Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14806 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-RHVP-2MFR-9VX7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:30
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Funlus Oy WPLifeCycle free-php-version-info allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects WPLifeCycle: from n/a through <= 3.3.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32363"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-13T19:54:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Funlus Oy WPLifeCycle free-php-version-info allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects WPLifeCycle: from n/a through \u003c= 3.3.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-rhvp-2mfr-9vx7",
  "modified": "2026-03-16T15:30:35Z",
  "published": "2026-03-13T21:31:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32363"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/free-php-version-info/vulnerability/wordpress-wplifecycle-plugin-3-3-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RHVW-CJQG-5FXJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-21 00:00
VLAI
Details

An unauthenticated user can use functions of XML Data Archiving Service of SAP NetWeaver Application Server for Java - version 7.50, to which access should be restricted. This may result in an escalation of privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-27669"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-12T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An unauthenticated user can use functions of XML Data Archiving Service of SAP NetWeaver Application Server for Java - version 7.50, to which access should be restricted. This may result in an escalation of privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-rhvw-cjqg-5fxj",
  "modified": "2022-04-21T00:00:52Z",
  "published": "2022-04-13T00:00:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27669"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3152442"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RHW9-GC5M-772M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-27 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in ZealousWeb Abandoned Contact Form 7 allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Abandoned Contact Form 7: from n/a through 2.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-52817"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-27T12:15:43Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in ZealousWeb Abandoned Contact Form 7 allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Abandoned Contact Form 7: from n/a through 2.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-rhw9-gc5m-772m",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:35Z",
  "published": "2025-06-27T12:31:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52817"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/abandoned-contact-form-7/vulnerability/wordpress-abandoned-contact-form-7-2-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RHX9-6RG8-W63Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-16 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32
VLAI
Details

The Ultimate Gift Cards for WooCommerce – Create, Redeem & Manage Digital Gift Certificates with Personalized Templates plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.6 via the wps_wgm_preview_email_template(). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read password protected and draft posts that may contain sensitive data.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-1857"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-16T09:15:06Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Ultimate Gift Cards for WooCommerce \u2013 Create, Redeem \u0026 Manage Digital Gift Certificates with Personalized Templates plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.6 via the wps_wgm_preview_email_template(). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read password protected and draft posts that may contain sensitive data.",
  "id": "GHSA-rhx9-6rg8-w63q",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:47Z",
  "published": "2024-03-16T09:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1857"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3046745%40woo-gift-cards-lite\u0026new=3046745%40woo-gift-cards-lite\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/2b0d0c44-0ee8-400b-a4ea-e5520c2a6710?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RHXJ-9R87-4XRM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-04 06:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 06:31
VLAI
Details

The Ai Auto Tool Content Writing Assistant (Gemini Writer, ChatGPT ) All in One plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the save_post_data() function in versions 2.0.7 to 2.2.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to create and publish arbitrary posts.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12156"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-04T05:16:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Ai Auto Tool Content Writing Assistant (Gemini Writer, ChatGPT ) All in One plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the save_post_data() function in versions 2.0.7 to 2.2.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to create and publish arbitrary posts.",
  "id": "GHSA-rhxj-9r87-4xrm",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T06:31:12Z",
  "published": "2025-11-04T06:31:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12156"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/ai-auto-tool"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/7bcfb35d-6d86-4481-be97-58c2c410e0cd?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RHXQ-26GM-P3GP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-24 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-24 09:30
VLAI
Details

The HubSpot All-In-One Marketing - Forms, Popups, Live Chat plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 11.3.32 via the leadin/public/admin/class-adminconstants.php file. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to extract a list of all installed plugins and their versions which can be leveraged for reconnaissance and further attacks.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-11762"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-24T08:16:29Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The HubSpot All-In-One Marketing - Forms, Popups, Live Chat plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 11.3.32 via the leadin/public/admin/class-adminconstants.php file. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to extract a list of all installed plugins and their versions which can be leveraged for reconnaissance and further attacks.",
  "id": "GHSA-rhxq-26gm-p3gp",
  "modified": "2026-04-24T09:30:30Z",
  "published": "2026-04-24T09:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11762"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/leadin/tags/11.3.33/public/admin/class-adminconstants.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://research.cleantalk.org/CVE-2025-11762"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/2a8c62e6-f459-433a-b0c4-c79285ea7fe9?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RJ2P-J66C-MGQH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 22:01 – Updated: 2026-05-08 19:32
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Browser tabs action select and close routes bypassed SSRF policy
Details

Summary

Browser tabs action select and close routes bypassed SSRF policy.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw
  • Ecosystem: npm
  • Affected versions: < 2026.4.10
  • Patched versions: >= 2026.4.10

Impact

The browser /tabs/action select and close branches could operate on targets without enforcing configured browser SSRF policy, weakening tab-level navigation protections.

Technical Details

The fix enforces browser SSRF policy in the select and close tab-action branches.

Fix

The issue was fixed in #63332. The first stable tag containing the fix is v2026.4.10, and openclaw@2026.4.14 includes the fix.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 48c0347921b7e9438af0312968fc360ca88023f3
  • PR: #63332

Release Process Note

Users should upgrade to openclaw 2026.4.10 or newer. The latest npm release, 2026.4.14, already includes the fix.

Credits

Thanks to @tdjackey for reporting this issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.4.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42439"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862",
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-17T22:01:57Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-05T12:16:18Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nBrowser tabs action select and close routes bypassed SSRF policy.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw`\n- Ecosystem: npm\n- Affected versions: `\u003c 2026.4.10`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.4.10`\n\n## Impact\n\nThe browser `/tabs/action` select and close branches could operate on targets without enforcing configured browser SSRF policy, weakening tab-level navigation protections.\n\n## Technical Details\n\nThe fix enforces browser SSRF policy in the select and close tab-action branches.\n\n## Fix\n\nThe issue was fixed in #63332. The first stable tag containing the fix is `v2026.4.10`, and `openclaw@2026.4.14` includes the fix.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `48c0347921b7e9438af0312968fc360ca88023f3`\n- PR: #63332\n\n## Release Process Note\n\nUsers should upgrade to `openclaw` 2026.4.10 or newer. The latest npm release, `2026.4.14`, already includes the fix.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks to @tdjackey for reporting this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-rj2p-j66c-mgqh",
  "modified": "2026-05-08T19:32:59Z",
  "published": "2026-04-17T22:01:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-rj2p-j66c-mgqh"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42439"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/pull/63332"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/48c03479211799ec3c1305ad69037cea25ba0e1e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/48c0347921b7e9438af0312968fc360ca88023f3"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-ssrf-policy-bypass-in-browser-tabs-action-routes"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Browser tabs action select and close routes bypassed SSRF policy"
}

GHSA-RJ4G-W683-5GQ4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-18 06:30 – Updated: 2026-02-18 06:30
VLAI
Details

The EmailKit – Email Customizer for WooCommerce & WP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized data modification due to a missing capability check on the 'update_template_data' function in all versions up to, and including, 1.6.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to modify the title of any post on the site, including posts, pages, and custom post types.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-1925"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-18T05:16:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The EmailKit \u2013 Email Customizer for WooCommerce \u0026 WP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized data modification due to a missing capability check on the \u0027update_template_data\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 1.6.2. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to modify the title of any post on the site, including posts, pages, and custom post types.",
  "id": "GHSA-rj4g-w683-5gq4",
  "modified": "2026-02-18T06:30:19Z",
  "published": "2026-02-18T06:30:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1925"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/emailkit/tags/1.6.2/includes/Admin/EmailKitAjax.php#L150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/emailkit/trunk/includes/Admin/EmailKitAjax.php#L150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3456972/emailkit/trunk?contextall=1\u0026old=3419280\u0026old_path=%2Femailkit%2Ftrunk#file1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f131ea1e-d652-4854-abea-6a307ca8118f?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RJ5P-XWJF-QW97

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-21 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-21 21:32
VLAI
Details

Taiga 6.10.1 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to disclose the full member roster and internal workflow configuration of any private project by supplying a project ID to the filters_data API endpoints on UserStory, Task, Issue, and Epic viewsets. Attackers can send unauthenticated GET requests to the filters_data endpoints with sequential integer project IDs to enumerate private project membership details including user IDs, full names, and gravatar hashes, bypassing the access controls that correctly restrict other project API endpoints.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-65055"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T21:16:54Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Taiga 6.10.1 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to disclose the full member roster and internal workflow configuration of any private project by supplying a project ID to the filters_data API endpoints on UserStory, Task, Issue, and Epic viewsets. Attackers can send unauthenticated GET requests to the filters_data endpoints with sequential integer project IDs to enumerate private project membership details including user IDs, full names, and gravatar hashes, bypassing the access controls that correctly restrict other project API endpoints.",
  "id": "GHSA-rj5p-xwjf-qw97",
  "modified": "2026-07-21T21:32:43Z",
  "published": "2026-07-21T21:32:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65055"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/taigaio/taiga-back/issues/246"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/taigaio/taiga-back"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/taiga-taiga-back-private-project-member-roster-disclosure-via-unauthenticated-filters-data-endpoints"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RJ5W-QVM9-38MQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-30 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in SiteLock SiteLock Security allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects SiteLock Security: from n/a through 5.0.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-62128"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-30T17:15:42Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in SiteLock SiteLock Security allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects SiteLock Security: from n/a through 5.0.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-rj5w-qvm9-38mq",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:25Z",
  "published": "2025-12-30T18:30:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62128"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/sitelock/vulnerability/wordpress-sitelock-security-plugin-5-0-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/sitelock/vulnerability/wordpress-sitelock-security-plugin-5-0-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.