Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14839 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-5CPJ-XVXP-WVGM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-13 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in RoboSoft Robo Gallery allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Robo Gallery: from n/a through 3.2.9.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-45841"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T15:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in RoboSoft Robo Gallery allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Robo Gallery: from n/a through 3.2.9.",
  "id": "GHSA-5cpj-xvxp-wvgm",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:22Z",
  "published": "2024-12-13T15:30:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45841"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/robo-gallery/vulnerability/wordpress-robo-gallery-plugin-3-2-9-auth-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5CR3-M7XX-PV5V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 06:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 06:31
VLAI
Details

The LTL Freight Quotes – R+L Carriers Edition plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization via the plugin's webhook handler in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.13. This is due to missing authentication, authorization, and nonce verification on a standalone PHP file that directly processes GET parameters and updates WordPress options. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify the plugin's subscription plan settings, effectively downgrading the store from a paid plan to the Trial Plan, changing the store type, and manipulating subscription expiration dates, potentially disabling premium features such as Dropship and Hazardous Material handling.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-3646"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T05:16:06Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The LTL Freight Quotes \u2013 R+L Carriers Edition plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization via the plugin\u0027s webhook handler in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.13. This is due to missing authentication, authorization, and nonce verification on a standalone PHP file that directly processes GET parameters and updates WordPress options. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify the plugin\u0027s subscription plan settings, effectively downgrading the store from a paid plan to the Trial Plan, changing the store type, and manipulating subscription expiration dates, potentially disabling premium features such as Dropship and Hazardous Material handling.",
  "id": "GHSA-5cr3-m7xx-pv5v",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T06:31:27Z",
  "published": "2026-04-08T06:31:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3646"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition/tags/3.3.11/en-hit-to-update-plan.php#L32"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition/tags/3.3.11/en-hit-to-update-plan.php#L33"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition/tags/3.3.11/en-hit-to-update-plan.php#L40"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition/tags/3.3.11/en-hit-to-update-plan.php#L43"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition/tags/3.3.11/en-hit-to-update-plan.php#L46"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition/tags/3.3.11/en-hit-to-update-plan.php#L49"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition/trunk/en-hit-to-update-plan.php#L32"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition/trunk/en-hit-to-update-plan.php#L33"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition/trunk/en-hit-to-update-plan.php#L40"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition/trunk/en-hit-to-update-plan.php#L43"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition/trunk/en-hit-to-update-plan.php#L46"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition/trunk/en-hit-to-update-plan.php#L49"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3492361%40ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition\u0026new=3492361%40ltl-freight-quotes-rl-edition\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/a144c9ae-dfdb-4ea2-8c27-84d59439c72a?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5CR8-3M42-96M7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-18 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:12
VLAI
Details

The ProfileGrid plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'edit_group' handler in versions up to, and including, 5.5.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with group ownership, to update group options, including the 'associate_role' parameter, which defines the member's role. This issue was partially patched in version 5.5.2 preventing privilege escalation, however, it was fully patched in 5.5.3.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-3714"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-18T03:15:56Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The ProfileGrid plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027edit_group\u0027 handler in versions up to, and including, 5.5.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with group ownership, to update group options, including the \u0027associate_role\u0027 parameter, which defines the member\u0027s role. This issue was partially patched in version 5.5.2 preventing privilege escalation, however, it was fully patched in 5.5.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-5cr8-3m42-96m7",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:12:29Z",
  "published": "2023-07-18T03:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3714"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities/tags/5.4.8/public/partials/profile-magic-group.php#L80"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2938904/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities#file4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2939344/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities/trunk/public/partials/profile-magic-group.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/a4766651-92a6-42c9-81bc-7ea25350f561?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5CRX-H3H6-HRH8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-09 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in JoomSky JS Job Manager allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects JS Job Manager: from n/a through 2.0.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-28689"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-09T13:15:26Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in JoomSky JS Job Manager allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects JS Job Manager: from n/a through 2.0.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-5crx-h3h6-hrh8",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:17Z",
  "published": "2024-12-09T15:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28689"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/js-jobs/vulnerability/wordpress-js-job-manager-plugin-2-0-0-broken-access-control?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5CVJ-VCV7-3Q5C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-28 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:14
VLAI
Details

In multiple methods of DataUsageList.java, there is a possible way to learn about admin user's network activities due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-262741858

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-21173"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-28T18:15:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In multiple methods of DataUsageList.java, there is a possible way to learn about admin user\u0027s network activities due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-262741858",
  "id": "GHSA-5cvj-vcv7-3q5c",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T05:14:59Z",
  "published": "2023-06-28T18:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21173"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2023-06-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5CW8-3WJV-7MVQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 18:30
VLAI
Details

A missing authorization vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 5.0.0 through 5.0.1, FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8, FortiSandbox Cloud 5.0.2 through 5.0.5, FortiSandbox PaaS 23.4 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 23.3 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 23.1 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 22.2 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 22.1 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 21.4 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 21.3 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 5.0.0 through 5.0.1, FortiSandbox PaaS 4.4.5 through 4.4.8 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via HTTP requests.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-26083"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T18:16:39Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A missing authorization vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 5.0.0 through 5.0.1, FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8, FortiSandbox Cloud 5.0.2 through 5.0.5, FortiSandbox PaaS 23.4 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 23.3 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 23.1 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 22.2 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 22.1 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 21.4 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 21.3 all versions, FortiSandbox PaaS 5.0.0 through 5.0.1, FortiSandbox PaaS 4.4.5 through 4.4.8 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via HTTP requests.",
  "id": "GHSA-5cw8-3wjv-7mvq",
  "modified": "2026-05-12T18:30:40Z",
  "published": "2026-05-12T18:30:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26083"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-26-136"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5CXQ-J2M3-3VHJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-24 15:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Bit Apps Bit Assist bit-assist allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Bit Assist: from n/a through <= 1.5.11.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-68596"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-24T13:16:27Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Bit Apps Bit Assist bit-assist allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Bit Assist: from n/a through \u003c= 1.5.11.",
  "id": "GHSA-5cxq-j2m3-3vhj",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:41Z",
  "published": "2025-12-24T15:30:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68596"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/bit-assist/vulnerability/wordpress-bit-assist-plugin-1-5-11-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/bit-assist/vulnerability/wordpress-bit-assist-plugin-1-5-11-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5F3G-C8JF-RW88

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-18 12:30 – Updated: 2025-11-18 12:30
VLAI
Details

The Live sales notification for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in all versions up to, and including, 2.3.39. This is due to the "getOrders" function lacking proper authorization and capability checks when the plugin is configured to display recent order information. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to extract sensitive customer information including buyer first names, city, state, country, purchase time and date, and product details.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12955"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-18T10:15:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Live sales notification for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in all versions up to, and including, 2.3.39. This is due to the \"getOrders\" function lacking proper authorization and capability checks when the plugin is configured to display recent order information. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to extract sensitive customer information including buyer first names, city, state, country, purchase time and date, and product details.",
  "id": "GHSA-5f3g-c8jf-rw88",
  "modified": "2025-11-18T12:30:18Z",
  "published": "2025-11-18T12:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12955"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=3394241%40live-sales-notifications-for-woocommerce\u0026old=3389540%40live-sales-notifications-for-woocommerce\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/1cebcf16-ae7f-45c4-8e1d-80ede4c32106?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5F3G-P55X-J456

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-03-27 18:31
VLAI
Details

A Missing Authorization vulnerability in Trane Tracer SC, Tracer SC+, and Tracer Concierge could allow an unauthenticated attacker to access sensitive information through unprotected APIs.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28254"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-12T18:16:23Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A Missing Authorization vulnerability in Trane Tracer SC, Tracer SC+, and Tracer Concierge could allow an unauthenticated attacker to access sensitive information through unprotected APIs.",
  "id": "GHSA-5f3g-p55x-j456",
  "modified": "2026-03-27T18:31:22Z",
  "published": "2026-03-12T18:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28254"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-071-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5F49-479F-FFRV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-29 03:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in merkulove Audier For Elementor audier-elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Audier For Elementor: from n/a through <= 1.0.9.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66139"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T17:16:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in merkulove Audier For Elementor audier-elementor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Audier For Elementor: from n/a through \u003c= 1.0.9.",
  "id": "GHSA-5f49-479f-ffrv",
  "modified": "2026-01-29T03:31:26Z",
  "published": "2026-01-22T18:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66139"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/audier-elementor/vulnerability/wordpress-audier-for-elementor-plugin-1-0-9-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.