Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14837 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-C82G-962C-CX6H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-07 03:30 – Updated: 2023-12-07 03:30
VLAI
Details

The System Dashboard plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the sd_constants() function hooked via an AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 2.8.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to retrieve sensitive information such as database credentials.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-5710"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-07T02:15:06Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The System Dashboard plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the sd_constants() function hooked via an AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 2.8.7. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to retrieve sensitive information such as database credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-c82g-962c-cx6h",
  "modified": "2023-12-07T03:30:32Z",
  "published": "2023-12-07T03:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5710"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/system-dashboard/tags/2.8.7/admin/class-system-dashboard-admin.php#L7930"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/system-dashboard/tags/2.8.8/admin/class-system-dashboard-admin.php#L7951"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f170379e-e833-42e0-96fd-1e1722a8331c?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C837-XXWH-86C9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:15 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32
VLAI
Details

The WP GDPR plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check in versions up to, and including, 2.1.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete any comment and modify the plugin’s settings.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-36697"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-07T02:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WP GDPR plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check in versions up to, and including, 2.1.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete any comment and modify the plugin\u2019s settings.",
  "id": "GHSA-c837-xxwh-86c9",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:07Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T21:15:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36697"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/unauthenticated-stored-xss-and-content-spoofing-vulnerabilities-in-wordpress-wp-gdpr-plugin-unpatched"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.acunetix.com/vulnerabilities/web/wordpress-plugin-wp-gdpr-multiple-vulnerabilities-2-1-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/032e775a-97be-4d93-bac3-094e35be4b11?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C83X-948P-83GH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-22 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-22 06:30
VLAI
Details

The a+HRD developed by aEnrich has a Missing Authorization vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to arbitrarily read database contents through a specific API method.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-6834"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-22T04:16:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The a+HRD developed by aEnrich has a Missing Authorization vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to arbitrarily read database contents through a specific API method.",
  "id": "GHSA-c83x-948p-83gh",
  "modified": "2026-04-22T06:30:29Z",
  "published": "2026-04-22T06:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6834"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10834-eb3ee-2.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10833-e3a53-1.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C859-GH8G-FHP8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-30 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33
VLAI
Details

The Safe Ai Malware Protection for WP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the export_db() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.17. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to retrieve a complete dump of the site's database.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-12269"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-30T14:15:31Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Safe Ai Malware Protection for WP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the export_db() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.17. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to retrieve a complete dump of the site\u0027s database.",
  "id": "GHSA-c859-gh8g-fhp8",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:47Z",
  "published": "2025-01-30T15:31:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12269"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/safe-ai-malware-protection-for-wp/trunk/includes/class-mvsp-export-db.php#L7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3232957%40safe-ai-malware-protection-for-wp\u0026new=3232957%40safe-ai-malware-protection-for-wp\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5247bf43-ae02-47cb-825e-23821b78eba9?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C869-JX4C-Q5FC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-10 00:28 – Updated: 2026-02-10 02:56
VLAI
Summary
FUXA Unauthenticated Remote Arbitrary Scheduler Write
Details

Summary

An authorization bypass vulnerability in the FUXA allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to create and modify arbitrary schedulers, exposing connected ICS/SCADA environments to follow-on actions. This vulnerability affects FUXA version 1.2.8 through version 1.2.10. This has been patched in FUXA version 1.2.11.

Impact

This affects all deployments, including those with runtime.settings.secureEnabled set to true.

Exploitation allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to automatically authenticate as guest and create, modify or delete schedules. These schedules can be configured to trigger immediately or cyclically, forcing connected devices to specific states or values, or executing existing scripts on the server.

Patches

This issue has been patched in FUXA version 1.2.11. Users are strongly encouraged to update to the latest available release.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "fuxa-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.2.8"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-25939"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-10T00:28:28Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-09T23:16:06Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nAn authorization bypass vulnerability in the FUXA allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to create and modify arbitrary schedulers, exposing connected ICS/SCADA environments to follow-on actions. This vulnerability affects FUXA version 1.2.8 through version 1.2.10. This has been patched in FUXA version 1.2.11.\n\n### Impact\nThis affects all deployments, including those with\u00a0`runtime.settings.secureEnabled`\u00a0set to\u00a0`true`.\n\nExploitation allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to automatically authenticate as guest and create, modify or delete schedules. These schedules can be configured to trigger immediately or cyclically, forcing connected devices to specific states or values, or executing existing scripts on the server.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue has been patched in FUXA version 1.2.11. Users are strongly encouraged to update to the latest available release.",
  "id": "GHSA-c869-jx4c-q5fc",
  "modified": "2026-02-10T02:56:59Z",
  "published": "2026-02-10T00:28:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA/security/advisories/GHSA-c869-jx4c-q5fc"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25939"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA/pull/2174"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA/commit/5782b35117a9bd14ffcb881f8dfb8c6680157d9b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA/commit/aced6ad0b6089eea4e5cef51c0a88bf4f308d45f"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA/releases/tag/v1.2.11"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "FUXA Unauthenticated Remote Arbitrary Scheduler Write"
}

GHSA-C86F-9GRV-PMQF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-06 00:00 – Updated: 2024-11-21 21:06
VLAI
Summary
Apache IoTDB grafana-connector contains an interface without authorization
Details

Apache IoTDB grafana-connector version 0.13.0 contains an interface without authorization, which may expose the internal structure of a database. Users should upgrade to version 0.13.1, which addresses this issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.iotdb:iotdb-grafana-connector"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.13.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-38370"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-15T03:31:34Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-09-05T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Apache IoTDB grafana-connector version 0.13.0 contains an interface without authorization, which may expose the internal structure of a database. Users should upgrade to version 0.13.1, which addresses this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-c86f-9grv-pmqf",
  "modified": "2024-11-21T21:06:05Z",
  "published": "2022-09-06T00:00:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38370"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/iotdb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/apache-iotdb/PYSEC-2022-43070.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/kcpqgstvgf8sxy9ktxm1836nlwc8xy3j"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/09/05/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache IoTDB grafana-connector contains an interface without authorization"
}

GHSA-C876-W45Q-72X4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-09 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in BAKKBONE Australia FloristPress.This issue affects FloristPress: from n/a through 7.3.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-53798"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-09T13:15:40Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in BAKKBONE Australia FloristPress.This issue affects FloristPress: from n/a through 7.3.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-c876-w45q-72x4",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:42Z",
  "published": "2024-12-09T15:31:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53798"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/bakkbone-florist-companion/vulnerability/wordpress-floristpress-plugin-7-3-0-nonce-leakage-to-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C879-9R2P-425R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-26 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-26 15:32
VLAI
Details

Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in SiteGround Email Marketing <= 1.7.5 versions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24547"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-26T15:16:37Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Unauthenticated Broken Access Control in SiteGround Email Marketing \u003c= 1.7.5 versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-c879-9r2p-425r",
  "modified": "2026-06-26T15:32:14Z",
  "published": "2026-06-26T15:32:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24547"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/siteground-email-marketing/vulnerability/wordpress-siteground-email-marketing-plugin-1-7-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C87P-8PFM-29PF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:02
VLAI
Details

In messaging service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-30920"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T09:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In messaging service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed.",
  "id": "GHSA-c87p-8pfm-29pf",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:02:28Z",
  "published": "2023-07-12T09:30:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30920"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1676902764208259073"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C883-VC4M-3VC9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-30 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-30 18:31
VLAI
Details

OpenZiti through 2.0.0, fixed in commit 3027fdf, contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows authenticated non-admin identities with fine-grained enrollment management permissions to create enrollments for any identity, including the default administrator, because the ApplyCreate function in controller/model/enrollment_manager.go verifies only that the target identity exists without performing authorization checks binding the caller to the target identity. Attackers can redeem the resulting one-time token through the unauthenticated client API enrollment endpoint to obtain a client certificate authenticating as the targeted admin identity, yielding full administrative control of the controller and the zero-trust overlay it manages.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-58165"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T17:16:23Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "OpenZiti through 2.0.0, fixed in commit 3027fdf, contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows authenticated non-admin identities with fine-grained enrollment management permissions to create enrollments for any identity, including the default administrator, because the ApplyCreate function in controller/model/enrollment_manager.go verifies only that the target identity exists without performing authorization checks binding the caller to the target identity. Attackers can redeem the resulting one-time token through the unauthenticated client API enrollment endpoint to obtain a client certificate authenticating as the targeted admin identity, yielding full administrative control of the controller and the zero-trust overlay it manages.",
  "id": "GHSA-c883-vc4m-3vc9",
  "modified": "2026-06-30T18:31:38Z",
  "published": "2026-06-30T18:31:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58165"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openziti/ziti/issues/4010"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openziti/ziti/pull/4013"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openziti/ziti/commit/3027fdffd3e57884487b7c46e5e669cfbc8becdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openziti-privilege-escalation-to-admin-via-unauthorized-enrollment-creation"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.