CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2176 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2HH3-6MR4-7GQQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:06An issue was discovered in CommScope Ruckus IoT Controller 1.7.1.0 and earlier. There are Hard-coded System Passwords that provide shell access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33218"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-07T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in CommScope Ruckus IoT Controller 1.7.1.0 and earlier. There are Hard-coded System Passwords that provide shell access.",
"id": "GHSA-2hh3-6mr4-7gqq",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:06:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:06:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33218"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://korelogic.com/advisories.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/May/74"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2HH7-5899-HFPG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-05 18:31 – Updated: 2025-09-05 18:31ECOVACS robot vacuums and base stations communicate via an insecure Wi-Fi network with a deterministic WPA2-PSK, which can be easily derived.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30198"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-05T18:15:39Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "ECOVACS robot vacuums and base stations communicate via an insecure Wi-Fi network with a deterministic WPA2-PSK, which can be easily derived.",
"id": "GHSA-2hh7-5899-hfpg",
"modified": "2025-09-05T18:31:25Z",
"published": "2025-09-05T18:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30198"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2025/icsa-25-135-19.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-135-19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30198"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2J93-2WMQ-74FV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-25 00:33 – Updated: 2025-02-07 03:32SunGrow WiNet-SV200.001.00.P027 and earlier versions contains a hardcoded password that can be used to decrypt all firmware updates.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-50690"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-24T23:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SunGrow WiNet-SV200.001.00.P027 and earlier versions contains a hardcoded password that can be used to decrypt all firmware updates.",
"id": "GHSA-2j93-2wmq-74fv",
"modified": "2025-02-07T03:32:01Z",
"published": "2025-01-25T00:33:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50690"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://en.sungrowpower.com/security-notice-detail-2/5961"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2J9P-6P28-5XHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-04 15:31 – Updated: 2025-08-04 18:30Austrian Archaeological Institute (AI) OpenAtlas v8.11.0 as discovered to contain a hardcoded Administrator password.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-51536"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-04T15:15:32Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Austrian Archaeological Institute (AI) OpenAtlas v8.11.0 as discovered to contain a hardcoded Administrator password.",
"id": "GHSA-2j9p-6p28-5xhp",
"modified": "2025-08-04T18:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-08-04T15:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-51536"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sec4you-pentest.com/schwachstelle/openatlas-standard-adminkonto-mit-hartcodiertem-passwort"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sec4you-pentest.com/schwachstellen"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2JHJ-7G8H-J3H6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-01 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-08 00:00Honeywell ControlEdge through R151.1 uses Hard-coded Credentials. According to FSCT-2022-0056, there is a Honeywell ControlEdge hardcoded credentials issue. The affected components are characterized as: SSH. The potential impact is: Remote code execution, manipulate configuration, denial of service. The Honeywell ControlEdge PLC and RTU product line exposes an SSH service on port 22/TCP. Login as root to this service is permitted and credentials for the root user are hardcoded without automatically changing them upon first commissioning. The credentials for the SSH service are hardcoded in the firmware. The credentials grant an attacker access to a root shell on the PLC/RTU, allowing for remote code execution, configuration manipulation and denial of service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30318"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-31T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Honeywell ControlEdge through R151.1 uses Hard-coded Credentials. According to FSCT-2022-0056, there is a Honeywell ControlEdge hardcoded credentials issue. The affected components are characterized as: SSH. The potential impact is: Remote code execution, manipulate configuration, denial of service. The Honeywell ControlEdge PLC and RTU product line exposes an SSH service on port 22/TCP. Login as root to this service is permitted and credentials for the root user are hardcoded without automatically changing them upon first commissioning. The credentials for the SSH service are hardcoded in the firmware. The credentials grant an attacker access to a root shell on the PLC/RTU, allowing for remote code execution, configuration manipulation and denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-2jhj-7g8h-j3h6",
"modified": "2022-09-08T00:00:33Z",
"published": "2022-09-01T00:00:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30318"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-242-06"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.forescout.com/blog"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2JMG-WXP9-5QFC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-03 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:06All versions of NetMan 204 allow an attacker that knows the MAC and serial number of the device to reset the administrator password via the legitimate recovery function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-47891"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-03T12:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "All versions of NetMan 204 allow an attacker that knows the MAC and serial number of the device to reset the administrator password via the legitimate recovery function.",
"id": "GHSA-2jmg-wxp9-5qfc",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:06:33Z",
"published": "2023-10-03T12:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47891"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/incibe-cert/alerta-temprana/avisos-sci/multiples-vulnerabilidades-netman-204-riello-ups"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2JXW-QRXG-9398
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:48 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:02On Shenzhen Cylan Clever Dog Smart Camera DOG-2W and DOG-2W-V4 devices, an attacker on the network can login remotely to the camera and gain root access. The device ships with a hardcoded 12345678 password for the root account, accessible from a TELNET login prompt.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-12920"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-20T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "On Shenzhen Cylan Clever Dog Smart Camera DOG-2W and DOG-2W-V4 devices, an attacker on the network can login remotely to the camera and gain root access. The device ships with a hardcoded 12345678 password for the root account, accessible from a TELNET login prompt.",
"id": "GHSA-2jxw-qrxg-9398",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:02:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:48:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12920"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46993"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2M2C-428P-VRF4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:34 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:34Logitech Harmony Hub before version 4.15.206 contained two hard-coded accounts in the XMPP server that gave remote users access to the local API.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-15720"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-20T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Logitech Harmony Hub before version 4.15.206 contained two hard-coded accounts in the XMPP server that gave remote users access to the local API.",
"id": "GHSA-2m2c-428p-vrf4",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:34:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:34:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15720"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2018-47"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2M5G-P4H5-R9JP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-02 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:31Cosy+ devices running a firmware 21.x below 21.2s10 or a firmware 22.x below 22.1s3 use a unique key to encrypt the configuration parameters. This is fixed in version 21.2s10 and 22.1s3, the key is now unique per device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33895"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-02T18:16:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cosy+ devices running a firmware 21.x below 21.2s10 or a firmware 22.x below 22.1s3 use a unique key to encrypt the configuration parameters. This is fixed in version 21.2s10 and 22.1s3, the key is now unique per device.",
"id": "GHSA-2m5g-p4h5-r9jp",
"modified": "2025-11-04T18:31:15Z",
"published": "2024-08-02T18:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33895"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.syss.com/posts/hacking-a-secure-industrial-remote-access-gateway"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hmsnetworks.blob.core.windows.net/nlw/docs/default-source/products/cybersecurity/security-advisory/hms-security-advisory-2024-07-29-001--ewon-several-cosy--vulnerabilities.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ewon.biz/products/cosy/ewon-cosy-wifi"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/cyber-security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Aug/22"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2M95-FCM7-GQW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-29 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-17 18:31Ovarro TBox TWinSoft uses the custom hardcoded user “TWinSoft” with a hardcoded key.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22644"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-321",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-28T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Ovarro TBox TWinSoft uses the custom hardcoded user \u201cTWinSoft\u201d with a hardcoded key.",
"id": "GHSA-2m95-fcm7-gqw8",
"modified": "2025-04-17T18:31:01Z",
"published": "2022-07-29T00:00:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22644"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-21-054-04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.