Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15246 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4QHX-H7MH-942G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:04 – Updated: 2023-01-26 21:30
VLAI
Details
Unspecified vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player 21.0.0.242 and earlier, as used in the Adobe Flash libraries in Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 and Microsoft Edge, has unknown impact and attack vectors, a different vulnerability than other CVEs listed in MS16-083.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-4129"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-06-16T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player 21.0.0.242 and earlier, as used in the Adobe Flash libraries in Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 and 11 and Microsoft Edge, has unknown impact and attack vectors, a different vulnerability than other CVEs listed in MS16-083.",
"id": "GHSA-4qhx-h7mh-942g",
"modified": "2023-01-26T21:30:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:04:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:1238"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2016/ms16-083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/flash-player/apsb16-18.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00031.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00035.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00038.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036117"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QJR-88JV-2V52
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:55 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:55
VLAI
Details
Delta Electronics TPEditor, Versions 1.94 and prior. Multiple out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities may be exploited by processing specially crafted project files, which may allow remote code execution.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-13544"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-11T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Delta Electronics TPEditor, Versions 1.94 and prior. Multiple out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities may be exploited by processing specially crafted project files, which may allow remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-4qjr-88jv-2v52",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:55:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:55:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13544"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-19-253-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QM9-79GR-55JX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-11 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:36
VLAI
Details
In avdt_msg_asmbl of avdt_msg.cc, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an integer overflow. This could lead to paired device escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-35684"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-11T21:15:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In avdt_msg_asmbl of avdt_msg.cc, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an integer overflow. This could lead to paired device escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-4qm9-79gr-55jx",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:36:52Z",
"published": "2023-09-11T21:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35684"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Bluetooth/+/668bbca29797728004d88db4c9b69102f3939008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2023-09-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QP4-CCMR-483G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:02 – Updated: 2023-01-30 21:30
VLAI
Details
Out of bounds write in JavaScript in Google Chrome prior to 79.0.3945.79 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-13735"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-10T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Out of bounds write in JavaScript in Google Chrome prior to 79.0.3945.79 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-4qp4-ccmr-483g",
"modified": "2023-01-30T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:02:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:4238"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2019/12/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1025468"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2Z5M4FPUMDNX2LDPHJKN5ZV5GIS2AKNU"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/N5CIQCVS6E3ULJCNU7YJXJPO2BLQZDTK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2020/Jan/27"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-08"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00032.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00036.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QP5-QXPF-77VM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2026-07-05 00:31
VLAI
Details
A heab based buffer overflow issue exists in GNU LibreDWG 0.10.2641 via htmlescape ../../programs/escape.c:46.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-21816"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-17T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A heab based buffer overflow issue exists in GNU LibreDWG 0.10.2641 via htmlescape ../../programs/escape.c:46.",
"id": "GHSA-4qp5-qxpf-77vm",
"modified": "2026-07-05T00:31:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-21816"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LibreDWG/libredwg/issues/182#issuecomment-572890865"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://gnu.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QPC-HPHM-XPMC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-09 00:00 – Updated: 2025-08-12 12:30
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM ROS M2100 (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RMC8388 devices (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS416v2 (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS900G (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS900G (32M) (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2100 (32M) V5.X (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2100P (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2100P (32M) V5.X (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2288 V5.X (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2300 V5.X (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2300P V5.X (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2488 V5.X (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG900 V5.X (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG920P V5.X (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSL910 (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST2228 (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST916C (All versions < V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST916P (All versions < V5.6.0). Within a third-party component, whenever memory allocation is requested, the out of bound size is not checked. Therefore, if size exceeding the expected allocation is assigned, it could allocate a smaller buffer instead. If an attacker were to exploit this, they could cause a heap overflow.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42018"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-08T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM ROS M2100 (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RMC8388 devices (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS416v2 (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS900G (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RS900G (32M) (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2100 (32M) V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2100P (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2100P (32M) V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2288 V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2300 V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2300P V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2488 V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG900 V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG920P V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RSL910 (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST2228 (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST916C (All versions \u003c V5.6.0), RUGGEDCOM ROS RST916P (All versions \u003c V5.6.0). Within a third-party component, whenever memory allocation is requested, the out of bound size is not checked. Therefore, if size exceeding the expected allocation is assigned, it could allocate a smaller buffer instead. If an attacker were to exploit this, they could cause a heap overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-4qpc-hphm-xpmc",
"modified": "2025-08-12T12:30:31Z",
"published": "2022-03-09T00:00:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-256353.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-256353.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QQ8-W9WG-4QW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:19
VLAI
Details
The tjLoadImage function in libjpeg-turbo 2.0.1 has an integer overflow with a resultant heap-based buffer overflow via a BMP image because multiplication of pitch and height is mishandled, as demonstrated by tjbench.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-20330"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-21T09:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The tjLoadImage function in libjpeg-turbo 2.0.1 has an integer overflow with a resultant heap-based buffer overflow via a BMP image because multiplication of pitch and height is mishandled, as demonstrated by tjbench.",
"id": "GHSA-4qq8-w9wg-4qw8",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:19:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:19:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-turbo/issues/304"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4190-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QQH-3J35-GPCQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-01 15:30 – Updated: 2026-05-08 15:31
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
Bluetooth: MGMT: validate LTK enc_size on load
Load Long Term Keys stores the user-provided enc_size and later uses it to size fixed-size stack operations when replying to LE LTK requests. An enc_size larger than the 16-byte key buffer can therefore overflow the reply stack buffer.
Reject oversized enc_size values while validating the management LTK record so invalid keys never reach the stored key state.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-43020"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-01T15:16:46Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nBluetooth: MGMT: validate LTK enc_size on load\n\nLoad Long Term Keys stores the user-provided enc_size and later uses\nit to size fixed-size stack operations when replying to LE LTK\nrequests. An enc_size larger than the 16-byte key buffer can therefore\noverflow the reply stack buffer.\n\nReject oversized enc_size values while validating the management LTK\nrecord so invalid keys never reach the stored key state.",
"id": "GHSA-4qqh-3j35-gpcq",
"modified": "2026-05-08T15:31:14Z",
"published": "2026-05-01T15:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0f37d1e65c6d71ad94ccfb5c602163c525db789d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/257cdb960d8ff6d60bb6461b03c814b6cf0c9e64"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/40ba329e8b4cd2fb11b0caf5e6a543ceaebb6009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50fb64defa72a3fecd0af1ca7c6b47b5c5c2b257"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/82f342b3b006ca1d65f4890c05f2ec32fcb808b6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b8dbe9648d69059cfe3a28917bfbf7e61efd7f15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c34577f517b556fb6ca173d45bf7e766ae2564ce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f71695e81f4cb428f3c7e2138eae88199005b52c"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QQH-HRP3-6PHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:39
VLAI
Details
Memory corruption issues in Intel(R) WIFI Drivers before version 21.40 may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege, denial of service, and information disclosure via adjacent access.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11152"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-14T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption issues in Intel(R) WIFI Drivers before version 21.40 may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege, denial of service, and information disclosure via adjacent access.",
"id": "GHSA-4qqh-hrp3-6phh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:39:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:00:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11152"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00287.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QR3-39H9-QWP4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-23 03:30 – Updated: 2025-04-03 15:30
VLAI
Details
processCropSelections in tools/tiffcrop.c in LibTIFF through 4.5.0 has a heap-based buffer overflow (e.g., "WRITE of size 307203") via a crafted TIFF image.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48281"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-23T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "processCropSelections in tools/tiffcrop.c in LibTIFF through 4.5.0 has a heap-based buffer overflow (e.g., \"WRITE of size 307203\") via a crafted TIFF image.",
"id": "GHSA-4qr3-39h9-qwp4",
"modified": "2025-04-03T15:30:48Z",
"published": "2023-01-23T03:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48281"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/-/commit/d1b6b9c1b3cae2d9e37754506c1ad8f4f7b646b5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/-/issues/488"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00037.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-31"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230302-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5333"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.