Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15198 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3P37-3636-Q8WV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-12 20:21 – Updated: 2024-11-19 16:32
VLAI
Summary
Vyper vulnerable to OOB DynArray access when array is on both LHS and RHS of an assignment
Details
Impact
during codegen, the length word of a dynarray is written before the data, which can result in OOB array access in the case where the dynarray is on both the lhs and rhs of an assignment. here is a minimal example producing the issue:
a:DynArray[uint256,3]
@external
def test() -> DynArray[uint256,3]:
self.a = [1,2,3]
self.a = empty(DynArray[uint256,3])
self.a = [self.a[0],self.a[1],self.a[2]]
return self.a # return [1,2,3]
and here is an example demonstrating the issue can cause data corruption across call frames:
@external
def test() -> DynArray[uint256,3]:
self.a()
return self.b() # return [1,2,3]
@internal
def a():
a: uint256 = 0
b: uint256 = 1
c: uint256 = 2
d: uint256 = 3
@internal
def b() -> DynArray[uint256,3]:
a: DynArray[uint256,3] = empty(DynArray[uint256,3])
a = [a[0],a[1],a[2]]
return a
examples involving append and pop:
@internal
def foo():
c: DynArray[uint256, 1] = []
c.append(c[0])
@internal
def foo():
c: DynArray[uint256, 1] = [1]
c[0] = c.pop()
the expected behavior in all of the above cases is to revert due to oob array access.
Patches
patched in 4f8289a81206f767df1900ac48f485d90fc87edb
Workarounds
Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?
References
Are there any links users can visit to find out more?
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "vyper"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31146"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-05-12T20:21:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-11T21:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nduring codegen, the length word of a dynarray is written before the data, which can result in OOB array access in the case where the dynarray is on both the lhs and rhs of an assignment. here is a minimal example producing the issue:\n```vyper\na:DynArray[uint256,3]\n@external\ndef test() -\u003e DynArray[uint256,3]:\n self.a = [1,2,3]\n self.a = empty(DynArray[uint256,3])\n self.a = [self.a[0],self.a[1],self.a[2]]\n return self.a # return [1,2,3]\n```\n\nand here is an example demonstrating the issue can cause data corruption across call frames:\n\n```vyper\n@external\ndef test() -\u003e DynArray[uint256,3]:\n self.a()\n return self.b() # return [1,2,3]\n\n@internal\ndef a():\n a: uint256 = 0 \n b: uint256 = 1 \n c: uint256 = 2 \n d: uint256 = 3\n\n@internal\ndef b() -\u003e DynArray[uint256,3]:\n a: DynArray[uint256,3] = empty(DynArray[uint256,3])\n a = [a[0],a[1],a[2]]\n return a\n```\n\nexamples involving append and pop:\n```vyper\n@internal\ndef foo():\n c: DynArray[uint256, 1] = []\n c.append(c[0])\n```\n\n```vyper\n@internal\ndef foo():\n c: DynArray[uint256, 1] = [1]\n c[0] = c.pop()\n```\n\nthe expected behavior in all of the above cases is to revert due to oob array access.\n\n### Patches\npatched in 4f8289a81206f767df1900ac48f485d90fc87edb\n\n### Workarounds\n_Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?_\n\n### References\n_Are there any links users can visit to find out more?_\n",
"id": "GHSA-3p37-3636-q8wv",
"modified": "2024-11-19T16:32:12Z",
"published": "2023-05-12T20:21:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/security/advisories/GHSA-3p37-3636-q8wv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/commit/4f8289a81206f767df1900ac48f485d90fc87edb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/vyper/PYSEC-2023-77.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Vyper vulnerable to OOB DynArray access when array is on both LHS and RHS of an assignment"
}
GHSA-3P3F-H63V-47C5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:20
VLAI
Details
A stack buffer overflow in speexenc.c of Speex v1.2 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (DoS) via a crafted WAV file.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-23904"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-10T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A stack buffer overflow in speexenc.c of Speex v1.2 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (DoS) via a crafted WAV file.",
"id": "GHSA-3p3f-h63v-47c5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:20:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:20:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-23904"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xiph/speex/issues/14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3P4H-535G-5QJF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:15 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:15
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in hcxtools through 6.1.6. A global-buffer-overflow exists in the function pcapngoptionwalk located in hcxpcapngtool.c. It allows an attacker to cause code Execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32286"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-20T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in hcxtools through 6.1.6. A global-buffer-overflow exists in the function pcapngoptionwalk located in hcxpcapngtool.c. It allows an attacker to cause code Execution.",
"id": "GHSA-3p4h-535g-5qjf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:15:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:15:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32286"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZerBea/hcxtools/issues/155"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3P4H-PCQJ-F7FX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-15 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-16 15:31
VLAI
Details
Tenda FH1206 v02.03.01.35 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the modino parameter in the fromPptpUserAdd function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42987"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-15T17:15:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda FH1206 v02.03.01.35 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the modino parameter in the fromPptpUserAdd function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.",
"id": "GHSA-3p4h-pcqj-f7fx",
"modified": "2024-08-16T15:31:41Z",
"published": "2024-08-15T18:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42987"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TTTJJJWWW/AHU-IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/FH1206/fromPptpUserAdd.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3P59-3FGJ-3HG8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-10 00:01 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in IdeBusDxe in Insyde InsydeH2O with kernel 5.1 before 05.16.25, 5.2 before 05.26.25, 5.3 before 05.35.25, 5.4 before 05.43.25, and 5.5 before 05.51.25. A vulnerability exists in the SMM (System Management Mode) branch that registers a SWSMI handler that does not sufficiently check or validate the allocated buffer pointer (the status code saved at the CommBuffer+4 location).
Severity
8.2 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45970"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-05T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in IdeBusDxe in Insyde InsydeH2O with kernel 5.1 before 05.16.25, 5.2 before 05.26.25, 5.3 before 05.35.25, 5.4 before 05.43.25, and 5.5 before 05.51.25. A vulnerability exists in the SMM (System Management Mode) branch that registers a SWSMI handler that does not sufficiently check or validate the allocated buffer pointer (the status code saved at the CommBuffer+4 location).",
"id": "GHSA-3p59-3fgj-3hg8",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2022-02-10T00:01:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-306654.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220216-0004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/796611"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3P59-PFVQ-J3P8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:15 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:15
VLAI
Details
Delta PMSoft versions 2.10 and prior have multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities where a .ppm file can introduce a value larger than is readable by PMSoft's fixed-length stack buffer. This can cause the buffer to be overwritten, which may allow arbitrary code execution or cause the application to crash. CVSS v3 base score: 7.1; CVSS vector string: AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H. Delta Electronics recommends affected users update to at least PMSoft v2.11, which was made available as of March 22, 2018, or the latest available version.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-8839"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-30T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Delta PMSoft versions 2.10 and prior have multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities where a .ppm file can introduce a value larger than is readable by PMSoft\u0027s fixed-length stack buffer. This can cause the buffer to be overwritten, which may allow arbitrary code execution or cause the application to crash. CVSS v3 base score: 7.1; CVSS vector string: AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H. Delta Electronics recommends affected users update to at least PMSoft v2.11, which was made available as of March 22, 2018, or the latest available version.",
"id": "GHSA-3p59-pfvq-j3p8",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:15:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:15:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-116-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104013"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3P5J-PP53-5GHM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-13 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-13 18:31
VLAI
Details
An insufficient bounds check in PMFW (Power Management Firmware) may allow an attacker to utilize a malicious VF (virtualization function) to send a malformed message, potentially resulting in a denial of service.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20513"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-13T17:15:19Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "An insufficient bounds check in PMFW (Power Management Firmware) may allow an attacker to utilize a malicious VF (virtualization function) to send a malformed message, potentially resulting in a denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-3p5j-pp53-5ghm",
"modified": "2024-08-13T18:31:15Z",
"published": "2024-08-13T18:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20513"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.amd.com/en/resources/product-security/bulletin/amd-sb-6005.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3P5Q-2RR6-M932
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-16 00:30 – Updated: 2026-01-16 00:30
VLAI
Details
Ether MP3 CD Burner 1.3.8 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability in the registration name field that allows remote code execution. Attackers can craft a malicious payload to overwrite SEH handlers and execute a bind shell on port 3110 by exploiting improper input validation.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-47785"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-16T00:16:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Ether MP3 CD Burner 1.3.8 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability in the registration name field that allows remote code execution. Attackers can craft a malicious payload to overwrite SEH handlers and execute a bind shell on port 3110 by exploiting improper input validation.",
"id": "GHSA-3p5q-2rr6-m932",
"modified": "2026-01-16T00:30:54Z",
"published": "2026-01-16T00:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-47785"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://download.cnet.com/mp3avimpegwmvrm-to-audio-cd-burner/3000-2646_4-10658515.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/50332"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ethermpcdburner-buffer-overflow-seh"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3P5Q-C694-C8Q3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-10 15:30 – Updated: 2025-05-10 15:30
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in code-projects Album Management System 1.0. This affects the function searchalbum of the component Search Albums. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4501"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-10T13:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in code-projects Album Management System 1.0. This affects the function searchalbum of the component Search Albums. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-3p5q-c694-c8q3",
"modified": "2025-05-10T15:30:28Z",
"published": "2025-05-10T15:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4501"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code-projects.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zzzxc643/cve/blob/main/ALBUM_MANAGEMENT_SYSTEM.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.308217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.308217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.567111"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3P6H-HQFC-F464
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:31 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:31
VLAI
Details
D-Link DIR-X3260 prog.cgi SetSysEmailSettings Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DIR-X3260 routers. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the prog.cgi binary, which handles HNAP requests made to the lighttpd webserver listening on TCP ports 80 and 443. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-21593.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-51616"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:16:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-X3260 prog.cgi SetSysEmailSettings Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DIR-X3260 routers. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the prog.cgi binary, which handles HNAP requests made to the lighttpd webserver listening on TCP ports 80 and 443. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-21593.",
"id": "GHSA-3p6h-hqfc-f464",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:31:10Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10365"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-24-036"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.