Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

8272 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-27498 (GCVE-0-2026-27498)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-25 22:42 – Updated: 2026-02-26 20:21
VLAI
Title
n8n has Arbitrary Command Execution via File Write and Git Operations
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.2.0 and 1.123.8, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could chain the Read/Write Files from Disk node with git operations to achieve remote code execution. By writing to specific configuration files and then triggering a git operation, the attacker could execute arbitrary shell commands on the n8n host. The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.2.0 and 1.123.8. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations. Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only, and/or disable the Read/Write Files from Disk node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.readWriteFile` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
Severity
9 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n8n-io n8n Affected: < 1.123.8
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-27497 (GCVE-0-2026-27497)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-25 22:16 – Updated: 2026-02-26 19:35
VLAI
Title
n8n has Potential Remote Code Execution via Merge Node
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could leverage the Merge node's SQL query mode to execute arbitrary code and write arbitrary files on the n8n server. The issues have been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate all known vulnerabilities. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations. Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only, and/or disable the Merge node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.merge` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n8n-io n8n Affected: < 1.123.22
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.9.3
Affected: >= 2.10.0, < 2.10.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-27495 (GCVE-0-2026-27495)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-25 22:10 – Updated: 2026-02-26 20:28
VLAI
Title
n8n has a Sandbox Escape in its JavaScript Task Runner
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could exploit a vulnerability in the JavaScript Task Runner sandbox to execute arbitrary code outside the sandbox boundary. On instances using internal Task Runners (default runner mode), this could result in full compromise of the n8n host. On instances using external Task Runners, the attacker might gain access to or impact other task executed on the Task Runner. Task Runners must be enabled using `N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED=true`. The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations. Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only, and/or use external runner mode (`N8N_RUNNERS_MODE=external`) to limit the blast radius. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n8n-io n8n Affected: < 1.123.22
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.9.3
Affected: >= 2.10.0, < 2.10.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-27493 (GCVE-0-2026-27493)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-25 22:05 – Updated: 2026-02-26 20:27
VLAI
Title
n8n has Unauthenticated Expression Evaluation via Form Node
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, a second-order expression injection vulnerability existed in n8n's Form nodes that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to inject and evaluate arbitrary n8n expressions by submitting crafted form data. When chained with an expression sandbox escape, this could escalate to remote code execution on the n8n host. The vulnerability requires a specific workflow configuration to be exploitable. First, a form node with a field interpolating a value provided by an unauthenticated user, e.g. a form submitted value. Second, the field value must begin with an `=` character, which caused n8n to treat it as an expression and triggered a double-evaluation of the field content. There is no practical reason for a workflow designer to prefix a field with `=` intentionally — the character is not rendered in the output, so the result would not match the designer's expectations. If added accidentally, it would be noticeable and very unlikely to persist. An unauthenticated attacker would need to either know about this specific circumstance on a target instance or discover a matching form by chance. Even when the preconditions are met, the expression injection alone is limited to data accessible within the n8n expression context. Escalation to remote code execution requires chaining with a separate sandbox escape vulnerability. The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations. Review usage of form nodes manually for above mentioned preconditions, disable the Form node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.form` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable, and/or disable the Form Trigger node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.formTrigger` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
Severity
9.5 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n8n-io n8n Affected: < 1.123.22
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.9.3
Affected: >= 2.10.0, < 2.10.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-27464 (GCVE-0-2026-27464)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-21 07:57 – Updated: 2026-02-24 18:51
VLAI
Title
Metabase: Server-Side Template Injection via Notifications Endpoint Leads to RCE
Summary
Metabase is an open-source data analytics platform. In versions prior to 0.57.13 and versions 0.58.x through 0.58.6, authenticated users are able to retrieve sensitive information from a Metabase instance, including database access credentials. During testing, it was confirmed that a low-privileged user can extract sensitive information including database credentials, into the email body via template evaluation. This issue has been fixed in versions 0.57.13 and 0.58.7. To workaround this issue, users can disable notifications in their Metabase instance to disallow access to the vulnerable endpoints.
Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
metabase metabase Affected: < 0.57.13
Affected: >= 0.58.x, < 0.58.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-27436 (GCVE-0-2026-27436)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 11:15 – Updated: 2026-07-02 15:53
VLAI
Title
WordPress Five Star Business Profile and Schema plugin <= 2.3.19 - Arbitrary Code Execution vulnerability
Summary
Editor Arbitrary Code Execution in Five Star Business Profile and Schema <= 2.3.19 versions.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Rustaurius Five Star Business Profile and Schema Affected: n/a , ≤ 2.3.19 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
daroo | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-27174 (GCVE-0-2026-27174)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-18 21:10 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:14
VLAI
Title
MajorDoMo Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Admin Console Eval
Summary
MajorDoMo (aka Major Domestic Module) allows unauthenticated remote code execution via the admin panel's PHP console feature. An include order bug in modules/panel.class.php causes execution to continue past a redirect() call that lacks an exit statement, allowing unauthenticated requests to reach the ajax handler in inc_panel_ajax.php. The console handler within that file passes user-supplied input from GET parameters (via register_globals) directly to eval() without any authentication check. An attacker can execute arbitrary PHP code by sending a crafted GET request to /admin.php with ajax_panel, op, and command parameters.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
sergejey MajorDoMo Affected: 0 , ≤ * (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-02-17 00:00
Credits
Valentin Lobstein
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-27044 (GCVE-0-2026-27044)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-25 16:14 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:14
VLAI
Title
WordPress Total Poll Lite plugin <= 4.12.0 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Summary
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in TotalSuite Total Poll Lite totalpoll-lite allows Remote Code Inclusion.This issue affects Total Poll Lite: from n/a through <= 4.12.0.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TotalSuite Total Poll Lite Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.12.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-22 14:18
Credits
hhhai | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-26954 (GCVE-0-2026-26954)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-13 15:51 – Updated: 2026-03-16 17:06
VLAI
Title
SandboxJS has a Sandbox Escape
Summary
SandboxJS is a JavaScript sandboxing library. Prior to 0.8.34, it is possible to obtain arrays containing Function, which allows escaping the sandbox. Given an array containing Function, and Object.fromEntries, it is possible to construct {[p]: Function} where p is any constructible property. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.8.34.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nyariv SandboxJS Affected: < 0.8.34
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-26332 (GCVE-0-2026-26332)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-04 16:35 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:14
VLAI
Title
vm2: Sandbox Escape
Summary
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to version 3.11.0, SuppressedError allows attackers to escape the sandbox and run arbitrary code. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
  • CWE-653 - Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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          "name": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.11.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/releases/tag/v3.11.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-55hx-c926-fr95",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "vm2: Sandbox Escape"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-26332",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-04T16:35:52.706Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-02-13T16:27:51.810Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-15T01:14:58.971Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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