CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5411 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QQ6M-6MQJ-XGV4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:39 – Updated: 2023-09-29 15:30Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an authenticated attacker to perform command injection attacks against an affected device, which could allow the attacker to take certain actions with root privileges on the device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1263"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-20T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an authenticated attacker to perform command injection attacks against an affected device, which could allow the attacker to take certain actions with root privileges on the device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory. ",
"id": "GHSA-qq6m-6mqj-xgv4",
"modified": "2023-09-29T15:30:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:39:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1263"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sdwan-cmdinjm-9QMSmgcn"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQ75-QQ27-MW6P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:30A weakness has been identified in Topsec TopACM 3.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /view/systemConfig/management/nmc_sync.php of the component HTTP Request Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument template_path can lead to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4170"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:19:56Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in Topsec TopACM 3.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /view/systemConfig/management/nmc_sync.php of the component HTTP Request Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument template_path can lead to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-qq75-qq27-mw6p",
"modified": "2026-03-16T15:30:44Z",
"published": "2026-03-16T15:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4170"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.feishu.cn/docx/EAFFdhzoeodDxfxeazNcxBzCnRf?from=from_copylink"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351077"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.351077"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.769768"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQ79-56J7-GMQ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-13 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-13 03:30A vulnerability was found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This impacts the function UploadFirmwareFile of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument FileName results in os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6140"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-13T01:16:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This impacts the function UploadFirmwareFile of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument FileName results in os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.",
"id": "GHSA-qq79-56j7-gmq4",
"modified": "2026-04-13T03:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-04-13T03:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new/blob/main/A7100RU/vul_193/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/792987"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/357004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/357004/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQ8F-9MH8-5973
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-20 15:32 – Updated: 2024-03-20 15:32A vulnerability was found in Ruijie RG-NBS2009G-P up to 20240305. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /EXCU_SHELL. The manipulation of the argument Command1 leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-257281 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2642"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-19T22:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Ruijie RG-NBS2009G-P up to 20240305. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /EXCU_SHELL. The manipulation of the argument Command1 leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-257281 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-qq8f-9mh8-5973",
"modified": "2024-03-20T15:32:24Z",
"published": "2024-03-20T15:32:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2642"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://h0e4a0r1t.github.io/2024/vulns/Ruijie%20RG-NBS2009G-P%20switch%20has%20a%20foreground%20CLI%20command%20injection%20vulnerability.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.257281"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.257281"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQHV-2H68-RX7F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-26 00:03 – Updated: 2022-08-27 00:00TOTOLINK A3700R V9.1.2u.6134_B20201202 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FileName parameter in the function UploadFirmwareFile.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36460"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-25T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK A3700R V9.1.2u.6134_B20201202 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FileName parameter in the function UploadFirmwareFile.",
"id": "GHSA-qqhv-2h68-rx7f",
"modified": "2022-08-27T00:00:55Z",
"published": "2022-08-26T00:03:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36460"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Darry-lang1/vuln/blob/main/TOTOLINK/A3700R/4/readme.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQPG-XXJC-9JH9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-13 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-13 18:30A vulnerability exists in BIG-IP systems where a highly privileged, authenticated attacker with at least the Resource Administrator role can modify configuration objects resulting in privilege escalation. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41953"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T16:16:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability exists in BIG-IP systems where a highly privileged, authenticated attacker with at least the Resource Administrator role can modify configuration objects resulting in privilege escalation.\u00a0\u00a0Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.",
"id": "GHSA-qqpg-xxjc-9jh9",
"modified": "2026-05-13T18:30:55Z",
"published": "2026-05-13T18:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41953"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000160975"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQR3-6P45-F2XM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-16 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-29 15:30A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software and Cisco FXOS Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as root. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation for specific CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting operating system commands into a legitimate command. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to escape the restricted command prompt and execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need valid Administrator credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20934"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-15T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software and Cisco FXOS Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as root. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation for specific CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting operating system commands into a legitimate command. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to escape the restricted command prompt and execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need valid Administrator credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-qqr3-6p45-f2xm",
"modified": "2022-11-29T15:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-11-16T12:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20934"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ftd-fxos-cmd-inj-Q9bLNsrK"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ftd-fxos-cmd-inj-Q9bLNsrK"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QR28-P3WR-MXQ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-18 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-29 19:10ngrok v4.3.3 and 5.0.0-beta.2 are vulnerable to Command Injection.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "ngrok"
},
"versions": [
"4.3.3"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "ngrok"
},
"versions": [
"5.0.0-beta.2"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-57282"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-29T19:10:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-18T16:16:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ngrok v4.3.3 and 5.0.0-beta.2 are vulnerable to Command Injection.",
"id": "GHSA-qr28-p3wr-mxq3",
"modified": "2026-05-29T19:10:32Z",
"published": "2026-05-18T18:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57282"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Dremig/90c2a0a2f85b0921f10e0bb3192a0c23"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/bubenshchykov/ngrok"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "ngrok is Vulnerable to Command Injection"
}
GHSA-QR32-J4J6-3M7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-05-29 20:23 – Updated: 2026-01-23 22:50Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-wp3j-gv53-4pg8. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
Affected versions of fs-git do not sanitize strings passed into the buildCommand method, resulting in arbitrary code execution.
Recommendation
Update to version 1.0.2 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "fs-git"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16087"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-05-29T20:22:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-wp3j-gv53-4pg8. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nAffected versions of `fs-git` do not sanitize strings passed into the `buildCommand` method, resulting in arbitrary code execution.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 1.0.2 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-qr32-j4j6-3m7r",
"modified": "2026-01-23T22:50:14Z",
"published": "2019-05-29T20:23:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16087"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vvakame/fs-git/commit/eb5f70efa5cfbff1ab299fa7daaa5de549243998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vvakame/fs-git/commit/eb5f70efa5cfbff1ab299fa7daaa5de549243998#diff-13b5b151431c7e7a17f273559ed212d5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/360"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Command Injection in fs-git",
"withdrawn": "2026-01-23T22:50:14Z"
}
GHSA-QR5W-HHFH-GP9G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:34 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:34VMware Horizon View Client (2.x, 3.x and 4.x prior to 4.5.0) contains a command injection vulnerability in the service startup script. Successful exploitation of this issue may allow unprivileged users to escalate their privileges to root on the Mac OSX system where the client is installed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-4918"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-08T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "VMware Horizon View Client (2.x, 3.x and 4.x prior to 4.5.0) contains a command injection vulnerability in the service startup script. Successful exploitation of this issue may allow unprivileged users to escalate their privileges to root on the Mac OSX system where the client is installed.",
"id": "GHSA-qr5w-hhfh-gp9g",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:34:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:34:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-4918"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2017-0011.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038642"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.