Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-792

Allowed

Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product receives data from an upstream component, but does not completely filter one or more instances of special elements before sending it to a downstream component.

7 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-47779 (GCVE-0-2025-47779)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-22 16:54 – Updated: 2025-11-03 20:04
VLAI
Title
Using malformed From header can forge identity with ";" or NULL in name portion
Summary
Asterisk is an open-source private branch exchange (PBX). Prior to versions 18.26.2, 20.14.1, 21.9.1, and 22.4.1 of Asterisk and versions 18.9-cert14 and 20.7-cert5 of certified-asterisk, SIP requests of the type MESSAGE (RFC 3428) authentication do not get proper alignment. An authenticated attacker can spoof any user identity to send spam messages to the user with their authorization token. Abuse of this security issue allows authenticated attackers to send fake chat messages can be spoofed to appear to come from trusted entities. Even administrators who follow Security best practices and Security Considerations can be impacted. Therefore, abuse can lead to spam and enable social engineering, phishing and similar attacks. Versions 18.26.2, 20.14.1, 21.9.1, and 22.4.1 of Asterisk and versions 18.9-cert14 and 20.7-cert5 of certified-asterisk fix the issue.
Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-140 - Improper Neutralization of Delimiters
  • CWE-792 - Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
asterisk asterisk Affected: < 18.9-cert14
Affected: >= 18.10, < 18.26.2
Affected: >= 20.0, < 20.7-cert5
Affected: >= 20.8, < 20.14.1
Affected: >= 21.0, < 21.9.1
Affected: >= 22.0, < 22.4.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-25608 (GCVE-0-2023-25608)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-09-13 12:28 – Updated: 2024-09-24 20:00
VLAI
Summary
An incomplete filtering of one or more instances of special elements vulnerability [CWE-792] in the command line interpreter of FortiAP-W2 7.2.0 through 7.2.1, 7.0.3 through 7.0.5, 7.0.0 through 7.0.1, 6.4 all versions, 6.2 all versions, 6.0 all versions; FortiAP-C 5.4.0 through 5.4.4, 5.2 all versions; FortiAP 7.2.0 through 7.2.1, 7.0.0 through 7.0.5, 6.4 all versions, 6.0 all versions; FortiAP-U 7.0.0, 6.2.0 through 6.2.5, 6.0 all versions, 5.4 all versions may allow an authenticated attacker to read arbitrary files via specially crafted command arguments.
Severity
5.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:U/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fortinet FortiAP-W2 Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.1 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.3 , ≤ 7.0.5 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.1 (semver)
Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.9 (semver)
Affected: 6.2.0 , ≤ 6.2.6 (semver)
Affected: 6.0.0 , ≤ 6.0.6 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiAP-C Affected: 5.4.0 , ≤ 5.4.4 (semver)
Affected: 5.2.0 , ≤ 5.2.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiAP Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.1 (semver)
Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.5 (semver)
Affected: 6.4.3 , ≤ 6.4.9 (semver)
Affected: 6.0.0 , ≤ 6.0.6 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiAP-U Affected: 7.0.0
Affected: 6.2.0 , ≤ 6.2.5 (semver)
Affected: 6.0.0 , ≤ 6.0.4 (semver)
Affected: 5.4.3 , ≤ 5.4.6 (semver)
Affected: 5.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiAP-S Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.9 (semver)
Affected: 6.2.0 , ≤ 6.2.6 (semver)
Affected: 6.0.0 , ≤ 6.0.6 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-20057 (GCVE-0-2023-20057)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-19 01:32 – Updated: 2024-08-02 08:57
VLAI
Summary
A vulnerability in the URL filtering mechanism of Cisco AsyncOS Software for Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass the URL reputation filters on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper processing of URLs. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a URL in a particular way. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass the URL reputation filters that are configured for an affected device, which could allow malicious URLs to pass through the device.
Severity
0 (None)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-792 - Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-22297 (GCVE-0-2022-22297)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-07 16:04 – Updated: 2024-10-22 20:48
VLAI
Summary
An incomplete filtering of one or more instances of special elements vulnerability [CWE-792] in the command line interpreter of FortiWeb version 6.4.0 through 6.4.1, FortiWeb version 6.3.0 through 6.3.17, FortiWeb all versions 6.2, FortiWeb all versions 6.1, FortiWeb all versions 6.0, FortiRecorder version 6.4.0 through 6.4.3, FortiRecorder all versions 6.0, FortiRecorder all versions 2.7 may allow an authenticated user to read arbitrary files via specially crafted command arguments.
Severity
5.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:U/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Fortinet FortiRecorder Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.3 (semver)
Affected: 6.0.0 , ≤ 6.0.12 (semver)
Affected: 2.7.0 , ≤ 2.7.7 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiWeb Affected: 6.4.0 , ≤ 6.4.1 (semver)
Affected: 6.3.0 , ≤ 6.3.17 (semver)
Affected: 6.2.0 , ≤ 6.2.7 (semver)
Affected: 6.1.0 , ≤ 6.1.3 (semver)
Affected: 6.0.0 , ≤ 6.0.8 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
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    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T03:07:50.182Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
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        "references": [
          {
            "name": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-21-218",
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-21-218"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2022-22297",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-10-22T20:18:25.909669Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-10-22T20:48:26.477Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "FortiRecorder",
          "vendor": "Fortinet",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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            {
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.0.0",
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            },
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.4.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.3.17",
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              "version": "6.3.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.2.7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.2.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.1.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.0.8",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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      "descriptions": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "An incomplete filtering of one or more instances of special elements vulnerability [CWE-792] in the command line interpreter of FortiWeb version 6.4.0 through 6.4.1, FortiWeb version 6.3.0 through 6.3.17, FortiWeb all versions 6.2, FortiWeb all versions 6.1, FortiWeb all versions 6.0, FortiRecorder version 6.4.0 through 6.4.3, FortiRecorder all versions 6.0, FortiRecorder all versions 2.7 may allow an authenticated user to read arbitrary files via specially crafted command arguments."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 5.2,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:U/RC:C",
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        "orgId": "6abe59d8-c742-4dff-8ce8-9b0ca1073da8",
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          "url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-21-218"
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      "solutions": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Upgrade to FortiWeb version 7.0.0 or above,\r\nUpgrade to FortiWeb version 6.4.2 or above.\r\nUpgrade to FortiWeb version 6.3.18 or above.\r\nUpgrade to FortiRecorder version 7.0.0 or above\r\nUpgrade to FortiRecorder version 6.4.4 or above\n\u00a0"
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

GHSA-6M4G-JHP3-F6R4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-13 15:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:38
VLAI
Details

An incomplete filtering of one or more instances of special elements vulnerability [CWE-792] in the command line interpreter of FortiAP-W2 7.2.0 through 7.2.1, 7.0.3 through 7.0.5, 7.0.0 through 7.0.1, 6.4 all versions, 6.2 all versions, 6.0 all versions; FortiAP-C 5.4.0 through 5.4.4, 5.2 all versions; FortiAP 7.2.0 through 7.2.1, 7.0.0 through 7.0.5, 6.4 all versions, 6.0 all versions; FortiAP-U 7.0.0, 6.2.0 through 6.2.5, 6.0 all versions, 5.4 all versions may allow an authenticated attacker to read arbitrary files via specially crafted command arguments.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-25608"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-792"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-13T13:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An incomplete filtering of one or more instances of special elements vulnerability [CWE-792] in the command line interpreter of FortiAP-W2 7.2.0 through 7.2.1, 7.0.3 through 7.0.5, 7.0.0 through 7.0.1, 6.4 all versions, 6.2 all versions, 6.0 all versions; FortiAP-C 5.4.0 through 5.4.4, 5.2 all versions; FortiAP 7.2.0 through 7.2.1, 7.0.0 through 7.0.5, 6.4 all versions, 6.0 all versions; FortiAP-U 7.0.0, 6.2.0 through 6.2.5, 6.0 all versions, 5.4 all versions may allow an authenticated attacker to read arbitrary files via specially crafted command arguments.",
  "id": "GHSA-6m4g-jhp3-f6r4",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T07:38:59Z",
  "published": "2023-09-13T15:31:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25608"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-120"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-72VC-2HJP-VR3J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-20 09:30 – Updated: 2023-01-30 21:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the URL filtering mechanism of Cisco AsyncOS Software for Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass the URL reputation filters on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper processing of URLs. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a URL in a particular way. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass the URL reputation filters that are configured for an affected device, which could allow malicious URLs to pass through the device.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-20057"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-74",
      "CWE-792"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-20T07:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the URL filtering mechanism of Cisco AsyncOS Software for Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass the URL reputation filters on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to improper processing of URLs. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a URL in a particular way. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass the URL reputation filters that are configured for an affected device, which could allow malicious URLs to pass through the device.",
  "id": "GHSA-72vc-2hjp-vr3j",
  "modified": "2023-01-30T21:30:20Z",
  "published": "2023-01-20T09:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20057"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-esa-url-bypass-WbMQqNJh"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VGHF-HV5Q-VC2G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-27 06:31 – Updated: 2026-01-31 03:33
VLAI
Summary
Validator is Vulnerable to Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements
Details

Versions of the package validator before 13.15.22 are vulnerable to Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements in the isLength() function that does not take into account Unicode variation selectors (\uFE0F, \uFE0E) appearing in a sequence which lead to improper string length calculation. This can lead to an application using isLength for input validation accepting strings significantly longer than intended, resulting in issues like data truncation in databases, buffer overflows in other system components, or denial-of-service.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "validator"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "13.15.22"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-12758"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-172",
      "CWE-792"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-02T16:51:42Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-27T05:16:12Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Versions of the package validator before 13.15.22 are vulnerable to Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements in the isLength() function that does not take into account Unicode variation selectors (\\uFE0F, \\uFE0E) appearing in a sequence which lead to improper string length calculation. This can lead to an application using isLength for input validation accepting strings significantly longer than intended, resulting in issues like data truncation in databases, buffer overflows in other system components, or denial-of-service.",
  "id": "GHSA-vghf-hv5q-vc2g",
  "modified": "2026-01-31T03:33:13Z",
  "published": "2025-11-27T06:31:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12758"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/validatorjs/validator.js/pull/2616"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/validatorjs/validator.js/commit/d457ecaf55b0f3d8bd379d82757425d0d13dd382"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/koral--/ad31208b25b9e3d1e2e35f1d4d72572e"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/validatorjs/validator.js"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-VALIDATOR-13653476"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2026/Jan/27"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Validator is Vulnerable to Incomplete Filtering of One or More Instances of Special Elements"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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