Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14927 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-475C-P6QV-5Q4V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-04 12:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 18:30
VLAI
Details

In contacts service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service in contacts service with no additional execution privileges needed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-38678"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-04T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In contacts service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service in contacts service with no additional execution privileges needed.",
  "id": "GHSA-475c-p6qv-5q4v",
  "modified": "2023-01-10T18:30:29Z",
  "published": "2023-01-04T12:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38678"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1610118225591336001"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4766-X535-JW3R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-04 18:39 – Updated: 2025-11-17 21:38
VLAI
Summary
kgateway is missing xDS authorization
Details

Summary

The xDS interface in Kgateway versions 2.0.0 through 2.0.4 lacks authentication, allowing any client with unrestricted network access to the xDS port to retrieve potentially sensitive configuration data including certificate data, backend service information, routing rules, and cluster metadata.

Description

Impact

Kgateway xDS interface did not have authorization, so anonymous clients with unrestricted network access could gain access to the xDS data. This could expose sensitive information about your gateway configuration, certificate data, backend services, and routing topology to unauthorized parties.

Patches

Upgrade to version 2.0.5 or 2.1.0. These versions enable JWT-based authentication for the xDS interface by default, ensuring that only authenticated clients can access the xDS configuration data.

Workarounds

If immediate upgrade is not possible, NetworkPolicies can be used to block access to kgateway's xDS port, restricting network access to only trusted sources.

References

  • Fix in 2.1.0: https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/pull/12471
  • Backport to 2.0.5: https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/pull/12535
  • Related issue: https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/issues/10651

Credits

Kindly reported by @rikatz

For More Information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please reach out in slack https://cloud-native.slack.com/archives/C080D3PJMS4

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.1.0-agw-cel-rbac"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-64323"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-04T18:39:31Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-07T04:15:47Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe xDS interface in Kgateway versions 2.0.0 through 2.0.4 lacks authentication, allowing any client with unrestricted network access to the xDS port to retrieve potentially sensitive configuration data including certificate data, backend service information, routing rules, and cluster metadata.\n\n## Description\n\n### Impact\n\nKgateway xDS interface did not have authorization, so anonymous clients with unrestricted network access could gain access to the xDS data. This could expose sensitive information about your gateway configuration, certificate data, backend services, and routing topology to unauthorized parties.\n\n### Patches\n\nUpgrade to version 2.0.5 or 2.1.0. These versions enable JWT-based authentication for the xDS interface by default, ensuring that only authenticated clients can access the xDS configuration data.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf immediate upgrade is not possible, NetworkPolicies can be used to block access to kgateway\u0027s xDS port, restricting network access to only trusted sources.\n\n## References\n\n- Fix in 2.1.0: https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/pull/12471\n- Backport to 2.0.5: https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/pull/12535\n- Related issue: https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/issues/10651\n\n## Credits\n\nKindly reported by @rikatz\n\n## For More Information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please reach out in slack https://cloud-native.slack.com/archives/C080D3PJMS4",
  "id": "GHSA-4766-x535-jw3r",
  "modified": "2025-11-17T21:38:28Z",
  "published": "2025-11-04T18:39:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/security/advisories/GHSA-4766-x535-jw3r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64323"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/issues/10651"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/pull/12471"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway/pull/12535"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/kgateway-dev/kgateway"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "kgateway is missing xDS authorization"
}

GHSA-476H-737F-MC4W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-13 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in MailMunch MailChimp Forms by MailMunch allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects MailChimp Forms by MailMunch: from n/a through 3.1.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-40203"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T15:15:21Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in MailMunch MailChimp Forms by MailMunch allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects MailChimp Forms by MailMunch: from n/a through 3.1.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-476h-737f-mc4w",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:25Z",
  "published": "2024-12-13T15:30:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40203"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/mailchimp-forms-by-mailmunch/vulnerability/wordpress-mailchimp-forms-by-mailmunch-plugin-3-1-4-broken-access-control?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4772-PJCP-2XFR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-13 03:32 – Updated: 2026-01-13 03:32
VLAI
Details

Due to missing authorization check in the SAP ERP Central Component (SAP ECC) and SAP S/4HANA (SAP EHS Management), an attacker could extract hardcoded clear-text credentials and bypass the password authentication check by manipulating user parameters. Upon successful exploitation, the attacker can access, modify or delete certain change pointer information within EHS objects in the application which might further affect the subsequent systems. This vulnerability leads to a low impact on confidentiality and integrity of the application with no affect on the availability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-0503"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-13T02:15:52Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Due to missing authorization check in the SAP ERP Central Component (SAP ECC) and SAP S/4HANA (SAP EHS Management), an attacker could extract hardcoded clear-text credentials and bypass the password authentication check by manipulating user parameters. Upon successful exploitation, the attacker can access, modify or delete certain change pointer information within EHS objects in the application which might further affect the subsequent systems. This vulnerability leads to a low impact on confidentiality and integrity of the application with no affect on the availability.",
  "id": "GHSA-4772-pjcp-2xfr",
  "modified": "2026-01-13T03:32:09Z",
  "published": "2026-01-13T03:32:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0503"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3681523"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4785-6QPQ-MXRV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-22 03:30 – Updated: 2025-03-27 03:33
VLAI
Details

The Motors – Car Dealer, Classifieds & Listing plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability checks on the motors_create_template and motors_delete_template functions in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.57. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary posts or create listing templates. This issue requires Elementor plugin to be installed, which is a required plugin for Motors Starter Theme.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-13737"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-22T03:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Motors \u2013 Car Dealer, Classifieds \u0026 Listing plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability checks on the motors_create_template and motors_delete_template functions in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.57. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary posts or create listing templates. This issue requires Elementor plugin to be installed, which is a required plugin for Motors Starter Theme.",
  "id": "GHSA-4785-6qpq-mxrv",
  "modified": "2025-03-27T03:33:34Z",
  "published": "2025-03-22T03:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13737"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/motors-car-dealership-classified-listings/tags/1.4.52/includes/class/Features/Elementor/Nuxy/TemplateManager.php#L149"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/motors-car-dealership-classified-listings/tags/1.4.52/includes/class/Features/Elementor/Nuxy/TemplateManager.php#L191"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3250931/motors-car-dealership-classified-listings/trunk/includes/class/Features/Elementor/Nuxy/TemplateManager.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/04fd2d7a-fa75-4b9d-9514-5c24ca5ebc22?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-47G6-47GX-6MW7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-17 09:30 – Updated: 2025-12-17 09:30
VLAI
Details

The Converter for Media – Optimize images | Convert WebP & AVIF plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the /webp-converter/v1/regenerate-attachment REST endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 6.3.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete optimized WebP/AVIF variants for arbitrary attachments.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-13750"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-17T07:15:58Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Converter for Media \u2013 Optimize images | Convert WebP \u0026 AVIF plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the `/webp-converter/v1/regenerate-attachment` REST endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 6.3.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete optimized WebP/AVIF variants for arbitrary attachments.",
  "id": "GHSA-47g6-47gx-6mw7",
  "modified": "2025-12-17T09:30:26Z",
  "published": "2025-12-17T09:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13750"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3414745/webp-converter-for-media"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/9a31190f-e2ed-46ee-a224-85a0a003738d?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-47G9-GPGW-3PQ5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-05 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:32
VLAI
Details

The Gutenberg Blocks and Page Layouts – Attire Blocks plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the disable_fe_assets function in all versions up to, and including, 1.9.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber access or above, to change the plugin's settings. Additionally, no nonce check is performed resulting in a CSRF vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-4088"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-05T07:15:45Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Gutenberg Blocks and Page Layouts \u2013 Attire Blocks plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the disable_fe_assets function in all versions up to, and including, 1.9.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber access or above, to change the plugin\u0027s settings. Additionally, no nonce check is performed resulting in a CSRF vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-47g9-gpgw-3pq5",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T21:32:43Z",
  "published": "2024-06-05T09:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4088"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3085600/attire-blocks/trunk/admin/AttireBlocksSettings.php?old=2996841\u0026old_path=attire-blocks%2Ftrunk%2Fadmin%2FAttireBlocksSettings.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ef47feb7-76fd-470d-ba48-55ba3c323c6d?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-47GW-647H-MRP4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-12 18:31 – Updated: 2025-02-12 18:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in pihome-shc PiHome 2.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /user_accounts.php?uid of the component Role-Based Access Control. The manipulation leads to missing authorization. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-1214"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-12T18:15:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in pihome-shc PiHome 2.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /user_accounts.php?uid of the component Role-Based Access Control. The manipulation leads to missing authorization. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
  "id": "GHSA-47gw-647h-mrp4",
  "modified": "2025-02-12T18:31:36Z",
  "published": "2025-02-12T18:31:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1214"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/janssensjelle/published-pocs/blob/main/pihomehvac-improper-access-control.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.295173"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.295173"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.497533"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-47JH-4RFJ-2MWQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in SlicedInvoices Sliced Invoices. This issue affects Sliced Invoices: from n/a through 3.9.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-31628"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-01T21:15:51Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in SlicedInvoices Sliced Invoices. This issue affects Sliced Invoices: from n/a through 3.9.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-47jh-4rfj-2mwq",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:27Z",
  "published": "2025-04-01T21:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31628"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/sliced-invoices/vulnerability/wordpress-sliced-invoices-plugin-3-9-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-47MH-5WHC-8J72

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-26 21:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Devteam HaywoodTech Product Rearrange for WooCommerce products-rearrange-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Product Rearrange for WooCommerce: from n/a through <= 1.2.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-31921"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T17:16:58Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Devteam HaywoodTech Product Rearrange for WooCommerce products-rearrange-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Product Rearrange for WooCommerce: from n/a through \u003c= 1.2.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-47mh-5whc-8j72",
  "modified": "2026-03-26T21:31:25Z",
  "published": "2026-03-25T18:31:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31921"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/products-rearrange-woocommerce/vulnerability/wordpress-product-rearrange-for-woocommerce-plugin-1-2-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.