Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15386 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6MQR-F9RH-MGGR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-28 00:00
VLAI
Details
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.5, watchOS 8.6, iOS 15.5 and iPadOS 15.5, macOS Monterey 12.4, Safari 15.5. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to code execution.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26700"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-23T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.5, watchOS 8.6, iOS 15.5 and iPadOS 15.5, macOS Monterey 12.4, Safari 15.5. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-6mqr-f9rh-mggr",
"modified": "2022-09-28T00:00:18Z",
"published": "2022-09-25T00:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26700"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213253"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213257"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213260"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6MRC-MHH5-MVX5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-14 12:00 – Updated: 2025-05-15 15:31
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 5.19.11. Attackers able to inject WLAN frames could cause a buffer overflow in the ieee80211_bss_info_update function in net/mac80211/scan.c.
Severity
8.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41674"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-14T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 5.19.11. Attackers able to inject WLAN frames could cause a buffer overflow in the ieee80211_bss_info_update function in net/mac80211/scan.c.",
"id": "GHSA-6mrc-mhh5-mvx5",
"modified": "2025-05-15T15:31:09Z",
"published": "2022-10-14T12:00:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41674"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1203770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/log/net/mac80211/scan.c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wireless/wireless.git/commit/?id=aebe9f4639b13a1f4e9a6b42cdd2e38c617b442d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/11/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/GGHENNMLCWIQV2LLA56BJNFIUZ7WB4IY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/S2KTU5LFZNQS7YNGE56MT46VHMXL3DD2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VNN3VFQPECS6D4PS6ZWD7AFXTOSJDSSR"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/GGHENNMLCWIQV2LLA56BJNFIUZ7WB4IY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/S2KTU5LFZNQS7YNGE56MT46VHMXL3DD2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VNN3VFQPECS6D4PS6ZWD7AFXTOSJDSSR"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5257"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/10/13/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/169951/Kernel-Live-Patch-Security-Notice-LSN-0090-1.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/10/13/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6MV6-JH7Q-F4XX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:07
VLAI
Details
XnView Classic 2.48 has a User Mode Write AV starting at xnview+0x000000000026b739.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-13084"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-30T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "XnView Classic 2.48 has a User Mode Write AV starting at xnview+0x000000000026b739.",
"id": "GHSA-6mv6-jh7q-f4xx",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:07:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13084"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apriorit/pentesting/blob/master/bugs/xnview/0x26b739.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6MV9-QCX2-3HH3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-11 00:55 – Updated: 2021-11-15 14:48
VLAI
Summary
Memory exhaustion in routinator
Details
NLnet Labs Routinator versions 0.9.0 up to and including 0.10.1, support the gzip transfer encoding when querying RRDP repositories. This encoding can be used by an RRDP repository to cause an out-of-memory crash in these versions of Routinator. RRDP uses XML which allows arbitrary amounts of white space in the encoded data. The gzip scheme compresses such white space extremely well, leading to very small compressed files that become huge when being decompressed for further processing, big enough that Routinator runs out of memory when parsing input data waiting for the next XML element.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "routinator"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.9.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.10.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-43174"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-11-10T19:04:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-09T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "NLnet Labs Routinator versions 0.9.0 up to and including 0.10.1, support the gzip transfer encoding when querying RRDP repositories. This encoding can be used by an RRDP repository to cause an out-of-memory crash in these versions of Routinator. RRDP uses XML which allows arbitrary amounts of white space in the encoded data. The gzip scheme compresses such white space extremely well, leading to very small compressed files that become huge when being decompressed for further processing, big enough that Routinator runs out of memory when parsing input data waiting for the next XML element.",
"id": "GHSA-6mv9-qcx2-3hh3",
"modified": "2021-11-15T14:48:03Z",
"published": "2021-11-11T00:55:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43174"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/NLnetLabs/routinator"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5041"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/routinator/CVE-2021-43172_CVE-2021-43173_CVE-2021-43174.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Memory exhaustion in routinator"
}
GHSA-6MVW-V46R-JQ8G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:56 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:56
VLAI
Details
Heap buffer overflow during TIFF image parsing in PDFium in Google Chrome prior to 55.0.2883.75 for Mac, Windows and Linux, and 55.0.2883.84 for Android allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted PDF file.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5210"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-19T05:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap buffer overflow during TIFF image parsing in PDFium in Google Chrome prior to 55.0.2883.75 for Mac, Windows and Linux, and 55.0.2883.84 for Android allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted PDF file.",
"id": "GHSA-6mvw-v46r-jq8g",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:56:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:56:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5210"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2016/12/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/654183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201612-11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2919.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94633"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6MW6-MJ76-GRWC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-05 19:43 – Updated: 2026-01-27 22:23
VLAI
Summary
gix-date can create non-utf8 string with `TimeBuf::as_str`
Details
The function gix_date::parse::TimeBuf::as_str can create an illegal string containing non-utf8 characters. This violates the safety invariant of TimeBuf and can lead to undefined behavior when consuming the string.
The bug can be prevented by adding str::from_utf8 to the function TimeBuf::write.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "gix-date"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0810"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-05T19:43:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The function `gix_date::parse::TimeBuf::as_str` can create an illegal string containing non-utf8 characters. This violates the safety invariant of `TimeBuf` and can lead to undefined behavior when consuming the string.\n\nThe bug can be prevented by adding `str::from_utf8` to the function `TimeBuf::write`.",
"id": "GHSA-6mw6-mj76-grwc",
"modified": "2026-01-27T22:23:11Z",
"published": "2026-01-05T19:43:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0810"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GitoxideLabs/gitoxide/issues/2305"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GitoxideLabs/gitoxide/pull/2306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GitoxideLabs/gitoxide/commit/76376ef5e97c63e108db0c9fe2eb096f4bfe70f7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-0810"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2427057"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/GitoxideLabs/gitoxide"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2025-0140.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "gix-date can create non-utf8 string with `TimeBuf::as_str`"
}
GHSA-6MWR-P34X-55CV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-16 03:32 – Updated: 2026-07-16 12:32
VLAI
Details
A flaw was found in QEMU. This vulnerability allows a local attacker within a guest virtual machine to write data beyond its allocated memory. This occurs when cpu_physical_memory_map() returns a shorter length than expected, leading to an out-of-bounds write. Successful exploitation could result in unauthorized access to guest memory or corruption of heap-allocated objects, potentially causing information disclosure, data integrity issues, or a denial of service.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3842"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-16T01:16:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in QEMU. This vulnerability allows a local attacker within a guest virtual machine to write data beyond its allocated memory. This occurs when cpu_physical_memory_map() returns a shorter length than expected, leading to an out-of-bounds write. Successful exploitation could result in unauthorized access to guest memory or corruption of heap-allocated objects, potentially causing information disclosure, data integrity issues, or a denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-6mwr-p34x-55cv",
"modified": "2026-07-16T12:32:28Z",
"published": "2026-07-16T03:32:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-3842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2458150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-3842.json"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6MWW-CH69-P82P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-28 00:01 – Updated: 2023-08-08 15:31
VLAI
Details
Jsish v3.5.0 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via Jsi_LogMsg at src/jsiUtils.c.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-46507"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-27T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jsish v3.5.0 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via Jsi_LogMsg at src/jsiUtils.c.",
"id": "GHSA-6mww-ch69-p82p",
"modified": "2023-08-08T15:31:37Z",
"published": "2022-01-28T00:01:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46507"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pcmacdon/jsish/issues/54"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6MX2-JH62-9J5H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-01 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-07 21:31
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390: avoid using global register for current_stack_pointer
Commit 30de14b1884b ("s390: current_stack_pointer shouldn't be a function") made current_stack_pointer a global register variable like on many other architectures. Unfortunately on s390 it uncovers old gcc bug which is fixed only since gcc-9.1 [gcc commit 3ad7fed1cc87 ("S/390: Fix PR89775. Stackpointer save/restore instructions removed")] and backported to gcc-8.4 and later. Due to this bug gcc versions prior to 8.4 generate broken code which leads to stack corruptions.
Current minimal gcc version required to build the kernel is declared as 5.1. It is not possible to fix all old gcc versions, so work around this problem by avoiding using global register variable for current_stack_pointer.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-49804"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-01T15:16:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ns390: avoid using global register for current_stack_pointer\n\nCommit 30de14b1884b (\"s390: current_stack_pointer shouldn\u0027t be a\nfunction\") made current_stack_pointer a global register variable like\non many other architectures. Unfortunately on s390 it uncovers old\ngcc bug which is fixed only since gcc-9.1 [gcc commit 3ad7fed1cc87\n(\"S/390: Fix PR89775. Stackpointer save/restore instructions removed\")]\nand backported to gcc-8.4 and later. Due to this bug gcc versions prior\nto 8.4 generate broken code which leads to stack corruptions.\n\nCurrent minimal gcc version required to build the kernel is declared\nas 5.1. It is not possible to fix all old gcc versions, so work\naround this problem by avoiding using global register variable for\ncurrent_stack_pointer.",
"id": "GHSA-6mx2-jh62-9j5h",
"modified": "2025-11-07T21:31:19Z",
"published": "2025-05-01T15:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-49804"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a478952a8ac44e32316dc046a063a7dc34825aa6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e3c11025bcd2142a61abe5806b2f86a0e78118df"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6MX4-P8P9-328J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:19 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:19
VLAI
Details
Multiple buffer overflows in the limited configuration shell (/sbin/gs_config) on Grandstream HT801 devices before 1.0.29 allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code as root via a crafted manage_if setting, thus bypassing the intended restrictions of this shell and taking full control of the device. There are default weak credentials that can be used to authenticate.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37748"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-28T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple buffer overflows in the limited configuration shell (/sbin/gs_config) on Grandstream HT801 devices before 1.0.29 allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code as root via a crafted manage_if setting, thus bypassing the intended restrictions of this shell and taking full control of the device. There are default weak credentials that can be used to authenticate.",
"id": "GHSA-6mx4-p8p9-328j",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:19:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:19:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SECFORCE/CVE-2021-37748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.secforce.com/blog/exploiting-grandstream-ht801-ata-cve-2021-37748-cve-2021-37915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.grandstream.com/products/gateways-and-atas/analog-telephone-adaptors/product/ht801"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.