626D-4514-91F0-F81DAB5D3602",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta13:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "307AA375-E531-4AE5-BA79-2F9D4DE7A05F",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta14:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "C2E3E312-485D-42B0-B465-64B6438CDCAE",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta15:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "5BE4B2F9-1B6D-4D18-916A-5C95A3213222",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta16:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "763207F0-92D1-4274-A30A-DE634C5852C3",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta17:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "1DE8F350-BA07-4DAA-AE4B-5E0A532B6828",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta18:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "F9150B94-0DF3-43F3-9806-39787A6C0E4D",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta19:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "BAA7C7EC-8FB2-445D-8A02-1743D87F5416",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "7A6BEA2A-D534-4C9E-811A-8A46E214C46D",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta20:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "7A644F57-FF39-4262-9796-7C4F3B0851C1",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta21:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "B2AFB9E7-084E-497B-B0FC-CA6A5033C5BF",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta22:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "5C5E8823-9083-4FFA-9897-CAD0340DCE68",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta23:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "9C048938-E0EC-4AD0-9847-FD74E6770FE2",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta24:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "F7B43876-1445-418A-9707-E692FDF62C4D",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta25:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "94B209DE-01C6-41BA-B912-CF57849A9F7A",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta26:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "AB53AA10-87A5-4010-8019-BF4AA5ABC12B",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "775E0913-F3EF-4A55-B162-5BF9C6E2E641",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "3C3E022E-35CB-40AD-959A-F39949E38BD3",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta5:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "8779C813-A81A-4E21-AB86-6193933568BC",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta6:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "B608EDD4-207A-41A7-A60D-496FDA8EAFEA",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta7:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "AE1F2253-3EE0-4ADD-B8A5-C882A60FC626",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta8:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "81D4C859-5560-42F1-ACD9-65210E523F28",
              "vulnerable": true
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:1.8.0:beta9:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "156707A7-9507-4AC1-9CD0-90E32836E9DF",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Grav is a file-based Web platform. Prior to 1.8.0-beta.27, Grav CMS is vulnerable to a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that allows any authenticated user with editor permissions to execute arbitrary code on the remote server, bypassing the existing security sandbox. Since the security sandbox does not fully protect the Twig object, it is possible to interact with it (e.g., call methods, read/write attributes) through maliciously crafted Twig template directives injected into a web page. This allows an authenticated editor to add arbitrary functions to the Twig attribute system.twig.safe_filters, effectively bypassing the Grav CMS sandbox. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.0-beta.27."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Grav es una plataforma web basada en archivos. Versiones anteriores a 1.8.0-beta.27, Grav CMS es vulnerable a una inyecci\u00f3n de plantilla del lado del servidor (SSTI) que permite a cualquier usuario autenticado con permisos de editor ejecutar c\u00f3digo arbitrario en el servidor remoto, eludiendo la sandbox de seguridad existente. Dado que la sandbox de seguridad no protege completamente el objeto Twig, es posible interactuar con \u00e9l (p. ej., llamar a m\u00e9todos, leer/escribir atributos) a trav\u00e9s de directivas de plantilla Twig creadas maliciosamente e inyectadas en una p\u00e1gina web. Esto permite a un editor autenticado a\u00f1adir funciones arbitrarias al atributo Twig \u0027system.twig.safe_filters\u0027, eludiendo eficazmente la sandbox de Grav CMS. Esta vulnerabilidad se ha corregido en la versi\u00f3n 1.8.0-beta.27."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-66299",
  "lastModified": "2026-09-26T00:10:00.127",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-66299",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2025-12-02T14:07:46.404721Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-12-01T22:15:49.290",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/e37259527d9c1deb6200f8967197a9fa587c6458"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-gjc5-8cfh-653x"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-94"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-1336"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GJC5-8CFH-653X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-02 00:36 – Updated: 2025-12-02 00:36

Summary

Grav is Vulnerable to Security Sandbox Bypass with SSTI (Server Side Template Injection)

Details

Summary

Grav CMS is vulnerable to a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that allows any authenticated user with editor permissions to execute arbitrary code on the remote server, bypassing the existing security sandbox.

Details

Grav CMS uses a custom sandbox to protect the powerful Twig methods such as registerUndefinedFilterCallback(). These methods are designed to prevent SSTI attacks by denying the execution of dangerous PHP functions (e.g., exec(), passthru(), system(), etc.) within Twig template directives.

The current defense mechanism relies on a blacklist of prohibited functions (PHP, Twig), checked through the isDangerousFunction() method in the file system/src/Grav/Common/Twig.php:

$this->twig->registerUndefinedFilterCallback(function (string $name) use ($config) {
    $allowed = $config->get('system.twig.safe_filters');
    if (is_array($allowed) && in_array($name, $allowed, true) && function_exists($name)) {
        return new TwigFilter($name, $name);
    }
    if ($config->get('system.twig.undefined_filters')) {
        if (function_exists($name)) {
            if (!Utils::isDangerousFunction($name)) {
                user_error("PHP function {$name}() used as Twig filter. This is deprecated in Grav 1.7. Please add it to system configuration: `system.twig.safe_filters`", E_USER_DEPRECATED);

                return new TwigFilter($name, $name);
            }

            /** @var Debugger $debugger */
            $debugger = $this->grav['debugger'];
            $debugger->addException(new RuntimeException("Blocked potentially dangerous PHP function {$name}() being used as Twig filter. If you really want to use it, please add it to system configuration: `system.twig.safe_filters`"));
        }

        return new TwigFilter($name, static function () {});
    }

    return false;
});

In this code, the isDangerousFunction() check is bypassed if the filter defined in the $name variable is considered safe. Only an administrator can mark a function as safe by adding it to the system.twig.safe_filters configuration properties (whitelists that are empty by default) in the system/config/system.yaml file.

Notably, the Twig class is defined within the system/src/Grav/Common/Twig.php file, and the Twig object (and environment) is instantiated there:

/**
 * Class Twig
 * @package Grav\Common\Twig
 */
class Twig
{
    /** @var Environment */
    public $twig;
    /** @var array */
    public $twig_vars = [];
    /** @var array */
    public $twig_paths;
    /** @var string */
    public $template;

    // Constructor
    public function __construct(Grav $grav)
    {
        $this->grav = $grav;
        $this->twig_paths = [];
    }

    // Twig initialization method
    public function init()
    {
        if (null === $this->twig) {
            /** @var Config $config */
            $config = $this->grav['config'];
            /** @var UniformResourceLocator $locator */
            $locator = $this->grav['locator'];
            /** @var Language $language */
            $language = $this->grav['language'];

            $active_language = $language->getActive();
        ...
        }
    }
}

Since the security sandbox does not fully protect the Twig object, it is possible to interact with it (e.g., call methods, read/write attributes) through maliciously crafted Twig template directives injected into a web page. This allows an authenticated editor to add arbitrary functions to the Twig attribute system.twig.safe_filters, effectively bypassing the Grav CMS sandbox.

Proof of Concept (PoC)

An authenticated user with permission to edit a page (with Twig processing enabled) in the Grav CMS admin console can inject malicious template directives to execute arbitrary OS commands on the remote web server.

For example, to exploit the vulnerability and execute the prohibited system('id') command, bypassing the sandbox, an editor could create/edit a web page with the following template directives:

{% set arr = {'1':'system', '2':'exec'} %}
{{ var_dump(grav.twig.twig_vars['config'].set('system.twig.safe_filters', arr)) }}
{{ 'id'|system }}
{{ 'whoami'|exec }}

Once the page is saved, it can be accessed by unauthenticated users, triggering the execution of the system('id') command on the server hosting the vulnerable Grav CMS.

Impact

The vulnerability allows remote code execution on the underlying server, which could lead to full server compromise.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "getgrav/grav"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.8.0-beta.27"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66299"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-02T00:36:36Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-01T22:15:49Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nGrav CMS is vulnerable to a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that allows any authenticated user with editor permissions to execute arbitrary code on the remote server, bypassing the existing security sandbox.\n\n## Details\n\nGrav CMS uses a custom sandbox to protect the powerful Twig methods such as `registerUndefinedFilterCallback()`. These methods are designed to prevent SSTI attacks by denying the execution of dangerous PHP functions (e.g., `exec()`, `passthru()`, `system()`, etc.) within Twig template directives.\n\nThe current defense mechanism relies on a blacklist of prohibited functions (PHP, Twig), checked through the `isDangerousFunction()` method in the file `system/src/Grav/Common/Twig.php`:\n\n```php\n$this-\u003etwig-\u003eregisterUndefinedFilterCallback(function (string $name) use ($config) {\n    $allowed = $config-\u003eget(\u0027system.twig.safe_filters\u0027);\n    if (is_array($allowed) \u0026\u0026 in_array($name, $allowed, true) \u0026\u0026 function_exists($name)) {\n        return new TwigFilter($name, $name);\n    }\n    if ($config-\u003eget(\u0027system.twig.undefined_filters\u0027)) {\n        if (function_exists($name)) {\n            if (!Utils::isDangerousFunction($name)) {\n                user_error(\"PHP function {$name}() used as Twig filter. This is deprecated in Grav 1.7. Please add it to system configuration: `system.twig.safe_filters`\", E_USER_DEPRECATED);\n\n                return new TwigFilter($name, $name);\n            }\n\n            /** @var Debugger $debugger */\n            $debugger = $this-\u003egrav[\u0027debugger\u0027];\n            $debugger-\u003eaddException(new RuntimeException(\"Blocked potentially dangerous PHP function {$name}() being used as Twig filter. If you really want to use it, please add it to system configuration: `system.twig.safe_filters`\"));\n        }\n\n        return new TwigFilter($name, static function () {});\n    }\n\n    return false;\n});\n```\n\nIn this code, the `isDangerousFunction()` check is bypassed if the filter defined in the $name variable is considered safe. Only an administrator can mark a function as safe by adding it to the `system.twig.safe_filters` configuration properties (whitelists that are empty by default) in the `system/config/system.yaml` file.\n\nNotably, the Twig class is defined within the `system/src/Grav/Common/Twig.php` file, and the Twig object (and environment) is instantiated there:\n\n```php\n/**\n * Class Twig\n * @package Grav\\Common\\Twig\n */\nclass Twig\n{\n    /** @var Environment */\n    public $twig;\n    /** @var array */\n    public $twig_vars = [];\n    /** @var array */\n    public $twig_paths;\n    /** @var string */\n    public $template;\n\n    // Constructor\n    public function __construct(Grav $grav)\n    {\n        $this-\u003egrav = $grav;\n        $this-\u003etwig_paths = [];\n    }\n\n    // Twig initialization method\n    public function init()\n    {\n        if (null === $this-\u003etwig) {\n            /** @var Config $config */\n            $config = $this-\u003egrav[\u0027config\u0027];\n            /** @var UniformResourceLocator $locator */\n            $locator = $this-\u003egrav[\u0027locator\u0027];\n            /** @var Language $language */\n            $language = $this-\u003egrav[\u0027language\u0027];\n\n            $active_language = $language-\u003egetActive();\n        ...\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\nSince the security sandbox does not fully protect the Twig object, it is possible to interact with it (e.g., call methods, read/write attributes) through maliciously crafted Twig template directives injected into a web page. This allows an authenticated editor to add arbitrary functions to the Twig attribute `system.twig.safe_filters`, effectively bypassing the Grav CMS sandbox.\n\n## Proof of Concept (PoC)\nAn authenticated user with permission to edit a page (with Twig processing enabled) in the Grav CMS admin console can inject malicious template directives to execute arbitrary OS commands on the remote web server.\n\nFor example, to exploit the vulnerability and execute the prohibited `system(\u0027id\u0027)` command, bypassing the sandbox, an editor could create/edit a web page with the following template directives:\n\n```twig\n{% set arr = {\u00271\u0027:\u0027system\u0027, \u00272\u0027:\u0027exec\u0027} %}\n{{ var_dump(grav.twig.twig_vars[\u0027config\u0027].set(\u0027system.twig.safe_filters\u0027, arr)) }}\n{{ \u0027id\u0027|system }}\n{{ \u0027whoami\u0027|exec }}\n```\n\nOnce the page is saved, it can be accessed by unauthenticated users, triggering the execution of the `system(\u0027id\u0027)` command on the server hosting the vulnerable Grav CMS.\n\n## Impact\nThe vulnerability allows remote code execution on the underlying server, which could lead to full server compromise.",
  "id": "GHSA-gjc5-8cfh-653x",
  "modified": "2025-12-02T00:36:36Z",
  "published": "2025-12-02T00:36:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-gjc5-8cfh-653x"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66299"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/e37259527d9c1deb6200f8967197a9fa587c6458"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Grav is Vulnerable to Security Sandbox Bypass with SSTI (Server Side Template Injection)"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

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Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-66299 (GCVE-0-2025-66299)

CNVD-2025-30339

FKIE_CVE-2025-66299

GHSA-GJC5-8CFH-653X

Summary

Details

Proof of Concept (PoC)

Impact

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