CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5411 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QMMM-73R2-F8XR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-22 18:38 – Updated: 2025-06-10 15:33Observations
The Hoppscotch desktop app takes multiple precautions to be secure against arbitrary JavaScript and system command execution. It does not render user-controlled HTML or Markdown, uses Tauri instead of Electron, and sandboxes pre-request scripts with a simple yet secure implementation using web workers.
Unfortunately, web workers are not available in a pure Node.js application like Hoppscotch CLI. That is why the @hoppscotch/js-sandbox package also provides a Javascript sandbox that uses the Node.js vm module. However, the vm module is not safe for sandboxing untrusted Javascript code, as stated in the documentation. This is because code inside the vm context can break out if it can get a hold of any reference to an object created outside of the vm.
In the case of @hoppscotch/js-sandbox, multiple references to external objects are passed into the vm context to allow pre-request scripts interactions with environment variables and more. But this also allows the pre-request script to escape the sandbox. packages/hoppscotch-js-sandbox/src/pre-request/node-vm/index.ts
const { pw, updatedEnvs } = getPreRequestScriptMethods(envs)
// Expose pw to the context
context.pw = pw
context.atob = atob
context.btoa = btoa
// Run the pre-request script in the provided context
runInContext(preRequestScript, context)
Exploitation
An attacker can use the exposed pw object reference to escape the sandbox and execute arbitrary system commands using the child_process Node.js module. This PoC pre-request script executes the id > /tmp/pwnd system command as soon as a request is sent.
outside = pw.constructor.constructor('return this')()
outside.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id > /tmp/pwnd')
An attacker who wants to run arbitrary code on the machine of a victim can create a Hoppscotch collection containing a request with a malicious pre-request script and share it with a victim, using the JSON export feature. The victim then has to run the collection with the Hoppscotch CLI. Then the malicious pre-request script executes.
Impact
This attack gives an attacker arbitrary command execution on the machine of a victim Hoppscotch CLI user. For the attack to succeed, an attacker has to lure the victim into downloading a malicious Hoppscotch collection and running it with the Hoppscotch CLI.
This issue does not impact Hoppscotch Web or Desktop, as they use the safe web worker sandboxing approach.
Recommendations
Hoppscotch CLI and other tools that rely on @hoppscotch/js-sandbox but don't have access to a browser cannot use the web worker sandbox. For these, you can look into other safe JavaScript sandboxing libraries. We think that isolated-vm looks promising. We discourage the use of vm2, which is deprecated because it has arbitrary bypasses. Alternatively, you can introduce an --enable-scripting flag for the CLI and disable scripting by default. Or you can change the threat model and educate users that they should not run untrusted collections as it can lead to RCE.
Differences from existing CVEs
- nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37466 : This CVE is regarding an escape of vm2 which we do not even use.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@hoppscotch/cli"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.8.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-34347"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-22T18:38:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-08T15:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Observations\n\nThe Hoppscotch desktop app takes multiple precautions to be secure against arbitrary JavaScript and system command execution. It does not render user-controlled HTML or Markdown, uses Tauri instead of Electron, and sandboxes pre-request scripts with a simple yet secure implementation using web workers.\n\nUnfortunately, web workers are not available in a pure Node.js application like Hoppscotch CLI. That is why the [@hoppscotch/js-sandbox](https://github.com/hoppscotch/hoppscotch/tree/main/packages/hoppscotch-js-sandbox) package also provides a Javascript sandbox that uses the Node.js `vm` module. However, the `vm` module is not safe for sandboxing untrusted Javascript code, as stated [in the documentation](https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html#vm-executing-javascript). This is because [code inside the vm context can break out](https://thegoodhacker.com/posts/the-unsecure-node-vm-module/) if it can get a hold of any reference to an object created outside of the vm.\n\nIn the case of @hoppscotch/js-sandbox, multiple references to external objects are passed into the vm context to allow pre-request scripts interactions with environment variables and more. But this also allows the pre-request script to escape the sandbox.\n[packages/hoppscotch-js-sandbox/src/pre-request/node-vm/index.ts](https://github.com/hoppscotch/hoppscotch/blob/faab1d20fde9a6be660db40fc73dcf28f9038008/packages/hoppscotch-js-sandbox/src/pre-request/node-vm/index.ts#L23-L31)\n```js\nconst { pw, updatedEnvs } = getPreRequestScriptMethods(envs)\n\n// Expose pw to the context\ncontext.pw = pw\ncontext.atob = atob\ncontext.btoa = btoa\n\n// Run the pre-request script in the provided context\nrunInContext(preRequestScript, context)\n```\n\n### Exploitation\n\nAn attacker can use the exposed `pw` object reference to escape the sandbox and execute arbitrary system commands using the `child_process` Node.js module. This PoC pre-request script executes the `id \u003e /tmp/pwnd` system command as soon as a request is sent.\n```js\noutside = pw.constructor.constructor(\u0027return this\u0027)()\noutside.process.mainModule.require(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027id \u003e /tmp/pwnd\u0027)\n```\nAn attacker who wants to run arbitrary code on the machine of a victim can create a Hoppscotch collection containing a request with a malicious pre-request script and share it with a victim, using the JSON export feature. The victim then has to run the collection with the Hoppscotch CLI. Then the malicious pre-request script executes.\n\n### Impact\n\nThis attack gives an attacker arbitrary command execution on the machine of a victim Hoppscotch CLI user. For the attack to succeed, an attacker has to lure the victim into downloading a malicious Hoppscotch collection and running it with the Hoppscotch CLI.\n\nThis issue does not impact Hoppscotch Web or Desktop, as they use the safe web worker sandboxing approach.\n\n### Recommendations\n\nHoppscotch CLI and other tools that rely on @hoppscotch/js-sandbox but don\u0027t have access to a browser cannot use the web worker sandbox. For these, you can look into other safe JavaScript sandboxing libraries. We think that [isolated-vm](https://github.com/laverdet/isolated-vm) looks promising. We discourage the use of [vm2](https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2), which is deprecated because it has arbitrary bypasses. Alternatively, you can introduce an `--enable-scripting` flag for the CLI and disable scripting by default. Or you can change the threat model and educate users that they should not run untrusted collections as it can lead to RCE.\n\n\n### Differences from existing CVEs\n- [nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37466](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37466) : This CVE is regarding an escape of vm2 which we do not even use.",
"id": "GHSA-qmmm-73r2-f8xr",
"modified": "2025-06-10T15:33:54Z",
"published": "2024-04-22T18:38:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hoppscotch/hoppscotch/security/advisories/GHSA-qmmm-73r2-f8xr"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34347"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hoppscotch/hoppscotch/commit/22c6eabd133195d22874250a5ae40cb26b851b01"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/hoppscotch/hoppscotch"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/scripting-outside-the-box-api-client-security-risks-part-2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@hoppscotch/cli affected by Sandbox Escape in @hoppscotch/js-sandbox leads to RCE"
}
GHSA-QMQ6-JPVG-J547
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:12 – Updated: 2025-11-07 23:20Magento Commerce versions 2.4.2 (and earlier), 2.4.2-p1 (and earlier) and 2.3.7 (and earlier) are affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used In A Command via the Data collection endpoint. An attacker with admin privileges can upload a specially crafted file to achieve remote code execution.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/project-community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.7-p1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"versions": [
"2.3.7"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.2-p1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.2-p2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"versions": [
"2.4.2"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36024"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-07T23:20:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-01T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Magento Commerce versions 2.4.2 (and earlier), 2.4.2-p1 (and earlier) and 2.3.7 (and earlier) are affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used In A Command via the Data collection endpoint. An attacker with admin privileges can upload a specially crafted file to achieve remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-qmq6-jpvg-j547",
"modified": "2025-11-07T23:20:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:12:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36024"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/magento/magento2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb21-64.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Magento is affected by an os command injection via the Data collection endpoint"
}
GHSA-QMR4-H7CX-9887
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-15 15:30 – Updated: 2024-10-10 18:31PAX Android based POS devices with PayDroid_8.1.0_Sagittarius_V11.1.50_20230614 or earlier can allow the execution of arbitrary commands with system account privilege by shell injection starting with a specific word.
The attacker must have shell access to the device in order to exploit this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42136"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-15T14:15:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PAX Android based POS devices with PayDroid_8.1.0_Sagittarius_V11.1.50_20230614 or earlier can allow the execution of arbitrary commands with system account privilege by shell injection starting with a specific word.\n\n\n\n\nThe attacker must have shell access to the device in order to exploit this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-qmr4-h7cx-9887",
"modified": "2024-10-10T18:31:07Z",
"published": "2024-01-15T15:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.stmcyber.com/pax-pos-cves-2023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2024/01/CVE-2023-4818"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2024/01/CVE-2023-4818"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ppn.paxengine.com/release/development"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QMW4-R53X-3938
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-11 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:55A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000RE (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1400 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1500 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1501 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1510 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1511 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1512 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1524 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1536 (All versions < V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX5000 (All versions < V2.16.0). The uninstall-app App-name parameter in the web interface of affected devices is vulnerable to command injection due to missing server side input sanitation. This could allow an authenticated privileged remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-36753"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-11T10:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000RE (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1400 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1500 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1501 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1510 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1511 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1512 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1524 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1536 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0), RUGGEDCOM ROX RX5000 (All versions \u003c V2.16.0). The uninstall-app App-name parameter in the web interface of affected devices is vulnerable to command injection due to missing server side input sanitation. This could allow an authenticated privileged remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-qmw4-r53x-3938",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:55:50Z",
"published": "2023-07-11T12:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36753"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-146325.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QMWJ-94MW-66HF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-13 18:31 – Updated: 2025-08-13 21:30A zip slip vulnerability in the /modules/ImportModule.php component of hortusfox-web v4.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted archive.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-45317"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-13T18:15:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A zip slip vulnerability in the /modules/ImportModule.php component of hortusfox-web v4.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted archive.",
"id": "GHSA-qmwj-94mw-66hf",
"modified": "2025-08-13T21:30:28Z",
"published": "2025-08-13T18:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45317"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chrisWalker11/Cves/blob/main/CVE-2025-45317/CVE-2025-45317.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/danielbrendel/hortusfox-web/blob/8ab851101a62d8eb311235c118eeeb32a9b36978/app/modules/ImportModule.php#L28"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QP5F-6G86-H75X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-18 00:00ZeroShell 3.9.5 has a command injection vulnerability in /cgi-bin/kerbynet IP parameter, which may allow an authenticated attacker to execute system commands.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-41738"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-11T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ZeroShell 3.9.5 has a command injection vulnerability in /cgi-bin/kerbynet IP parameter, which may allow an authenticated attacker to execute system commands.",
"id": "GHSA-qp5f-6g86-h75x",
"modified": "2022-06-18T00:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-06-12T00:00:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@rootless724"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QP62-JP68-8RX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-10-24 19:00A command injection vulnerability in sftp command processing on Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows an attacker with authenticated CLI access to be able to bypass configured access protections to execute arbitrary shell commands within the context of the current user. The vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass command authorization restrictions assigned to their specific user account and execute commands that are available to the privilege level for which the user is assigned. For example, a user that is in the super-user login class, but restricted to executing specific CLI commands could exploit the vulnerability to execute any other command available to an unrestricted admin user. This vulnerability does not increase the privilege level of the user, but rather bypasses any CLI command restrictions by allowing full access to the shell. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved: All versions prior to 20.4R2-S2-EVO; 21.1 versions prior to 21.1R2-EVO; 21.2 versions prior to 21.2R1-S1-EVO, 21.2R2-EVO.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31358"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-19T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability in sftp command processing on Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows an attacker with authenticated CLI access to be able to bypass configured access protections to execute arbitrary shell commands within the context of the current user. The vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass command authorization restrictions assigned to their specific user account and execute commands that are available to the privilege level for which the user is assigned. For example, a user that is in the super-user login class, but restricted to executing specific CLI commands could exploit the vulnerability to execute any other command available to an unrestricted admin user. This vulnerability does not increase the privilege level of the user, but rather bypasses any CLI command restrictions by allowing full access to the shell. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved: All versions prior to 20.4R2-S2-EVO; 21.1 versions prior to 21.1R2-EVO; 21.2 versions prior to 21.2R1-S1-EVO, 21.2R2-EVO.",
"id": "GHSA-qp62-jp68-8rx4",
"modified": "2022-10-24T19:00:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:17:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31358"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11221"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QP64-FXM9-HXP3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-20 21:30 – Updated: 2025-05-20 21:30A vulnerability was found in Linksys FGW3000-AH and FGW3000-HK up to 1.0.17.000000. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function control_panel_sw of the file /cgi-bin/sysconf.cgi of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument filename leads to command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-20T21:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Linksys FGW3000-AH and FGW3000-HK up to 1.0.17.000000. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function control_panel_sw of the file /cgi-bin/sysconf.cgi of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument filename leads to command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-qp64-fxm9-hxp3",
"modified": "2025-05-20T21:30:44Z",
"published": "2025-05-20T21:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CH13hh/tmp_store_cc/blob/main/FGW3000/2.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309651"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.309651"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.565992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.linksys.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QPC3-8VQG-8G6W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-03 06:31 – Updated: 2026-06-09 10:57Command injection vulnerability in console.run_module_with_output() in pymetasploit3 through version 1.0.6 allows attackers to inject newline characters into module options such as RHOSTS. This breaks the intended command structure and causes the Metasploit console to execute additional unintended commands, potentially leading to arbitrary command execution and manipulation of Metasploit sessions.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "pymetasploit3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.0.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5463"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-06T23:07:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-03T05:16:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Command injection vulnerability in console.run_module_with_output() in pymetasploit3 through version 1.0.6 allows attackers to inject newline characters into module options such as RHOSTS. This breaks the intended command structure and causes the Metasploit console to execute additional unintended commands, potentially leading to arbitrary command execution and manipulation of Metasploit sessions.",
"id": "GHSA-qpc3-8vqg-8g6w",
"modified": "2026-06-09T10:57:06Z",
"published": "2026-04-03T06:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5463"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/DanMcInerney/pymetasploit3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pypi.org/project/pymetasploit3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:L/SI:H/SA:L",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "pymetasploit3 vulnerable to command injection in console.run_module_with_output()"
}
GHSA-QPF2-W648-MR69
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-19 00:01InHand Networks InRouter 900 Industrial 4G Router before v1.0.0.r11700 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the function sub_1791C. This vulnerability is triggered via a crafted packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27272"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-10T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "InHand Networks InRouter 900 Industrial 4G Router before v1.0.0.r11700 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the function sub_1791C. This vulnerability is triggered via a crafted packet.",
"id": "GHSA-qpf2-w648-mr69",
"modified": "2022-04-19T00:01:27Z",
"published": "2022-04-11T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1zJ2dGrKar-WTlYz13v1f0BIsoIm3aU0l?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wu610777031/IoT_Hunter/blob/main/Inhand%20InRouter%20900%20Industrial%204G%20Router%20%20Vulnerabilities(RCE).pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.