Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-829

Allowed

Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.

539 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-115802 (GCVE-0-2026-115802)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-24 06:30 – Updated: 2026-10-24 06:30

Title

InternScience InternAgent LoRA Loading experiment.py train inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere

Summary

A weakness has been identified in InternScience InternAgent 1.5.0. This affects the function train of the file tasks/AutoChem/code/experiment.py of the component LoRA Loading. This manipulation of the argument base_model_name_or_path causes inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:C

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:C

CWE

CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

Assigner

VulDB CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3862 records in the last 180 days details

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/425984	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/425984/cti	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-115802	third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/1022289	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/InternScience/InternAgent/issues/30	issue-tracking
https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3326056…	exploit
https://github.com/InternScience/InternAgent/	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
InternScience	InternAgent	Affected: 1.5.0 cpe:2.3:a:internscience:internagent::::::::

Credits

Dem000000 (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:internscience:internagent:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
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            "LoRA Loading"
          ],
          "product": "InternAgent",
          "vendor": "InternScience",
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            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.5.0"
            }
          ]
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          "lang": "en",
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            "baseScore": 5.3,
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          "name": "Submit #1022289 | InternScience InternAgent commit fa8c3eedfa9751d3752ea6eb49220b303ac2397d (main HEAD as of 2026-07-29) Improper Input Validation",
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          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/InternScience/InternAgent/issues/30"
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          "url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/33260564/poc.zip"
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          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/InternScience/InternAgent/"
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          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-10-23T17:12:26.000Z",
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      "title": "InternScience InternAgent LoRA Loading experiment.py train inclusion of functionality from untrusted control sphere",
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}

CVE-2026-114727 (GCVE-0-2026-114727)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 01:59 – Updated: 2026-10-22 01:59

Summary

Roundcube Webmail before 1.6.20 and 1.7.x before 1.7.5 passes potentially unsafe content into ImageMagick when resizing images. SVG and EPS were accepted as valid image types for contact photo upload and conversion, and both formats can reference external resources and invoke ImageMagick delegates when processed. Upstream fixed this in the commit “Fix passing potentally unsafe attachment content into ImageMagick on image resize”, which removes svg and eps from the accepted types.

Severity

8.3 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L

CWE

CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

Assigner

mitre CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard E 29/100 over 2330 records in the last 180 days details

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://bugs.debian.org/1151279	issue-trackingthird-party-advisory
https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/commit…	patch
https://roundcube.net/news/2026/10/19/security-up…	vendor-advisoryrelease-notes
https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/releas…	release-notespatch
https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/releas…	release-notespatch
https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/commit…	patch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Roundcube	Webmail	Affected: 1.6.0 , < 1.6.20 (semver) Affected: 1.7.0 , < 1.7.5 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:roundcube:webmail:::::::: cpe:2.3:a:roundcube:webmail::::::::

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
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        {
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          "product": "Webmail",
          "repo": "https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/",
          "vendor": "Roundcube",
          "versions": [
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      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
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CVE-2026-113709 (GCVE-0-2026-113709)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-20 18:08 – Updated: 2026-10-21 15:52

Title

Argo CD: A Kustomize Helm config home can run commands in the repo-server

Summary

Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. From 2.1.0 until 3.3.15, 3.4.10, 3.5.4, and 3.6.0-rc2, when an operator has enabled --enable-helm for kustomize build, helmGlobals.configHome can point Helm's config and data directories at a repository-controlled location. Helm automatically loads a downloader plugin from `<configHome>/.data/plugins` without a separate plugin-install step and executes its program inside argocd-repo-server when a helmCharts repository URL uses the plugin's protocol. The command runs as the repo-server user and can read repository credentials and other process-accessible data. An attacker can commit the Kustomization and plugin to a Git repository that an Application builds or upload the files through POST /api/v1/applications/manifestsWithFiles, also exposed by argocd app diff --local --server-side-generate. The upload path requires only Application get permission on an existing Application, without Application update or sync permission or repository write access. Both delivery paths require prior operator enablement of --enable-helm; deployments that do not enable it are not affected. Kustomize 4.1.0 first passed helmGlobals.configHome through to Helm. This issue is fixed in versions 3.3.15, 3.4.10, 3.5.4, and 3.6.0-rc2.

Severity

9.9 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-21 14:39 UTC

CWE

CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7759 records in the last 180 days details

References

10 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/security/advi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/security/advi…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/pull/6059	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/pull/3784	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/commit/b6d5c2…	x_refsource_MISC
https://argo-cd.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user-gui…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/releases/tag/…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/releases/tag/…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/releases/tag/v3.5.4	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/releases/tag/…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
argoproj	argo-cd	Affected: >= 2.1.0, < 3.3.15 Affected: >= 3.4.0-rc1, < 3.4.10 Affected: >= 3.5.0-rc1, < 3.5.4 Affected: >= 3.6.0-rc1, < 3.6.0-rc2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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                "id": "CVE-2026-113709",
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        },
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          "name": "https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/releases/tag/v3.5.4",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
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        }
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CVE-2026-113461 (GCVE-0-2026-113461)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-21 18:11 – Updated: 2026-10-23 11:06

Title

mk-oracle: Local privilege escalation via insecure Oracle Home library loading

Summary

Local privilege escalation in Checkmk 2.5.0p14 allows a local user with write access to the Oracle client library directory of an Oracle home listed in the 'oratab' file or to the 'oratab' file itself to execute code as root if an agent has the 'mk-oracle' plugin enabled.

Severity

5.2 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-22 23:04 UTC

CWE

CWE-426 - Untrusted Search Path
CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

Assigner

Checkmk CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard A 91/100 over 19 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://checkmk.com/werk/22621	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Checkmk GmbH	Checkmk	Affected: 2.5.0p14 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:checkmk:checkmk::::::::

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-111357 (GCVE-0-2026-111357)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 20:56 – Updated: 2026-10-16 18:41

Summary

Ivanti Connect Secure 22.8R2.4 mishandles the manner in which the dsinvoked broker trusts DSCache configuration data, leading to privilege escalation to root, as exploited in the wild in October 2026.

Severity

7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-16 03:57 UTC

CWE

CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

Assigner

mitre CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard E 29/100 over 2330 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.volexity.com/blog/2026/10/13/a-series…	third-party-advisory
https://hub.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisor…	related

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Ivanti	Connect Secure	Affected: 22.8R2.4 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:ivanti:connect_secure::::::::

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-108913 (GCVE-0-2026-108913)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-11 15:50 – Updated: 2026-10-15 02:32

Summary

omarchy-theme-set in Omarchy 4 before 4.0.1 allows code execution via a third-party theme because the files placed into ~/.local/state/omarchy/current/theme may include executable content from an untrusted Git repository.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-13 18:27 UTC

CWE

CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

Assigner

mitre CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard E 29/100 over 2330 records in the last 180 days details

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/omacom/omarchy/security/adviso…
https://github.com/omacom/omarchy/pull/7884
https://github.com/omacom/omarchy/commit/ef6d9e66…
https://github.com/omacom/omarchy/releases/tag/v4.0.1
https://www.aeon.fun/security/advisories/omarchy-…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Omarchy	Omarchy	Affected: 4.0.0 , < 4.0.1 (semver)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-105745 (GCVE-0-2026-105745)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 21:29 – Updated: 2026-10-06 14:48

Title

Docling: Plugin entry points are imported before the allow_external_plugins check

Summary

Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.27.0 until 2.131.0, Docling plugin factories in docling/models/factories/base_factory.py call load_setuptools_entrypoints() before applying the allow_external_plugins setting, so every module registered in the Docling entry-point group is imported even when external plugins are disabled. An installed third-party or compromised package can therefore execute import-time code when Docling starts, while the subsequent namespace filter misleadingly reports that the plugin was not loaded. This issue is fixed in 2.131.0.

Severity

6.7 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-06 14:35 UTC

CWE

CWE-696 - Incorrect Behavior Order
CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7759 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/docling-project/docling/securi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/docling-project/docling/pull/4413	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/docling-project/docling/commit…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/docling-project/docling/releas…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
docling-project	docling	Affected: >= 2.27.0, < 2.131.0
docling-project	docling-slim	Affected: >= 2.27.0, < 2.131.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-105677 (GCVE-0-2026-105677)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 19:18 – Updated: 2026-10-06 13:40

Title

Ghost: Remote Code Execution via Theme Translation Files

Summary

Ghost is a Node.js content management system. From 6.10.3 until 6.64.0, a vulnerability in how Ghost loads theme translation files allowed an authenticated Administrator to execute arbitrary code on the server via a crafted theme. This issue is fixed in version 6.64.0.

Severity

7.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-06 13:39 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7759 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/security/adviso…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/issues/30635	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/commit/d2f49869…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/releases/tag/v6.64.0	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
TryGhost	Ghost	Affected: >= 6.10.3, < 6.64.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-105331 (GCVE-0-2026-105331)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 14:19 – Updated: 2026-10-09 03:55

Title

mk-oracle: Local privilege escalation via malicious Oracle Instant Client

Summary

Local privilege escalation in Checkmk 2.5.0 before 2.5.0p10 allows a user with access to edit the Oracle Instant Client referenced by the agent plugin 'mk-oracle' to escalate their privileges if an agent has this plugin enabled.

Severity

5.2 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-08 00:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-426 - Untrusted Search Path
CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

Assigner

Checkmk CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard A 91/100 over 19 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://checkmk.com/werk/22619	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Checkmk GmbH	Checkmk	Affected: 2.5.0 , < 2.5.0p10 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:checkmk:checkmk::::::::

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-105080 (GCVE-0-2026-105080)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-03 00:39 – Updated: 2026-10-06 16:45

Summary

In ConvertX before 0.19.0, converters/calibre.ts does not block recipe files, and instead passes them to the ebook-convert program from Calibre. This affects executable code in a .recipe or .downloaded_recipe file.

Severity

9.4 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

9.9 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-06 16:45 UTC

CWE

CWE-829 - Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

Assigner

mitre CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard E 29/100 over 2330 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/C4illin/ConvertX/releases/tag/…
https://github.com/C4illin/ConvertX/security/advi…
https://github.com/C4illin/ConvertX/commit/0ca17d…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
C4illin	ConvertX	Affected: 0 , < 0.19.0 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:c4illin:convertx::::::::

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation MIT-4

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation MIT-21.1

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.

Mitigation MIT-15

Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-22

Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.

Mitigation MIT-17

Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-5.1

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.

Mitigation MIT-34

Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.

Mitigation MIT-6

Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.

Mitigation MIT-29

Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-175: Code Inclusion

An adversary exploits a weakness on the target to force arbitrary code to be retrieved locally or from a remote location and executed. This differs from code injection in that code injection involves the direct inclusion of code while code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-201: Serialized Data External Linking

An adversary creates a serialized data file (e.g. XML, YAML, etc...) that contains an external data reference. Because serialized data parsers may not validate documents with external references, there may be no checks on the nature of the reference in the external data. This can allow an adversary to open arbitrary files or connections, which may further lead to the adversary gaining access to information on the system that they would normally be unable to obtain.

CAPEC-228: DTD Injection

An attacker injects malicious content into an application's DTD in an attempt to produce a negative technical impact. DTDs are used to describe how XML documents are processed. Certain malformed DTDs (for example, those with excessive entity expansion as described in CAPEC 197) can cause the XML parsers that process the DTDs to consume excessive resources resulting in resource depletion.

CAPEC-251: Local Code Inclusion

The attacker forces an application to load arbitrary code files from the local machine. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of library files that have known vulnerabilities, to load files that the attacker placed on the local machine during a prior attack, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.

CAPEC-252: PHP Local File Inclusion

The attacker loads and executes an arbitrary local PHP file on a target machine. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of PHP files that have known vulnerabilities, to load PHP files that the attacker placed on the local machine during a prior attack, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.

CAPEC-253: Remote Code Inclusion

The attacker forces an application to load arbitrary code files from a remote location. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of library files that have known vulnerabilities, to load malicious files that the attacker placed on the remote machine, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.

CAPEC-263: Force Use of Corrupted Files

This describes an attack where an application is forced to use a file that an attacker has corrupted. The result is often a denial of service caused by the application being unable to process the corrupted file, but other results, including the disabling of filters or access controls (if the application fails in an unsafe way rather than failing by locking down) or buffer overflows are possible.

CAPEC-538: Open-Source Library Manipulation

Adversaries implant malicious code in open source software (OSS) libraries to have it widely distributed, as OSS is commonly downloaded by developers and other users to incorporate into software development projects. The adversary can have a particular system in mind to target, or the implantation can be the first stage of follow-on attacks on many systems.

CAPEC-549: Local Execution of Code

An adversary installs and executes malicious code on the target system in an effort to achieve a negative technical impact. Examples include rootkits, ransomware, spyware, adware, and others.

CAPEC-640: Inclusion of Code in Existing Process

The adversary takes advantage of a bug in an application failing to verify the integrity of the running process to execute arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. The adversary could use running code in the context of another process to try to access process's memory, system/network resources, etc. The goal of this attack is to evade detection defenses and escalate privileges by masking the malicious code under an existing legitimate process. Examples of approaches include but not limited to: dynamic-link library (DLL) injection, portable executable injection, thread execution hijacking, ptrace system calls, VDSO hijacking, function hooking, reflective code loading, and more.

CAPEC-660: Root/Jailbreak Detection Evasion via Hooking

An adversary forces a non-restricted mobile application to load arbitrary code or code files, via Hooking, with the goal of evading Root/Jailbreak detection. Mobile device users often Root/Jailbreak their devices in order to gain administrative control over the mobile operating system and/or to install third-party mobile applications that are not provided by authorized application stores (e.g. Google Play Store and Apple App Store). Adversaries may further leverage these capabilities to escalate privileges or bypass access control on legitimate applications. Although many mobile applications check if a mobile device is Rooted/Jailbroken prior to authorized use of the application, adversaries may be able to "hook" code in order to circumvent these checks. Successfully evading Root/Jailbreak detection allows an adversary to execute administrative commands, obtain confidential data, impersonate legitimate users of the application, and more.

CAPEC-695: Repo Jacking

An adversary takes advantage of the redirect property of directly linked Version Control System (VCS) repositories to trick users into incorporating malicious code into their applications.

CAPEC-698: Install Malicious Extension

An adversary directly installs or tricks a user into installing a malicious extension into existing trusted software, with the goal of achieving a variety of negative technical impacts.

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