CVE-2025-40102 (GCVE-0-2025-40102)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-30 09:48 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:42
VLAI
Title
KVM: arm64: Prevent access to vCPU events before init
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: arm64: Prevent access to vCPU events before init Another day, another syzkaller bug. KVM erroneously allows userspace to pend vCPU events for a vCPU that hasn't been initialized yet, leading to KVM interpreting a bunch of uninitialized garbage for routing / injecting the exception. In one case the injection code and the hyp disagree on whether the vCPU has a 32bit EL1 and put the vCPU into an illegal mode for AArch64, tripping the BUG() in exception_target_el() during the next injection: kernel BUG at arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c:40! Internal error: Oops - BUG: 00000000f2000800 [#1] SMP CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 318 Comm: repro Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4-00104-g10fd0285305d #6 PREEMPT Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT) pstate: 21402009 (nzCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : exception_target_el+0x88/0x8c lr : pend_serror_exception+0x18/0x13c sp : ffff800082f03a10 x29: ffff800082f03a10 x28: ffff0000cb132280 x27: 0000000000000000 x26: 0000000000000000 x25: ffff0000c2a99c20 x24: 0000000000000000 x23: 0000000000008000 x22: 0000000000000002 x21: 0000000000000004 x20: 0000000000008000 x19: ffff0000c2a99c20 x18: 0000000000000000 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 00000000200000c0 x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000000 x11: 0000000000000000 x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : 0000000000000000 x8 : ffff800082f03af8 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000000 x5 : ffff800080f621f0 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000000 x2 : 000000000040009b x1 : 0000000000000003 x0 : ffff0000c2a99c20 Call trace: exception_target_el+0x88/0x8c (P) kvm_inject_serror_esr+0x40/0x3b4 __kvm_arm_vcpu_set_events+0xf0/0x100 kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl+0x180/0x9d4 kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x60c/0x9f4 __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xac/0x104 invoke_syscall+0x48/0x110 el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0 do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28 el0_svc+0x34/0xf0 el0t_64_sync_handler+0xa0/0xe4 el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c Code: f946bc01 b4fffe61 9101e020 17fffff2 (d4210000) Reject the ioctls outright as no sane VMM would call these before KVM_ARM_VCPU_INIT anyway. Even if it did the exception would've been thrown away by the eventual reset of the vCPU's state.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: b7b27facc7b50a5fce0afaa3df56157136ce181a , < 64a04e6320fc5affbadc59dc7024d79f909bfe84 (git)
Affected: b7b27facc7b50a5fce0afaa3df56157136ce181a , < 0aa1b76fe1429629215a7c79820e4b96233ac4a3 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.19
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.19 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17.5 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "b7b27facc7b50a5fce0afaa3df56157136ce181a",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "0aa1b76fe1429629215a7c79820e4b96233ac4a3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "b7b27facc7b50a5fce0afaa3df56157136ce181a",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/arm64/kvm/arm.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.19"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.19",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: arm64: Prevent access to vCPU events before init\n\nAnother day, another syzkaller bug. KVM erroneously allows userspace to\npend vCPU events for a vCPU that hasn\u0027t been initialized yet, leading to\nKVM interpreting a bunch of uninitialized garbage for routing /\ninjecting the exception.\n\nIn one case the injection code and the hyp disagree on whether the vCPU\nhas a 32bit EL1 and put the vCPU into an illegal mode for AArch64,\ntripping the BUG() in exception_target_el() during the next injection:\n\n  kernel BUG at arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c:40!\n  Internal error: Oops - BUG: 00000000f2000800 [#1]  SMP\n  CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 318 Comm: repro Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4-00104-g10fd0285305d #6 PREEMPT\n  Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)\n  pstate: 21402009 (nzCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\n  pc : exception_target_el+0x88/0x8c\n  lr : pend_serror_exception+0x18/0x13c\n  sp : ffff800082f03a10\n  x29: ffff800082f03a10 x28: ffff0000cb132280 x27: 0000000000000000\n  x26: 0000000000000000 x25: ffff0000c2a99c20 x24: 0000000000000000\n  x23: 0000000000008000 x22: 0000000000000002 x21: 0000000000000004\n  x20: 0000000000008000 x19: ffff0000c2a99c20 x18: 0000000000000000\n  x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 00000000200000c0\n  x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000000\n  x11: 0000000000000000 x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : 0000000000000000\n  x8 : ffff800082f03af8 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000000\n  x5 : ffff800080f621f0 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000000\n  x2 : 000000000040009b x1 : 0000000000000003 x0 : ffff0000c2a99c20\n  Call trace:\n   exception_target_el+0x88/0x8c (P)\n   kvm_inject_serror_esr+0x40/0x3b4\n   __kvm_arm_vcpu_set_events+0xf0/0x100\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl+0x180/0x9d4\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x60c/0x9f4\n   __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xac/0x104\n   invoke_syscall+0x48/0x110\n   el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0\n   do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28\n   el0_svc+0x34/0xf0\n   el0t_64_sync_handler+0xa0/0xe4\n   el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c\n  Code: f946bc01 b4fffe61 9101e020 17fffff2 (d4210000)\n\nReject the ioctls outright as no sane VMM would call these before\nKVM_ARM_VCPU_INIT anyway. Even if it did the exception would\u0027ve been\nthrown away by the eventual reset of the vCPU\u0027s state."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:42:33.325Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64a04e6320fc5affbadc59dc7024d79f909bfe84"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0aa1b76fe1429629215a7c79820e4b96233ac4a3"
        }
      ],
      "title": "KVM: arm64: Prevent access to vCPU events before init",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40102",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-30T09:48:07.790Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.164Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:42:33.325Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40102",
      "date": "2026-05-27",
      "epss": "0.00065",
      "percentile": "0.20067"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-40102\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-10-30T10:15:34.603\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-10-30T15:03:13.440\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Awaiting Analysis\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nKVM: arm64: Prevent access to vCPU events before init\\n\\nAnother day, another syzkaller bug. KVM erroneously allows userspace to\\npend vCPU events for a vCPU that hasn\u0027t been initialized yet, leading to\\nKVM interpreting a bunch of uninitialized garbage for routing /\\ninjecting the exception.\\n\\nIn one case the injection code and the hyp disagree on whether the vCPU\\nhas a 32bit EL1 and put the vCPU into an illegal mode for AArch64,\\ntripping the BUG() in exception_target_el() during the next injection:\\n\\n  kernel BUG at arch/arm64/kvm/inject_fault.c:40!\\n  Internal error: Oops - BUG: 00000000f2000800 [#1]  SMP\\n  CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 318 Comm: repro Not tainted 6.17.0-rc4-00104-g10fd0285305d #6 PREEMPT\\n  Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)\\n  pstate: 21402009 (nzCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO +DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\\n  pc : exception_target_el+0x88/0x8c\\n  lr : pend_serror_exception+0x18/0x13c\\n  sp : ffff800082f03a10\\n  x29: ffff800082f03a10 x28: ffff0000cb132280 x27: 0000000000000000\\n  x26: 0000000000000000 x25: ffff0000c2a99c20 x24: 0000000000000000\\n  x23: 0000000000008000 x22: 0000000000000002 x21: 0000000000000004\\n  x20: 0000000000008000 x19: ffff0000c2a99c20 x18: 0000000000000000\\n  x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15: 00000000200000c0\\n  x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 0000000000000000 x12: 0000000000000000\\n  x11: 0000000000000000 x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : 0000000000000000\\n  x8 : ffff800082f03af8 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000000\\n  x5 : ffff800080f621f0 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000000\\n  x2 : 000000000040009b x1 : 0000000000000003 x0 : ffff0000c2a99c20\\n  Call trace:\\n   exception_target_el+0x88/0x8c (P)\\n   kvm_inject_serror_esr+0x40/0x3b4\\n   __kvm_arm_vcpu_set_events+0xf0/0x100\\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl+0x180/0x9d4\\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x60c/0x9f4\\n   __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xac/0x104\\n   invoke_syscall+0x48/0x110\\n   el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0\\n   do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28\\n   el0_svc+0x34/0xf0\\n   el0t_64_sync_handler+0xa0/0xe4\\n   el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c\\n  Code: f946bc01 b4fffe61 9101e020 17fffff2 (d4210000)\\n\\nReject the ioctls outright as no sane VMM would call these before\\nKVM_ARM_VCPU_INIT anyway. Even if it did the exception would\u0027ve been\\nthrown away by the eventual reset of the vCPU\u0027s state.\"}],\"metrics\":{},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0aa1b76fe1429629215a7c79820e4b96233ac4a3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/64a04e6320fc5affbadc59dc7024d79f909bfe84\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}"
  }
}


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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.