CVE-2023-51701 (GCVE-0-2023-51701)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-08 13:55 – Updated: 2025-06-03 14:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
@fastify-reply-from JSON Content-Type parsing confusion
Summary
fastify-reply-from is a Fastify plugin to forward the current HTTP request to another server. A reverse proxy server built with `@fastify/reply-from` could misinterpret the incoming body by passing an header `ContentType: application/json ; charset=utf-8`. This can lead to bypass of security checks. This vulnerability has been patched in '@fastify/reply-from` version 9.6.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-08 15:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/rel… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fastify | fastify-reply-from |
Affected:
< 9.6.0
|
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T22:40:34.194Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/releases/tag/v9.6.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/releases/tag/v9.6.0"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-51701",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-05-08T15:43:47.541104Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T14:37:39.150Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "fastify-reply-from",
"vendor": "fastify",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 9.6.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "fastify-reply-from is a Fastify plugin to forward the current HTTP request to another server. A reverse proxy server built with `@fastify/reply-from` could misinterpret the incoming body by passing an header `ContentType: application/json ; charset=utf-8`. This can lead to bypass of security checks. This vulnerability has been patched in \u0027@fastify/reply-from` version 9.6.0. \n"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-444",
"description": "CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (\u0027HTTP Request/Response Smuggling\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-01-08T13:55:05.071Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/releases/tag/v9.6.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/releases/tag/v9.6.0"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "@fastify-reply-from JSON Content-Type parsing confusion"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-51701",
"datePublished": "2024-01-08T13:55:05.071Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-12-21T21:32:12.991Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T14:37:39.150Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2023-51701",
"date": "2026-10-07",
"epss": "0.00479",
"percentile": "0.39326"
},
"fkie_nvd": {
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:fastify:reply-from:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "156AAC0C-39BA-44A0-81BD-B9190ED48E8F",
"versionEndExcluding": "9.6.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "fastify-reply-from is a Fastify plugin to forward the current HTTP request to another server. A reverse proxy server built with `@fastify/reply-from` could misinterpret the incoming body by passing an header `ContentType: application/json ; charset=utf-8`. This can lead to bypass of security checks. This vulnerability has been patched in \u0027@fastify/reply-from` version 9.6.0. \n"
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "fastify-reply-from es un complemento de Fastify para reenviar la solicitud HTTP actual a otro servidor. Un servidor proxy inverso creado con `@fastify/reply-from` podr\u00eda malinterpretar el cuerpo entrante al pasar un encabezado `ContentType: application/json; charset=utf-8`. Esto puede provocar que se eludan los controles de seguridad. Esta vulnerabilidad ha sido parcheada en \u0027@fastify/reply-from` versi\u00f3n 9.6.0."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2023-51701",
"lastModified": "2024-11-21T08:38:38.310",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 1.4,
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
},
"published": "2024-01-08T14:15:46.677",
"references": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Release Notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/releases/tag/v9.6.0"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Release Notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/releases/tag/v9.6.0"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-444"
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-444"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"product": "fastify-reply-from",
"vendor": "fastify",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 9.6.0"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:fastify:reply-from:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "156AAC0C-39BA-44A0-81BD-B9190ED48E8F",
"versionEndExcluding": "9.6.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "fastify-reply-from is a Fastify plugin to forward the current HTTP request to another server. A reverse proxy server built with `@fastify/reply-from` could misinterpret the incoming body by passing an header `ContentType: application/json ; charset=utf-8`. This can lead to bypass of security checks. This vulnerability has been patched in \u0027@fastify/reply-from` version 9.6.0. \n"
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "fastify-reply-from es un complemento de Fastify para reenviar la solicitud HTTP actual a otro servidor. Un servidor proxy inverso creado con `@fastify/reply-from` podr\u00eda malinterpretar el cuerpo entrante al pasar un encabezado `ContentType: application/json; charset=utf-8`. Esto puede provocar que se eludan los controles de seguridad. Esta vulnerabilidad ha sido parcheada en \u0027@fastify/reply-from` versi\u00f3n 9.6.0."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2023-51701",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T06:41:29.967",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 1.4,
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2023-51701",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "yes"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-05-08T15:43:47.541104Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2024-01-08T14:15:46.677",
"references": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Release Notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/releases/tag/v9.6.0"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Release Notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/releases/tag/v9.6.0"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-444"
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-444"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-05-29T00:38:07+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2023-51701",
"id": "CVE-2023-51701",
"initial_release_date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "@fastify-reply-from JSON Content-Type parsing confusion",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-51701.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T22:40:34.194Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/releases/tag/v9.6.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/releases/tag/v9.6.0"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-51701",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-05-08T15:43:47.541104Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-08T15:43:49.072Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "fastify-reply-from",
"vendor": "fastify",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 9.6.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "fastify-reply-from is a Fastify plugin to forward the current HTTP request to another server. A reverse proxy server built with `@fastify/reply-from` could misinterpret the incoming body by passing an header `ContentType: application/json ; charset=utf-8`. This can lead to bypass of security checks. This vulnerability has been patched in \u0027@fastify/reply-from` version 9.6.0. \n"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-444",
"description": "CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (\u0027HTTP Request/Response Smuggling\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-01-08T13:55:05.071Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/security/advisories/GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/releases/tag/v9.6.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify-reply-from/releases/tag/v9.6.0"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-v2v2-hph8-q5xp",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "@fastify-reply-from JSON Content-Type parsing confusion"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-51701",
"datePublished": "2024-01-08T13:55:05.071Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-12-21T21:32:12.991Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-03T14:37:39.150Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…