CVE-2025-52958 (GCVE-0-2025-52958)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-11 14:43 – Updated: 2025-07-11 14:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: When route validation is enabled, BGP connection establishment failure causes RPD crash
Summary
A Reachable Assertion vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS).On all Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved devices, when route validation is enabled, a rare condition during BGP initial session establishment can lead to an rpd crash and restart. This occurs specifically when the connection request fails during error-handling scenario.
Continued session establishment failures leads to a sustained DoS condition.
This issue affects Junos OS:
* All versions before 22.2R3-S6,
* from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S6,
* from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3,
* from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4,
* from 24.2 before 24.2R2;
Junos OS Evolved:
* All versions before 22.2R3-S6-EVO,
* from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S6-EVO,
* from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3-EVO,
* from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4-EVO,
* from 24.2 before 24.2R2-EVO.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-11 14:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-617 - Reachable Assertion
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA100066 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Affected:
0 , < 22.2R3-S6
(semver)
Affected: 22.4 , < 22.4R3-S6 (semver) Affected: 23.2 , < 23.2R2-S3 (semver) Affected: 23.4 , < 23.4R2-S4 (semver) Affected: 24.2 , < 24.2R2 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS Evolved |
Affected:
0 , < 22.2R3-S6-EVO
(semver)
Affected: 22.4 , < 22.4R3-S6-EVO (semver) Affected: 23.2 , < 23.2R2-S3-EVO (semver) Affected: 23.4 , < 23.4R2-S4-EVO (semver) Affected: 24.2 , < 24.2R2-EVO (semver) |
guessed |
Date Public
2025-07-09 16:00
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Advisory\"]}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-07-13T15:20:48+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-52958",
"id": "CVE-2025-52958",
"initial_release_date": "2025-07-09T16:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: When route validation is enabled, BGP connection establishment failure causes RPD crash",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-52958.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-52958\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-07-11T14:55:42.909359Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-07-11T14:55:47.158Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: When route validation is enabled, BGP connection establishment failure causes RPD crash\", \"source\": {\"defect\": [\"1851205\"], \"advisory\": \"JSA100066\", \"discovery\": \"USER\"}, \"metrics\": [{\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 5.3, \"attackVector\": \"ADJACENT_NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"HIGH\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"GENERAL\"}]}, {\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV4_0\": {\"Safety\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"version\": \"4.0\", \"Recovery\": \"AUTOMATIC\", \"baseScore\": 6, \"Automatable\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"attackVector\": \"ADJACENT\", \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"valueDensity\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/R:A/RE:M/U:Green\", \"providerUrgency\": \"GREEN\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"HIGH\", \"attackRequirements\": \"PRESENT\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"subIntegrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnIntegrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"subAvailabilityImpact\": \"LOW\", \"vulnAvailabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"subConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\": \"MODERATE\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"GENERAL\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"Juniper Networks\", \"product\": \"Junos OS\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"22.2R3-S6\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"22.4\", \"lessThan\": \"22.4R3-S6\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"23.2\", \"lessThan\": \"23.2R2-S3\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"23.4\", \"lessThan\": \"23.4R2-S4\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"24.2\", \"lessThan\": \"24.2R2\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"vendor\": \"Juniper Networks\", \"product\": \"Junos OS Evolved\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"22.2R3-S6-EVO\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"22.4\", \"lessThan\": \"22.4R3-S6-EVO\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"23.2\", \"lessThan\": \"23.2R2-S3-EVO\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"23.4\", \"lessThan\": \"23.4R2-S4-EVO\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"24.2\", \"lessThan\": \"24.2R2-EVO\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"exploits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Juniper SIRT is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this vulnerability.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"Juniper SIRT is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this vulnerability.\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"solutions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"The following software releases have been updated to resolve this specific issue: \\n\\nJunos OS Evolved: 22.2R3-S6-EVO, 22.4R3-S6-EVO,\\u00a023.2R2-S3-EVO,\\u00a023.4R2-S4-EVO, 24.2R2-EVO, 24.4R1-EVO, and all subsequent releases.\\n\\nJunos OS: 22.2R3-S6, 22.4R3-S6, 23.2R2-S3, 23.4R2-S4, 24.2R2, 24.4R1, and all subsequent releases.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"The following software releases have been updated to resolve this specific issue: \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJunos OS Evolved: 22.2R3-S6-EVO, \u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003e22.4R3-S6-EVO,\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003e23.2R2-S3-EVO,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e23.4R2-S4-EVO, 24.2R2-EVO, 24.4R1-EVO, and all subsequent releases.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJunos OS: 22.2R3-S6, 22.4R3-S6, 23.2R2-S3, 23.4R2-S4, 24.2R2, 24.4R1, and all subsequent releases.\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"datePublic\": \"2025-07-09T16:00:00.000Z\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA100066\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}], \"workarounds\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"There are no known workarounds for this issue.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"There are no known workarounds for this issue.\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"A Reachable Assertion vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper\\u00a0Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an adjacent,\\u00a0unauthenticated\\u00a0attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS).On all Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved devices, when route validation is enabled, a rare condition during BGP initial session establishment can lead to an rpd crash and restart. This occurs specifically when the connection request fails during error-handling scenario.\\n\\nContinued session establishment failures leads to a sustained DoS condition.\\u00a0\\n\\nThis issue affects Junos OS:\\n\\n * All versions before 22.2R3-S6, \\n * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S6, \\n * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3, \\n * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4, \\n * from 24.2 before 24.2R2; \\n\\n\\n\\nJunos OS Evolved: \\n * All versions before 22.2R3-S6-EVO, \\n * from 22.4 before\\u00a022.4R3-S6-EVO,\\n * from 23.2 before\\u00a023.2R2-S3-EVO,\\n * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4-EVO, \\n * from 24.2 before 24.2R2-EVO.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"\u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003eA Reachable Assertion vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003eNetworks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an adjacent,\u0026nbsp;unauthenticated\u0026nbsp;attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS).\u003cp\u003eOn all Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved devices, when route validation is enabled, a rare condition during BGP initial session establishment can lead to an rpd crash and restart. This occurs specifically when the connection request fails during error-handling scenario.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eContinued session establishment failures leads to a sustained DoS condition.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects Junos OS:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003eAll versions before 22.2R3-S6, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003efrom 22.4 before 22.4R3-S6, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003efrom 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003efrom 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003efrom 24.2 before 24.2R2; \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJunos OS Evolved: \u003cbr\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003eAll versions before 22.2R3-S6-EVO, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003efrom 22.4 before\u0026nbsp;22.4R3-S6-EVO,\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003efrom 23.2 before\u0026nbsp;23.2R2-S3-EVO,\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003efrom 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4-EVO, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\\\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"\u003efrom 24.2 before 24.2R2-EVO.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-617\", \"description\": \"CWE-617 Reachable Assertion\"}]}], \"configurations\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"The following minimal configuration is required:\\n\\n [protocols bgp]\\n[routing-options validation]\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"\u003cp\u003eThe following minimal configuration is required:\u003c/p\u003e \u003ctt\u003e[protocols bgp]\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/tt\u003e\u003ctt\u003e[routing-options validation]\u003c/tt\u003e\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"8cbe9d5a-a066-4c94-8978-4b15efeae968\", \"shortName\": \"juniper\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-07-11T14:43:38.431Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-52958\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-07-11T14:55:56.096Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-06-23T13:17:37.424Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"8cbe9d5a-a066-4c94-8978-4b15efeae968\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-07-11T14:43:38.431Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"juniper\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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