CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2176 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-29GH-89P4-FFQV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-02 21:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:46European Chemicals Agency IUCLID 6.x before 6.27.6 allows authentication bypass because a weak hard-coded secret is used for JWT signing. The affected versions are 5.15.0 through 6.27.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26089"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-02T20:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "European Chemicals Agency IUCLID 6.x before 6.27.6 allows authentication bypass because a weak hard-coded secret is used for JWT signing. The affected versions are 5.15.0 through 6.27.5.",
"id": "GHSA-29gh-89p4-ffqv",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:46:43Z",
"published": "2023-05-02T21:31:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://iuclid6.echa.europa.eu"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://iuclid6.echa.europa.eu/documents/1387205/1809530/note_v6.27.6.pdf/76545a65-e6be-6486-280a-7d7c3d2ad455?t=1677577170669"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://iuclid6.echa.europa.eu/download"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-29JF-57XJ-HXJ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-17 06:31 – Updated: 2025-10-17 06:31An Use of Hard-coded Credentials vulnerability has been identified in Moxa’s network security appliances and routers. The system employs a hard-coded secret key to sign JSON Web Tokens (JWT) used for authentication. This insecure implementation allows an unauthenticated attacker to forge valid tokens, thereby bypassing authentication controls and impersonating any user. Exploitation of this vulnerability can result in complete system compromise, enabling unauthorized access, data theft, and full administrative control over the affected device. While successful exploitation can severely impact the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected device itself, there is no loss of confidentiality or integrity within any subsequent systems.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6950"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-17T04:16:14Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An Use of Hard-coded Credentials vulnerability has been identified in Moxa\u2019s network security appliances and routers. The system employs a hard-coded secret key to sign JSON Web Tokens (JWT) used for authentication. This insecure implementation allows an unauthenticated attacker to forge valid tokens, thereby bypassing authentication controls and impersonating any user. Exploitation of this vulnerability can result in complete system compromise, enabling unauthorized access, data theft, and full administrative control over the affected device. While successful exploitation can severely impact the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected device itself, there is no loss of confidentiality or integrity within any subsequent systems.",
"id": "GHSA-29jf-57xj-hxj2",
"modified": "2025-10-17T06:31:10Z",
"published": "2025-10-17T06:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6950"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/security-advisory/mpsa-258121-cve-2025-6892,-cve-2025-6893,-cve-2025-6894,-cve-2025-6949,-cve-2025-6950-multiple-vulnerabilities-in-netwo"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-29RM-XC84-5Q8F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-13 12:31 – Updated: 2025-08-13 12:31This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve the hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints from the targeted device.
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the MQTT broker and manipulate the communications of the targeted device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54465"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-13T12:15:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve the hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints from the targeted device.\n\nSuccessful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the MQTT broker and manipulate the communications of the targeted device.",
"id": "GHSA-29rm-xc84-5q8f",
"modified": "2025-08-13T12:31:30Z",
"published": "2025-08-13T12:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54465"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cert-in.org.in/s2cMainServlet?pageid=PUBVLNOTES01\u0026VLCODE=CIVN-2025-0172"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zkteco.com/en/Security_Bulletinsibs/20"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2C63-X392-HX7W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-29 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-29 18:31IBM MaaS360 for Android 6.31 through 8.60 is using hard coded credentials that can be obtained by a user with physical access to the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-35118"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-29T16:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM MaaS360 for Android 6.31 through 8.60 is using hard coded credentials that can be obtained by a user with physical access to the device.",
"id": "GHSA-2c63-x392-hx7w",
"modified": "2024-08-29T18:31:35Z",
"published": "2024-08-29T18:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/290341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7166750"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2C74-2HH4-G45R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-23 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:18JINS MEME CORE Firmware version 2.2.0 and earlier uses a hard-coded cryptographic key, which may lead to data acquired by a sensor of the affected product being decrypted by a network-adjacent attacker.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-27921"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-23T02:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "JINS MEME CORE Firmware version 2.2.0 and earlier uses a hard-coded cryptographic key, which may lead to data acquired by a sensor of the affected product being decrypted by a network-adjacent attacker.",
"id": "GHSA-2c74-2hh4-g45r",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:18:23Z",
"published": "2023-05-23T03:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27921"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jinsmeme.com/media/2023-04-fwapp2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN13306058"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2C7J-2JP5-MX56
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:28 – Updated: 2022-05-24 22:28A CWE-798: Use of Hardcoded Credentials vulnerability exists in Modicon Controllers (All versions of the following CPUs and Communication Module product references listed in the Security Notifications), which could cause the disclosure of FTP hardcoded credentials when using the Web server of the controller on an unsecure network.Ê
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-6859"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-22T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A CWE-798: Use of Hardcoded Credentials vulnerability exists in Modicon Controllers (All versions of the following CPUs and Communication Module product references listed in the Security Notifications), which could cause the disclosure of FTP hardcoded credentials when using the Web server of the controller on an unsecure network.\u00ca",
"id": "GHSA-2c7j-2jp5-mx56",
"modified": "2022-05-24T22:28:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:28:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-6859"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/SEVD-2019-316-02"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2CJ7-P53M-R9V6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11Hardcoded .htaccess Credentials for getlogs.cgi exist on Altus Nexto, Nexto Xpress, and Hadron Xtorm devices. This affects Nexto NX3003 1.8.11.0, Nexto NX3004 1.8.11.0, Nexto NX3005 1.8.11.0, Nexto NX3010 1.8.3.0, Nexto NX3020 1.8.3.0, Nexto NX3030 1.8.3.0, Nexto NX5100 1.8.11.0, Nexto NX5101 1.8.11.0, Nexto NX5110 1.1.2.8, Nexto NX5210 1.1.2.8, Nexto Xpress XP300 1.8.11.0, Nexto Xpress XP315 1.8.11.0, Nexto Xpress XP325 1.8.11.0, Nexto Xpress XP340 1.8.11.0, and Hadron Xtorm HX3040 1.7.58.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-39245"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-23T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Hardcoded .htaccess Credentials for getlogs.cgi exist on Altus Nexto, Nexto Xpress, and Hadron Xtorm devices. This affects Nexto NX3003 1.8.11.0, Nexto NX3004 1.8.11.0, Nexto NX3005 1.8.11.0, Nexto NX3010 1.8.3.0, Nexto NX3020 1.8.3.0, Nexto NX3030 1.8.3.0, Nexto NX5100 1.8.11.0, Nexto NX5101 1.8.11.0, Nexto NX5110 1.1.2.8, Nexto NX5210 1.1.2.8, Nexto Xpress XP300 1.8.11.0, Nexto Xpress XP315 1.8.11.0, Nexto Xpress XP325 1.8.11.0, Nexto Xpress XP340 1.8.11.0, and Hadron Xtorm HX3040 1.7.58.0.",
"id": "GHSA-2cj7-p53m-r9v6",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39245"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Aug/21"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.altus.com.br"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2CX5-H47M-WHPF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-13 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-16 18:30The Akuvox E11 secure shell (SSH) server is enabled by default and can be accessed by the root user. This password cannot be changed by the user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0345"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-13T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Akuvox E11 secure shell (SSH) server is enabled by default and can be accessed by the root user. This password cannot be changed by the user.",
"id": "GHSA-2cx5-h47m-whpf",
"modified": "2023-03-16T18:30:28Z",
"published": "2023-03-13T21:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-23-068-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FG4-V4XR-H42M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:48 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:33** DISPUTED ** An Incorrect Password Management issue was discovered in SMA Solar Technology products. Default passwords exist that are rarely changed. User passwords will almost always be default. Installer passwords are expected to be default or similar across installations installed by the same company (but are sometimes changed). Hidden user accounts have (at least in some cases, though more research is required to test this for all hidden user accounts) a fixed password for all devices; it can never be changed by a user. Other vulnerabilities exist that allow an attacker to get the passwords of these hidden user accounts. NOTE: the vendor reports that it has no influence on the allocation of passwords, and that global hardcoded master passwords do not exist. Also, only Sunny Boy TLST-21 and TL-21 and Sunny Tripower TL-10 and TL-30 could potentially be affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9852"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-05T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "** DISPUTED ** An Incorrect Password Management issue was discovered in SMA Solar Technology products. Default passwords exist that are rarely changed. User passwords will almost always be default. Installer passwords are expected to be default or similar across installations installed by the same company (but are sometimes changed). Hidden user accounts have (at least in some cases, though more research is required to test this for all hidden user accounts) a fixed password for all devices; it can never be changed by a user. Other vulnerabilities exist that allow an attacker to get the passwords of these hidden user accounts. NOTE: the vendor reports that it has no influence on the allocation of passwords, and that global hardcoded master passwords do not exist. Also, only Sunny Boy TLST-21 and TL-21 and Sunny Tripower TL-10 and TL-30 could potentially be affected.",
"id": "GHSA-2fg4-v4xr-h42m",
"modified": "2024-03-21T03:33:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:48:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9852"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://horusscenario.com/CVE-information"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.sma.de/en/statement-on-cyber-security.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.sma.de/fileadmin/content/global/specials/documents/cyber-security/Whitepaper-Cyber-Security-AEN1732_07.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FJM-QC6M-8Q8H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-02 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:28Use of Hard-coded Password vulnerability in FTP function on Mitsubishi Electric Corporation MELSEC iQ-R Series EtherNet/IP module RJ71EIP91 and MELSEC iQ-F Series EtherNet/IP module FX5-ENET/IP allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to obtain a hard-coded password and access to the module via FTP.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2061"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-259",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-02T05:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Use of Hard-coded Password vulnerability in FTP function on Mitsubishi Electric Corporation MELSEC iQ-R Series EtherNet/IP module RJ71EIP91 and MELSEC iQ-F Series EtherNet/IP module FX5-ENET/IP allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to obtain a hard-coded password and access to the module via FTP.",
"id": "GHSA-2fjm-qc6m-8q8h",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:28:22Z",
"published": "2023-06-02T06:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/vu/JVNVU92908006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitsubishielectric.co.jp/psirt/vulnerability/pdf/2023-004.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.